فهرست مطالب آرزو تاری مرادی

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Captain's Log computerized cognitive rehabilitation on reading performance and executive functions of dyslexic students. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design, a control group, with a one-month follow-up period. The statistical population included all dyslexic male and female students aged 8-12  who had been referred to the Education and Rehabilitation Center for Special Learning Difficulties No. 2, District 1, Karaj City, in the academic year 2021-2022. Among them, 30 students were purposefully included in the study and were randomly assigned to two test groups (15 people in each group). The intervention group students were subjected to Captain's Log computerized cognitive rehabilitation intervention for 45 minutes twice a week for 10 sessions. The research tools included the reading and dyslexia test (RDT-NEMA - Karami Nouri and Moradi, 2014), the executive performance behavior rating list (BRIEF - Givia et al., 2000), and the Captain's Log software (2018 version). Data analysis was done by variance analysis with repeated measurements. The findings showed a significant difference between the post-test average reading performance and executive functions in the experimental and control groups (P < 0.01). In addition, the results showed that this intervention could significantly maintain its effect over time (P < 0.01). It can be concluded that with the help of Captain's Log computer-based cognitive rehabilitation, an effective step can be taken to improve the reading performance and executive functions of dyslexic students.

Studies have shown that psychological factors, including anxiety, have a significant effect on the development and exacerbation of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Among the new methods of reducing anxiety, we can mention Relaxation Training (RT) and Emotional Awareness and Expression Training (EAET), So far, their effectiveness in reducing Anxiety Sensitivity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome has not been compared in Iran.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the efficacy of relaxation training and awareness and emotional expression training on anxiety sensitivity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome.

The current research design was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a two-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all patients with irritable bowel syndrome who referred to the gastroenterology Subspecialty offices in northwest Tehran from 2021 to July 2022, who were diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome by the doctor based on ROOM III diagnostic criteria. Using the purposeful sampling method (based on the entry criteria), 60 patients with irritable bowel syndrome were selected, And then they were randomly divided into three groups of 20 people (two experimental groups and one control group). The tool used in this research was the anexiety sensitivity index- revised (Taylor & Cox, 1998). Also, for the first experimental group, relaxation training in 8 sessions of 90 minutes based on the relaxation training protocol of Blanchard et al. (1993), For the second experimental group, awareness and emotional expression training in 8 sessions of 90 minutes based on the protocol of Lumley et al. (2017) it was held virtually. In order to analyze the research data, the Analysis of variance with repeated measures and SPSS-26 software was used.

The findings showed that the total score of anxiety sensitivity and its components decreased significantly in the relaxation training group (P= 0.001). Also, the total score of anxiety sensitivity and its components decreased significantly in the emotional awareness and expression training group (P= 0.001), But the difference between the effect of the two educational methods was not significant on the other components of anxiety sensitivity, except in the component of Fear of cognitive dyscontrol (P= 0.031). Emotional awareness and expression training was a more effective method to reduce the Fear of cognitive dyscontrol compared to relaxation training.

Regarding the effectiveness of relaxation training and emotional awareness and expression training on the anxiety sensitivity of people with irritable bowel syndrome, It is suggested that health psychologists in medical centers and psychological clinics use these treatment methods to reduce the level of anxiety, especially anxiety sensitivity and its components in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and similar patients.

This research aimed to predict mental fatigue based on avoidant attachment style and self-management and dysfunctional functioning in couples referring to clinics in Tehran. The current research is part of applied research in terms of its purpose and terms of descriptive-correlational methods. The statistical population in this research included all couples who were referred to psychological and counseling clinics in the 6th and 7th regions of Tehran in 2021, from which 186 couples were selected by purposive sampling. The tools of this research included Pines Marital Burnout (CBM, 1996), Collins and Reed Attachment Questionnaire (RAAS, 1990), and Young's Primary Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire (YSQ-SF, 2005). The method of data analysis was simultaneous regression analysis. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between avoidant attachment style and self-management with mental fatigue (p<0.05). It is concluded that avoidant attachment, self-management, and dysfunctional performance play an essential role in predicting mental fatigue and explain 17.1% of the variance of mental fatigue.

The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of Mushfaq's mindfulness group training and cognitive therapy group training based on mindfulness on the self-balance of adolescent girls. In terms of the purpose, the current research is a part of applied research and in terms of method, it is a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group. he research population consisted of all female students in the 10th and 11th grades of the second secondary school in Karaj in 2019-2020, and 45 of them were selected as a sample. The instrument of the current research included Hardin's (2002) integrated inconsistency index. The group training intervention of Mendan Mushfaq was carried out during 8 sessions of 1.5 hours and the group training intervention of cognitive therapy based on mindfulness was carried out during 10 sessions of 1.5 hours; But the control group did not receive any intervention. The findings showed that the group training of the compassionate mind and cognitive therapy based on mindfulness is effective on the self-balance of adolescent girls. Also, the findings showed that there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of the two interventions of the Mushfaq Mind group training and the mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group training in self-balance.

The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of computerized cognitive rehabilitation with cognitive-behavioral Play therapy on the reading performance of dyslexic elementary school students. The quasi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with a one-month follow-up. The statistical population of the study included all the students 8-12 years old who were referred to the Education and Rehabilitation Center in Karaj Education due to learning problems in the school year 2020-2021. In this regard, 45 students were purposefully included in the study and were randomly placed in two experimental groups and one control group (15 people in each group). Students of the experimental groups received sessions 10 weekly sessions of computer cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive-behavior Play therapy. The research tool included a reading and dyslexia test (EDT) (Karami Nouri, & Moradi, 2005) and Captain’s Log software (2018). Data were analyzed by mixed variance analysis. The results revealed that both of the methods of computer cognitive rehabilitation and cognitive-behavior therapy compared to the control group significantly improved reading performance (P<0.01) and the effect of both interventions lasted for one month. Also, there is no significant difference between the effects of the two interventional methods (P<0.05). Therefore, by applying any of the cognitive rehabilitation methods and cognitive-behavior Play therapy, an effective step can be taken to improve the reading performance of students.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of negative spiritual coping in the relationship between dark triad personality and nonsuicidal self-injury in adolescents. This study is fundamental in terms of purpose and descriptive correlation in terms of method. The statistical population of this study consisted of all high school students in public schools in Karaj in the academic year 2020-2021. The sample consisted of 351 high school students who were selected by stage cluster sampling and online during Covid 19 disease. Participants completed the dark personality scale (DPS) Jonason & Webster (2010), the spiritual coping questionnaire (SCQ) Charzyńska (2015), and the deliberate self–harm inventory (DSHI) Gratz (2001). The Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling methods were used for data analysis. The results showed that the model related to the mediating role of negative spiritual coping in the relationship between dark triad personality and nonsuicidal self-injury of adolescents has a good fit. The results showed that the direct effect of dark triad personality on non-suicidal self-injury is not significant (P>0.05). The direct effect of negative spiritual coping (P<0.01) and the indirect effect of dark triad personality with the mediation of negative spiritual coping on non-suicidal self-injury are significant (P<0.01); Therefore, paying attention to these variables in the field of psychopathology and formulating educational and therapeutic interventions regarding nonsuicidal self-injury can be useful.

The aim of this study was to predict anxiety (Covid disease 19) based on the psychological flexibility of male employees of Karaj Health Department. The sampling method of this study was simple random sampling. The research instrument was a standard questionnaire including coronavirus anxiety questionnaire, zero resilience psychological resilience questionnaire, and colleagues. Descriptive and inferential statistics have been used to analyze the data. Research findings show that psychological resilience can explain about 3.5% of changes in Covid 19 anxiety. Therefore, the research hypothesis that Covid anxiety is predicted based on psychological flexibility was confirmed. Male employees of Karaj Health Department who had high cognitive flexibility were able to adapt to coronary anxiety because they were thinking about problem-solving and could perform behaviors that help improve the situation and could control their emotions. Since anxiety does not help solve the problem, so they performed their job duties.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of self-compassion therapy on rumination, self-criticism, and negative automatic thoughts of university students experiencing heartbreak. The research method was applied in relation to the objective and the design of the present study was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and a control group design. The statistical population included all students of Islamic Azad University of Hamadan in the academic year 2019-2020, of which 30 subjects were selected through purposive sampling and randomly divided into two groups, an experimental group and a control group (7 females and 8 males in each group). Participants were tested before and after the study using the Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), the Levels of Self Criticism Scale (SSAS), and the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATTQ). Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance and SPSS-24 software. The results of the present study showed that compassion-based therapy was effective on the components of rumination (P=0.001), the components of self-criticism (P=0.001), and the negative automatic thoughts (P=0.001) of students with experiences of love failure. Self-compassion training helps these individuals to accept themselves in any situation, which reduces self-criticism and the experience of rumination and automatic thoughts in these individuals in critical situations. Based on the results of the present study, it is suggested that workshops titled “Self-Compassion” be held for students with heartbreak.

 Although pain is necessary for the continuation of life, this phenomenon often loses its warning and adaptive role and causes various problems. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to design and test the prediction model of adaptation to pain based on attachment styles and ego strength with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Tehran in 2021.

 In this descriptive study conducted by correlational method, the statistical population included all patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Tehran in 2021. 300 patients were selected from the pain clinic of Imam Hossein Hospital by convenience sampling method and answered the questionnaires of Attachment Styles, Ego Strength, Cognitive Emotion Regulation, and Multidimensional Pain Inventory. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

 The results of structural equation modeling showed that the coefficients of the direct path of attachment styles (β=0.61, p<0.001) and ego strength (β=0.89, p<0.001) to the adaptation to pain were significant. In addition, attachment styles and ego strength had an indirect effect on the adaptation to pain with the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation. 

 The results of this study reveal that attachment styles, ego strength, and cognitive emotion regulation can directly and indirectly affect the perception of chronic pain and ultimately the performance of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and on the other hand, play a dynamic role in adapting to chronic pain. These results can be used in designing preventive and interventional programs of chronic pain.
Key words: Adaptation to pain, Attachment styles, Ego strength, Cognitive emotion regulation, Chronic pain, Rheumatoid arthritis
Funding: This study did not have any funds.

In recent years in Iran, several studies have examined the effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior therapy and Schema therapy  in the field of conflict resolving  and enriching the couple's .relationship.The purpose of this study is to integrate the results of previous research and compare the effectiveness of these interventions on marital quality components.

For this purpose, meta-analysis was used as a statistical technique to determine, collect, combine and summarize research findings related to the effectiveness of Dialectical Behavior therapy and Schema therapy on the components of marital quality of couples.The statistical population of the study includes researches conducted in Iran in the field of mentioned psychotherapies . The statistical sample includes research conducted in this field inside Iran. For this purpose, 19 studies were selected.After reviewing 17 researches that were methodologically acceptable, they were analyzed.The research tool was a meta-analysis checklist and CMA software was used to analyze the data.

The results showed the magnitude of the combined effect of the treatments(P <0.01) was equal to r = 0.629, which is equivalent to zr = 0.739 and g = 1.557, and according to Cohen's interpretation table means the size of the effect is large or high. Also, the results did not show a significant difference between the effect size of Dialectical Behavior therapy and Schema therapy.                                                                   

Based on the results of this meta-analysis, dialectical behavior therapy and schema therapy are effective in improving the marital quality components of couples.

Nonsuicidal self-injury is one of the conditions for further study; Therefore, the present study aimed to predict nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents based on stressful life events, maladaptive schemas and spiritual coping.

The present study is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of this study consisted of all high school students in public schools in Karaj in the academic year 2020-2021. The sample consisted of 351 high school students who were selected online during Covid 19 disease. Participants responded to the revised stressful life events screening questionnaire (SLESQ-R), the Young schema questionnaire-short form (YSQ-SF), the spiritual coping questionnaire (SCQ), and the deliberate self–harm inventory (DSHI). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software using Pearson correlation and regression analysis methods.

The findings showed that there is a significantpositive relationship between stressful life events, maladaptive schemas, negative spiritual coping and NSSI (p< 0.01). Stressful life events, maladaptive schemas, and negative spiritual coping also predict NSSI in adolescents (p< 0.05).

The results of the present study showed that stressful life events, maladaptive schemas and spiritual coping play an important role in adolescents' NSSI; Therefore, paying attention to these variables in the psychopathology and preparing educational interventions in this field can be useful.

In recent years in Iran, several studies have examined the effectiveness of acceptance commitment therapy and integrated behavior couple therapy in the field of conflict resolution and fertility of the marital relationship. The aim of this study was to integrate the results of these studies and compare the impact of these interventions on the components of marital quality. For this purpose, meta-analysis was used as a statistical technique to determine, collect, combine and summarize research findings related to the effectiveness of acceptance commitment therapy and integrated behavioral couple therapy on the components of marital quality of couples. . The statistical population of the study includes studies conducted in Iran in the field of medicine and the statistical sample includes studies conducted in this field within Iran. For this purpose, 22 studies were selected and after reviewing 17 studies that were methodologically acceptable were selected and analyzed. The research tool was a meta-analysis checklist and CMA software was used to analyze the data. The results showed the magnitude of the combined effect of the treatments (P <0.01) Equivalent to d = 2.513, which is equivalent to g=2.458, and zr=1.075. Also, the results did not show a significant difference between the effect size of treatment based on acceptance commitment therapy and integrated behavior couple therapy. Therefore, it can be said that based on the results of this meta-analysis, couples therapy based on acceptance, commitment and integrated behavior is effective in improving the marital quality components of couples.

The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of compassionate mind group training and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group training on anger management in female adolescents. In terms of purpose, the present study is a part of applied research and in terms of method, it is a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design and control group. The research population consisted of all 10th and 11th-grade female high school students in Karaj from 1300-to 1400, from which 45 people were selected as a sample. The tools of the present study included the Novaco Anger Control Questionnaire (AI) (1994). The compassionate mind group training intervention was performed during 8 sessions of 1.5 hours and the cognitive therapy group training intervention based on mindfulness was performed during 10 sessions of 1.5 hours, But the control group did not receive any intervention. The research data were analyzed by mixed analysis of variance (repeated measures). Findings showed that group training of compassionate mind and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is effective in controlling adolescent anger (P <0.05). The results also showed that there was no difference between the effectiveness of two interventions of compassionate mind group training and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy group training in anger control (p <0.05). It can be concluded that group training in compassionate mind and group training in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is effective in controlling the anger of female adolescents.

Rheumatoid arthritis is the most common inflammatory rheumatic disease. Due to its chronic course, this disease is debilitating and its chronic pain brings a lot of emotional and psychological stress that produces or aggravate disability resulting from this disease. Pain causes a serious disturbance and challenge to a person's balance at different levels, especially in cognitive functions. Medical, pharmacological, and surgical treatments are insufficient to cure rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic pain situations and have limited effect at best. Therefore, the study of related psychological variables can help improve the treatment processes and ultimately improve the quality of life of these patients. This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the relationship between attachment styles and ego strength with pain adjustment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

This research was a correlational study based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population was all the patients with rheumatoid arthritis, referred to Imam Hossein Hospital in Tehran City, Iran. Of them, 285 people were selected using the available sampling method based on the physician's diagnosis. The inclusion criteria were as follows: diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis by a specialist doctor based on medical records, ability to read and write, willingness to participate in research and respond to questionnaires, pain rate above 3 on the Pain Scoring Scale (von Baeyer, 2009). The inability to answer the questionnaires was considered as the exclusion criterion. Participants responded to the Attachment Styles Questionnaire (Hazan & Shaver, 1987), Psychosocial Inventory of Ego Strength (Markstrom & Marshall, 2007), Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Garnefski et al., 2001), and Multidimensional Pain Inventory (Kerns et al., 1985). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling at a significant level 0.05 in SPSS–23 and AMOS–22 software.

The direct effect of the attachment styles variable on pain adjustment was significant (p<0.001, β=0.61). Also, the direct effect of attachment styles on cognitive emotion regulation was significant (p<0.001, β=0.89). Regression weights of the path of the ego strength on pain adjustment were at the level of significance (p<0.001, β=0.93) and also the path of the ego strength on cognitive emotion regulation was at the level of significance (p<0.001, β=0.76). Indirect effect of attachment styles mediated by cognitive emotion regulation on pain adjustment was significant (p<0.001, β=0.89). The indirect effect of ego strength on cognitive emotion regulation mediation on pain adjustment was significant (p<0.001, β=0.76). The fit indices' results indicated the model's confirmation (p=0.415, CMIN/df=3.821, GFI=0.907, RMR=0.610, TLI=0.902, CFI=0.911, NFI=0.937, and RMSEA=0.076).

Since cognitive emotion regulation strategies have both a direct and mediating effect on pain adjustment, they can be used as an important factor in providing psychological services to patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Emotional failure is one of the most painful problems that can occur to anyone during an emotional relationship. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on negative automatic thoughts, self-criticism and rumination in students experiencing emotional failure.

In order to conduct this study, 30 students from all undergraduate students of the Islamic Azad University of Hamadan in 2019 who suffered from emotional failure were selected by Random available method and divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for eight sessions (1.5 hours) and the control group remained on the waiting list. To measure the variables, questionnaires of negative automatic thoughts, self-critical levels and rumination response were used.

Data were analyzed using Statistical method of repeated measures analysis of variance. The results showed that participation in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy sessions was significantly effective in reducing negative automatic thoughts, rumination and self-criticism in students experiencing emotional failure.

Mindfulness requires the use of special cognitive, behavioral and metacognitive strategies to focus the attention process, which in turn, lead to prevents negative moods and negative thoughts, tends to worrying responses and the growth of new perspectives and the development of thoughts and Pleasant excitement.

Of course, improvements in health, nutrition and care of life expectancy has increased in most countries, and this is associated with the development of industrial and technological. The elderly population in any society are increasing. Because elderly patients and their caregivers to help, it also is important for health care providers. This is a descriptive – analytic research and it was done in Tehran in 1391-1392. There are 200 participants (101 elders aged caregivers and 99 elder brain stork’s nurses) who randomly were choose and 120 of them are females and 67 males and we used interview and demographic questioners, depression questioner Cattle stress questioner and SF-36 life quality questioner. After collecting data, we used SPSSV.16 and Kolmogrov-Smirnov and Yumen Vitni, independent T-tests, averages Comparisons and operational several variables multivariate analysis of variance. It showed there were 50.5 percent aged caregivers and 49.5 percent brain stroke’s caregivers, 66.49percent of aged caregivers and 71.99percent of brain stroke’s caregivers had physical health, 14.22percent of aged caregivers and 13.76 percent of brain stroke’s caregivers had depression and also 36.00percent of aged caregivers and 35.04 percent of brain stroke’s caregivers had anxiety. The results of this study showed that caregivers for patient care and nursing tasks, knowledge, skills and understanding they need. Caregivers who have sufficient support to carry out the tasks of preparation, physical and psychological problems are less.