فهرست مطالب روح انگیز کراچی

Firuzabadi is one of the so called Southwestern Iranian dialects which is spoken by the residents of Firuzabad, a town located southwest of Fars province. This dialect is closely related with other fars dialects and with southern Lori dialects. Historically, Firuzabadi is derived from Middle Persian which itself is derived from Old Persian. The aim of this paper is to study the etymology of some Firuzabadi words. Finally, other equal words in Persian dialects, especially, southwestern ones are located. A comparative study is made with the cognates of the words in Middle and Old Persian as well as other Iranian languages and dialects.

There are opponents and proponents in the new debate on feminine and masculine literature. Opponents emphasize nonsexual nature of literature¡ and feminist and proponents of research from different perspectives have arrived at the conclusion that feminine and masculine literatures are different. In order to find the answer to the question “does gender affect literature”¡ we examined and analyzed the subject with different biological¡ psychological¡ sociological¡ linguistics¡ and literary approaches¡ so that different aspects of feminine and masculine literary differences can be demonstrated. A literary work is the product of mentality¡ language¡ and the impact of gender on it firstly depends on two main factors. On the one hand¡ the intrinsic female and male differences¡ as the most primitive factors¡ impact creating mental¡ behavioral¡ intellectual¡ and linguistic differences in literature¡ and on the other hand¡ the gender differences in social and cultural construct¡ which have caused prejudice¡ inequality¡ and domination of men over women. A collection of these differences has led to creation of different mental world¡ worldview¡ experience¡ thought¡ vision¡ language and writing of women and men¡ and has revealed reflection of differences in literary works at some levels of linguistics¡ style¡ context¡ theme¡ and different type of expression.

Shahrashoobs composed by Mahasti are considered as protests against eulogists and megalomaniac rulers who lived in a class-based society in which panegyrics had a certain status and the importance of rulers depended on court eulogists. This paper aims to identify the encrypted signs of this ironic act within implications of her poetry. As far as Persian culture and literature is concerned, women’s solutions have always resolved many obstacles and problems or they have illuminated the situations. These feminine behaviors are presented in Persian tales and Mahasti used them in her romantic poetry to show a reaction toward the eulogy. Regarding this fact, it can be said that her act has been a kind of illumination that changed the style of Persian poetry for a long time. Mahasti tried to protest against her contemporary poets who were praising the ruling class, thus, attempted to describe the lowest social strata. She put these two heterogeneous phenomena against each other and metaphorically directed her protest against eulogists and rulers and disparaged the eulogy. In the present article, in has been attempted to illustrate the manner and quality of such a feminine reaction and protest.

The issue discussed in this paper is the presence of women in Mathnavi narratives، which will be studied in two sections from the viewpoint of sociology of literature. The first section deals with the reflection of socio-cultural issues in Mathnavi and the second section considers the effects of Mathnavi and Mowlanal’s thoughts on women status. For clarifying the issues، three influential factors of social structure، traditional culture of the society، and the personality of the author in creating Mathnavi narratives were taken into consideration. We aim to respond to these questions: Is woman a symbolic character in Mathnavi or is she the product of the culture and thoughts of the superior man? Or does she become the main character of narratives for the sake of teaching ethical points? The present study، through using historical documents and Mowlana and his pupils’ manuscripts، explores the sociological facets and socio-political contexts as the bedrock for creation of the work، the interaction of the poet with various social levels and the existing paradox between the poet’s mentality and his action. The findings of the study reveal that the existing conflicts in depicting women resulted from the effect of mental and social structure of that era and the dominant attitudes towards woman and her status. Second، from cultural and ideological point of view، it was the product of Mowlana’s beliefs and ideologies in two different periods of his life. Third، it is the result of conscious and unconscious awareness of the poet، who as a mystic poet and orator، intended to teach his pupils through adopting a symbolic language.

Finding a relation between genre and gender, and the effect of gender on genre is the main question of the present study. The poets attitude to compose epic and poetesses desire to compose lyric is investigated in this study between the through a four hundred year period between 4 A.H. and 8 A.H. The collected data revealed that out of 20 poetesses, none of them dealt with epic, and only poets composed epic. The attempt of this research is to find the reasons why men have the tendency toward epic but not women? The result shows that internal and external factors have a significant influence on poets in selecting the genre. Internal and external factors have different effects on men and women. Biology is an internal factor which has great effect on women’s physiology and psychology making them more emotional and sensational compared to men. Society, culture and tradition considered as external factors also have effect on the types of behavior and experience men and women have.

According to the tradition and Ferdowsi’s Shāhnāma، the well-known Iranian national epic، Homay Chehrzad is the first Iranian sovereign queen of the Keyanid origin. Her life was an amalgamation of ancient Iranian myth، epic and history. She was the daughter، wife and successor to the throne of Bahman Ardeshir، son of Esfandiyār. The sovereignty of Homay was not expected by the society. Therefore، the unusual supremacy of a woman and her adopting the responsibility of the traditionally masculine office was a controversial and challenging experience. This might be the underlying reason behind the varying accounts and details associated with Homay: the eight names ascribed to her، the same identity of her father and husband، abandoning her child secretly in the river، her strange story of finding her son Darāb and different reports regarding her reign، many of which have been the subjects of hot debates in historical، feminist and epic fields. The aim of this article is to analyze various hypotheses regarding Homay’s private life and her reign within the framework of Feminist criticism. The study also intends to answer this question: Has Homey’s social status as a female sovereign caused diversity of narratives and alteration of her life events?

The Firuzabadi dialect is spoken by inhabitants of Firuzabad , a town located in Fars province. In this paper, the verb, structure, tense, conjugation, subjunctive, and imperative, etc. have been described and other subjects of this dialect need more investigations. This study has showed there are some differences in the verb (words, sound change, ending and affixation) between Firuzabadi and Persian dialects.

Sarojini Naidu, the Indian poetess and politician, plays a significant role in the destiny of the country and in demanding the women’s rights due to her independence- seeking campaigns and patriotic poems. She fought throughout her life for freedom, and is considered as a symbol of theIndia’s struggles. She awakened the women ofIndiaand re-established their self- esteem. Sarojini Naidu traveled all over India and delivered speeches on the welfare of the youth, dignity of labor, women's emancipation, and nationalism. The Indian people appreciated her activities; thus, her birthday is celebrated as women’s day in India. This study attempts to investigate briefly the female literature ofIndia, besides evaluating Naidu’s social and literary position and activities. It also tries to provide answers to such questions as: Why is the women’s day inIndiathe birthday of a campaigner poetess? What are the social conditions that she becomes a symbol of the ideal woman? What necessity makes the government officials consider an artist, intellectual, patriotic, and freedom-loving woman as an example for the women of the country?

The Purpose of writing this article is to investigate the specific manuscript Kholasatolashaar one of the Safineh Tabriz section, collected by Abolmajd Mohammad ibn Masoud, To study Presence of Poetesses in the history of Persian literature. This anthology is valuable Source same as Nozhatolmajales. I have Compare these two anthology to introduce former Poetesses from the earliest time of Persian literature.