فهرست مطالب فضل الله حسنی

In crop season 2012-2013 wheat genotype "Frncln/Rolf07" was introduced to Iran within an international nursery received from CIMMYT and was studied in experiment of evaluation of yield and agronomic characteristics of spring wheat genotypes in international nurseries in temperate regions. Then in 2013-2014 crop season, it was selected in a preliminary regional wheat yield trial under normal irrigation with an average yield of 8114 kgha-1 compared to the check cultivars Parsi, Sirvan, Pishtaz and sivand, respectively, with grain yield of 8.035, 8.022, 6.914 and 7.985 kgha-1. This cultivar was further investigated in the advanced regional wheat yield trial of temperate regions of the country during 2014-2015 and with average grain yield of 7093 kgha-1 compared to 6495 and 6423 kgha-1 yield of check cultivars Parsi and Sirvan, respectively, and was selected for adaptation evaluation. The average yield of M-94-15 line in temperate climate adaptation experiment during the 2015-2017 crop season under normal conditions was 7231 kgha-1 verses 6688 kgha-1 of Parsi cultivar and 6574 kgha-1 of Baharan cultivar and in general, total mean grain yield was 3% higher than the average of whole genotypes. Due to the good condition of M-94-15 line reaction to stripe rust (O-30MR) and leaf rust (O-30MSS) diseases, as well as the resistance to grain shattering and good bread making quality, this line was selected for study at the level of farmers' fields. Wheat line M-94-15 based on its favorable agronomic characteristics, suitable earliness and good bread making quality was released in 2019 as Farin for cultivation in temperate agro-climatic regions.

The genotype and environment interaction is one of the main challenges in the breeding of different crop plants and causes different genotypes to perform differently under different environments. Assessment of genotypes and environment interaction for quantitative traits such as grain yield is very important for development of new improved cultivars.

Nineteen barley promising lines together with a commercial barley cultivar (cv. Behrokh as check) were evaluated across eight agricultural research stations in Karaj, Varamin, Neishabour, Mashhad, Birjand, Yazd, Isfahan and Shiraz (Zarghan) in 2020-21 and 2021-22 cropping seasons. Combined analysis of variance was performed for grain yield, andGGE bi-plot graphic analysis used fore the assessment of grain yield stability of barley promising lines.

The results of combined analysis of variance showed that the effects of location, genotype, year × location and genotype × year × location interaction effect were significant on grain yield. Mean comparison, using LSD test, showed that promising lines; No. 3, No. 4, No. 11, No. 12 and No. 13 with grain yield of 6673, 6663, 6412, 6340 and 6249 kg.ha-1, respectively, were high yielding compared with cv. Behrokh as well as others. The grain yield stability analysis facilitated to identify promising lines with with high grain yield and yield stability. In the first year lines; No. 3, No. 4 and No. 11, in the second year lines; No. 4 and No. 12 and in the two years lines; No. 3 and No. 4 were close to the ideal genotype.

Barley promising lines; No. 3 and No.4 were identified as high yielding with high yield stability. These promising lines are adapted to temperate agro-climatic condition in Iran and can be used in irrigated barley breeding programs. Of the eight test locations, Karaj was the most discriminative and representative environment. Therefore, this location can be recommended as a suitable test location for the selection of superior genotypes adapted temperate agro-climate conditions in Iran.

Quantifying genotype × environment interaction effect and yield stability under different environmental conditions is very important challenge in plant breeding programs. The aim of this study was to quantify genotype × environment interaction effect on grain yield and grain yield stability of barley promising lines in temperate regions of Iran. Nineteen promising barley lines (G1-G19) along with one check cultivar (Behrokh), were evaluated at eight agricultural research stations (Karaj, Varamin, Birjand, Neishabour, Mashhad, Zarghan, Isfahan and Yazd) in 2016-17 and 2017-18 cropping cycles. The experimental design at all locations was randomized complete block with three replications. Combined analysis of variance and grain yield stability and compatibility analysis performed using GGE biplot method. The results of GGE biplot showed that the first component and second component explained 30.16% and 28.22% (overall 58.38%) of the total variation, respectively. The average grain yield of barley promising lines in all field stations varied from 5208 to 5870 kg.ha-1. In GGE biplot polygon, superior genotypes were identified in each mega environment. Among environments, Karaj could be considered as the closest environment to the ideal environment. Comparison of barley promising lines with ideal genotype identified G7 as the closest genotype to ideal genotype. Also the closest genotypes to G7 were G5, G13, G20 and G4. These barley promising lines had high grain yield, wide adaptation and grain yield stability in temperate regions of Iran. Among these genotypes, promising line(s) that maintained high grain yield and desirable agronomic characteristics compared to control cultivar can be selected as candidate line(s) for further verification in on-farm trials, and if proved superior for being released as commercial cultivars.

This study was conducted with the objective of analyzing genotype × environment (GE) interaction on grain yield of 20 bread wheat promising lines. The experiment carried out using randomized complete blocks design with three replications in eight experimental stations in temperate regions of Iran in two cropping seasons (2015-2017). To assess the yield stability and adaptability of genotypes non-parametric ranking statistic and some univariate stability statistics as well as GGE biplot method were used. Combined analysis of variance revealed that genotype × year × location and year × location interaction effects on grain yield were significant. Mean comparison showed that promising lines; G16, G12, G10 and G15 had the highest grain yield, respectively. Nonparametric ranking analysis showed that genotypes; G4, G12, G14, G15 and G16 with the lowest ranks and standard deviation of ranks had the highest yield stability. The GGE biplot analysis differentiated environments into three sub-environmental groups with top-yielding genotypes. Using GGE biplot showed that genotypes; G2, G3, G13, G14, G18, G4 and G1 had higher grain yield stability, respectively. Based on non-parametric ranking statistic and GGE biplot, genotype G14 was identified as genotype with highest yield stability. According to the results of this tsudy genotypes G14: KAUZ/LUCO-M//PVN/STAR/3/Yaco/2*Parus/4/Pishtaz (Amin), G15: FRNCLN/ROLF07 (Farin), and G16: MUU/KBIRD had high grain yield potential and stability performance and have been recommended for release as new cultivars for the temperate agro-climatic zone of Iran.

In this study, adaptability and grain yield stability of 18 bread wheat promising lines and two commercial cultivars (Parsi and Baharan) were evaluated using randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2015-17 cropping seasons in eight experimental stations; Karaj, Kermanshah, Zarghan, Broujerd and Mashhad (under normal irrigation), Neishabour, Isfahan and Varamin (cessation of irrigation at the 50% heading stage), Iran. Combined analysis of variance showed significant genotype × year × location and year × location interaction effects on grain yield. Due to the significant effects of these interactions, the grain yield stability of genotypes as well as genotypes × environments interaction effects were evaluated using non-parametric ranking statistic and AMMI multivariate stability analysis. Mean comparison of grain yield showed that promising lines 16, 12, 10 and 15 had the highest grain yield, respectively. Non-parametric ranking analysis showed that promising lines; 4, 12, 14, 15 and 16 with the lowest ranks and standard deviation of ranks had the highest grain yield stability, respectively. By using biplot graphic of the first two components of AMMI, genotypes 2, 4, 13 and 14 were identified as genotypes with high yield stability, respectively, which also had the least AMMI stability values. Considering grain yield and other agronomic characteristics, promising lines; 14, 15 and 16 that had high grain yield and yield stability and were selected for being released as new commercial cultivars in temperate regions of Iran.

The temperate climate zone has a major role in barley production in Iran. Therefore, the release of high potential varieties with proper adaptability and yield stability is one of the most important breeding objectives in this climate zone. Armaghan variety with pedigree of Legia//Rhn/Lignee 527, was derived from a cross with the aim of high yield potential and proper adaptationin in 2001-2002 that was made in Cereals Research Department in Seed and Plant Improvement Institute. In order to study the yield stability and adaptability of the elite barley lines, Armaghan and other genotypes including barley cultivar Nosrat as check were evaluated in eight locations for two years and their grain yields were compared. Results indicated that Armaghan with 8362 kgha-1had higher grain yield compared to other genotypes and check cultivar Nosrat with yield of 7857 kgha-1. Results of on-farm trials showed that Armaghan variety with a mean grain yield of 6584 kgha-1compared to check cultivar Nosrat with grain yield of 6019 kgha-1, had yield increase of 565 kgha-1(more than 9%). Armaghan variety has a spring growth habit, six-row spike, average plant height of 93 cm, and 1000 kernel weight of 44 g. This variety showed infection response of semi-resistant to semi-susceptible to powdery mildew, resistant to semi-susceptible infection response to leaf strip and infection response of 0-50MS to yellow rust.

In order to evaluate the performance of bread (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum) wheat genotypes under drought stress conditions after anthesis and determination of the most suitable quantitative drought stress tolerance indices, this investigation was performed during 2011-12 and 2012-13 cropping season in Zarghan Agricultural Research Station. A number of 168 wheat lines/cultivars (166 bread wheat and 2 durum wheat) were evaluated in alpha lattice experiment with two replications under stress (no irrigation after anthesis) and full irrigation conditions. Results showed that Seymareh, Roshan and Yecora Rojo cultivars , under full irrigation and Seymareh, Roshan and Kapeti under stress conditions had maximum grain yield. With respect to positive and significant correlation of Harmonic Mean (HARM), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Stress Tolerance index (STI), Mean Productivity (MP), Drought Resistance Index (DI), Yield Index (YI), Modified Stress Tolerance Index for stress (MSTIs) and Modified Stress Tolerance Index for irrigated conditions (MSTIp), with grain yield under stress (Ys) and full irrigation (Yp) conditions, this indices introduced as the best screening criteria in the experiment situations. Screening of drought tolerant genotypes was performed using Mean Rank and Rank standard deviation of selected indices, and Biplot analysis with regard to Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Finally, cultivars/lines of Seymareh, Roshan, Kapeti, Akbari and DN11 introduced as the most tolerant genotypes.

This study was carried out to identify the number of resistance genes and mode of inheritance to yellow rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici among selected elite genotypes of 2000-2002 and several commercial wheat cultivars. The wheat elite genotypes and cultivars were crossed to susceptible parent Avocet S. F1 populations were grown to produce F2 and F3 generations in the successive years. For genetic analysis, two F3 families from each cross at adult plant stage in the field and one F3 family of cross Bahar/Avocet S at seedling stage in the greenhouse along with parents, some of the commercial and control cultivars were examined to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici pathotype 166E138A+ (that was the dominant yellow rust race in Fars province). Genetic analysis showed that elite genotypes including M-79-4, M-79-5, M-79-18, M-80-13, M-80-20, M-81-5, and the cultivar Darab 2, and elite genotypes S-78-11 and S-79-10 each had one adult plant resistance gene. The elite genotypes M-80-6, M-80-12, M-81-8, M-81-13 and M-81-15 were shown to confer two adult plant resistance genes. The resistance in elite genotypes M-79-17, M-81-18, M-80-4 and M-80-5 and cultivar Nik­Nejad each was controlled by two dominant genes at least one of which operated at the seedling stage. The cultivar Bahar was shown to have one seedling and one adult plant resistance gene. The elite genotypes M-79-13 and M-81-3 and the cultivar Star were shown to lack any resistance genes at both seedling and adult plant stages. Past experiences with wheat rusts indicate that relying on single resistance genes particularly those with seedling resistance genes that were also identified in some of the cultivars and elite lines in the present research are usually short lived and mostly encounter with the danger of breaking of resistance in a short period (4-5 years) of time. Deployment of resistance genes of Nik­Nejad cultivar and those elite lines that carried two adult plant resistance genes is recommended in breeding programs in order to produce resistant cultivars with more longevity.

This study was performed for determine stability of the 18 promising barley lines and two check lines Nosrat and MB-86-5 in Six parts of the temperate zone including Karaj، Isfahan، Birjand، Varamin، Zarghan and Nishapur based on randomized complete block design)RCBD (with three replications and in two cropping seasons (2009-2011). Following combined analysis، grain yield stability assessment was performed using graphical multivariate GGE biplot analysis. Genotypes 1، 2، 16، 5 had very high yield stability. This method was reveald three mega- environments including 1. Karaj، Varamin and Zarghan، 2. Nishapur and Birjand and 3. Isfahan. Superior genotypes 2، 16 and 5 identified for these three mega-environments، Results of this study showed genotype 2 (Kavir Kavir / / Badia Badia / 3 / Torsh Torsh /cr. 279-07/ / 9cr. 279-07 / Bgs Bgs /4/ / 4 / Karoon Karoon / / Kavir Kavir) with an average yield of 6. 626 tons per ha and genotype 16 (ZBL-2640) with an average yield of 6. 438 tons per ha as stable genotypes after check genotype1 with an average yield of 6. 492 tons per ha.