فهرست مطالب عصمت باروتی

gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the common metabolic diseases among pregnants that needs delicate monitoring and control to improve the metabolic condition and reduce pregnancy complications. Despite scarce data on the effect of probiotic supplementation on glycemic control and serum lipids concentrations in women with GDM, probioticsupplements and their effect on pregnancy outcome has become the center of focus in research. We aim to determine the impact of probiotic supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profiles, pregnancy, and infancy outcomes in GDM patients. 

in this clinical trial study, 120 GDM patients underwent a specific diet. Patients are divided into two separate groups to receive either probiotic supplements (N=60) or a matching placebo (n=60). Through the study group, nutrition counseling performed and the patients received treatment for 6 weeks. Demographic characteristics (age of participants, gestational age, gravidity, and BMI) evaluated and serum levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), Triglyceride, Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol examined before and after the intervention, respectively. Besides, Weight of newborn infants, Apgar scores, the requirement of using insulin among pregnants, and pregnancy outcomes examined carefully. SPSS version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) software was used for statistical analysis. 

there were no significant differences in demographic characteristics criteria between the two groups. All the participants were in the early second trimester period. After 6 weeks of intervention, probiotic supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in FBS (p=0.01) and the requirement for insulin administration was significantly lower in comparison with the control group (P=0.026). In addition, we observed elevated lipid profiles in both groups. A significant rise in serum HDL (P=0.01) was seen following supplementation with the probiotics and a significantly elevated serum level of LDL was seen in the control group (P=0.01). In the group with the probiotic supplementation diet, the weight of newborn infants (P=0.001) and pregnancy complications (P=0.028) were also significantly lower in comparison with the control group.

the result of our study demonstrated that using probiotic supplements in women with GDM had beneficial effects on glycemic control, reduce the requirement of insulin treatment, serum LDL cholesterol concentration, serum HDL cholesterol concentration, and less adverse pregnancy and infancy outcomes

Today with an increasing frequency of HIV infection around the world، its epidemiological studies is becoming more important. This study aimed to evaluate the cervical smear in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients and also its association with CD4 counts among an Iranian population. In a case-control study، 247 women، 58 HIV infected cases and 189 healthy controls، were included. Liquid-based cytology cervical smears and hematologic findings were compared between cases and controls. The frequency of abnormal smear was significantly higher in cases 20. 7% compared with controls 3. 2% (p<0. 001). The mean CD4 count was significantly lower in cases with abnormal smear compared with cases with normal smear (573. 0 ± 306. 9 vs. 383. 7± 123. 6; p=0. 042). ‍ Undertaking a serious effort toward provision of gynecological care and cervical cancer screening at the same health center as HIV care، in Iranian HIV infected women is suggested.

The aim of this study was to investigate psychometric properties of General Health Questionnaire of the students. In this study, 500 students of medical universities in Tehran were selected in a relative sampling. Participants responded to the General Health Questionnaire 12 items form and interviewed by trained interviewers with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Form (CIDI). Exploratory factor analysis through principle component analysis showed the two-factor structure of this questionnaire. This questionnaire was made of two components, of which the first factor explained the greatest amount of variance. The best cut-off point of GHQ-12 questionnaire was 9, and the sensitivity, specificity, and overall classification error for the best cut-off point were81.5%, 77.1%, and 17.8%, respectively. The cut-off point with maximum sensitivity index (95.5%) was five and the maximum specificity score (95.8%) was 15. Construct validity by examining correlations between the subscales of the questionnaire together with the total score was calculated, which were strongly significantly correlated. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.92 and the split-half and Spearman-Brown reliability was 0.91. The best cut-off point for this questionnaire was 9 for two-stage studies and 15 for one-stage studies. Obtained construct validity and reliability coefficients indicate that this questionnaire is suitable for screening psychopathology in university students.

Anemia, particularly Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA), is the most common hematological disorder during pregnancy with considerable complications in both mothers and fetuses. The estimation of anemia prevalence is an important step for health policy makers. Despite being considered a hot topic in epidemiological studies in Iran for the last twenty years, lack of a comprehensive overview on the findings encouraged the authors to carry out this study. All published papers in main national and international databases were systematically searched for some specific keywords to find the related studies between the years 1993 and 2007. All published studies which had reported the prevalence of anemia were included in the study except studies on refugees, patients undergoing hemodialysis, patients with thalassemia or cancer or other selective subpopulations. Two trained reviewers independently assessed the inclusion/exclusion criteria and the quality of the selected papers, summarized them and eventually analyzed the data. Ten eligible papers including 11,037 participants were entered into the analysis. The maximum and minimum reported prevalence rates of anemia during pregnancy were 4.3% and 21.5%, respectively. The overall estimate of anemia prevalence in Iranian pregnant women was 13.6 (95% CI: 8.3 - 18.9). Excluding the only out-layer from the meta-analysis, the overall estimated prevalence was 12.4% (95% CI: 9.6% - 17.9%). The prevalence of anemia in Iranian women during pregnancy is considerably lower than that of most EMRO countries or the one reported by WHO for Iran (> 40%) which had been performed on a small group 16 years ago. The lower prevalence rate of anemia in pregnant women versus the regional rates could be due to the improvements of the national health system and prenatal programs in recent years.

The current study was designed to investigate ESI as predictors of job satisfaction, based on gender differences, to identify the effective intervention targets in Iranian office workers.Measures relevant to the above constructs were administered to 403 office workers (274 women and 129 men) in 14 provinces throughout Iran. These measures included the Persian versions of the Emotional Quotient Inventory (EQI; Bar-On, 1997), and Job Descriptive Index (JDI; Smith et al, 1969). Stepwise multivariate regression analyses were used for statistical analyses, predicting job satisfaction. There was a significant regression effect for ESI scales and job satisfaction and the best predictors of ESI for job satisfaction in men were stress tolerance, happiness, optimism, self-awareness, reality testing and flexibility, while for women the predictors were interpersonal relations, self-respect, assertion flexibility and stress tolerance Emotional social intelligence (ESI) is a significant predictor of job satisfaction. These results suggest that ESI enhancement, especially skills in mood-state control and adaptability skills like effective reality- testing for problem solving and flexibility in interpersonal relations, assertion training, and stress management leads to increased job satisfaction. The results revealed somewhat different predictors of job satisfaction for men and women. Although these results do not specifically indicate optimal treatments to enhance job satisfaction, CBT based ESI promotion programs could be applicable interventions.

The Present study was designed to investigate Social-Emotional intelligence and its components, as predictors of general mental health dimensions in adults. Bar-on Emotional Quotient Inventory and General Health Questionnaire adiministered 410 Ministry of health officers in 14 provinces throughout Iran. The EQ- i consists of 5 factors and 15 components including intrapersonal (emotional self-awareness, assertiveness, self-regard, self-actualization, independency), interpersonal (empathy, responsibility, interpersonal relations), adaptability (problem solving, reality testing, flexibility) stress management (stress tolerance, impulse control), and general mood factor (happiness, optimism). The GHQ also includes scores for somatic preoccupations, anxiety, social function, and depression. GHQ cut-off point (23) was used to differentiate less mentally healthy (N=94) and more healthy (N= 298) participants to run separate analysis. Stepwise multivariate regression analyses were used for statistical analyses. There was a significant regression effect for EI scales in less healthy group. The best predictors of EI in this group were stress tolerance for general health, impulse control and responsibility for somatic symptoms, optimism and reality testing for social function and happiness for depression, anxiety and general health. Also there was a significant regression effect between EI components and GHQ scales in more mentally healthy group. The best predictors of EI in this group were stress tolerance for all GHQ subscales and total score. Impulse control was found to be predictor of anxiety while depression could be predicted by happiness and realtiy testing was predictor of both social function and general health. Emotional intelligence (EI) is a significant predictor of general mental health, These results suggest that EI enhancement, especially stress management skills, skills in mood-state control and adaptability skills like effective reality- testing for problem solving and flexibility in interpersonal relations, leads to increased mental health. The results revealed somewhat different predictors of mental health for less healthy and more mentally healthy groups. It may also be that such programs will need to be tailored differently to less healthy and more mentally healthy individuals, to maximize intervention benefits.

The benefits of breastfeeding for both the infant and the mother are indisputable and the necessity of contraception during breast feeding is one of the most important issues in this regard. This study was conducted to evaluate the usage of minipill (progesterone only pills), its related problems, reasons for give it up and other factors. In this cross-sectional study, the contraception method, duration of minipill consumption, side effects and reasons for discontinuation were evaluated. The mean age of participants was 24.8±5.3 years old and mean number of their children was 2.2±0.8. 47% used the minipill and 41.8% gave it up during an 18-month follow up. Side effects of minipill were as follow: 71.4% bleeding disturbances, 52.3% menstrual retard, 38% vaginal discharge, 28.5% spotting, 23.8% headache and palpitation, 4.76% dwindling flow of excreted milk and mastalgia. The usage of minipill is lower than what we expect which is of great concern. Moreover, the side effects and other related problems, are important issues that should be rigorously investigated.

Pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting is a common complaint and about 80-88% of pregnant women have experienced it. This study has been conducted regarding limited drug therapy and the efficacy of acupressure and Neiguan point (po). This clinical trial of cross over type has been performed in gyneocologic clinics with randomized sampling in two phase of control and case, 1998-99. In the case phase an elastic band (Sea band) has been fastened over the wrist on p6 for 5 days, then in the control phase the same elastic band has been fastened over the same area on the other wrist to fulfil our placebo effect 100 pregnant women have been assessed where 76% were primigravid and 84% were 17-24 years old. In 58% of all cases, gestational age of 10-12 wecks has been detected. Results have implied that number, duration, and severity of nausea and the number of vomiting were significantly different in the case group. Regarding the fact that acupressure is a simple method with minimum expenses and side effects, using such a method for eliminating the number, duration, and severity of nausea and vomiting in pregnant women is strongly recommended.