فهرست مطالب یعقوب صرافی

The objective of this study was to investigate the antifungal effects of liquid smoke from tobacco waste on three plant pathogenic fungi and identification and measurement of compounds effective on the antifungal properties of liquid smoke. The waste was pyrolyzed in furnace in the absence of oxygen, and smoke was converted to liquid smoke by refrigerant. Antifungal effects of liquid smoke were tested against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani and Phytophthora nicotianae causing tobacco sore shin, collar rot and black shank disease agents, respectively. Six concentrations of the liquid smoke 0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 ppm were prepared and mixed with culture medium. The results of variance analysis showed that the effect of liquid smoke, concentration and the interaction of liquid smoke on concentration in limiting the fungal growth were significant at 1% probability level. Mean comparison of the effect of liquid smoke on these fungi showed that liquid smoke of 25% midrib + 75% scrap pyrolysis in 4000 ppm concentration had 100 percent mycelial growth control on the above fungi. In addition, the liquid smoke pyrolysis of above treatment in low concentrations caused 100 percent mycelia growth control of Rhizoctonia and Sclerotinia. According to research reports, the presence of phenolic compounds, organic acids and alkaloids constituents in liquid smoke is an agent of antifungal effects. Therefore, extraction of these constituents from liquid smoke was carried out and qualitative analysis was done by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and quantitative analysis of total phenol and alkaloids was done by spectrophotometer method. The results of this research showed that the effects of alkaloids constituents on the control of fungi were more than phenolic and organic acids constituents in liquid smoke from tobacco waste. The results showed the high potential of the liquid smoke of pyrolysis to be used as a biological control of pathogenic fungi.

In the present study, Pimpinella affinis was collected from Dodangeh region in Sari (Mazandaran province in Iran). The ethyl acetate extract of leaves of the plant was fractionated byn column chromatography method. THEN,two phytosterols as β-sitosterol (1) and daucosterol (2) were identified using mass (EI-MS) and NMR (1H- NMR and 13C- NMR) spectrometry techniques. These natural sterols have specific biological properties such as anti-HIV, anti-cancer and anti-cholesterol. This study introduced P. affinis as a good source of useful phytosterols. Native people widely use this plant as a vegetable and so the results of this study can be useful for nutrition scientists.

Pimpinella affinis (Apiaceae family) is a vegetable in the north of Iran.
This study was conducted to investigate antibacterial activity of Pimpinella affinis (against E. coli and S. aureus) and separate its active fractions.
Antibacterial activities of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of leaves of P. affinis (against E. coli and S. aureus) were measured using broth microdilution method in MIC. Subsequently, the ethyl acetate extract was separated in to 29 fractions using column chromatography and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Also, antibacterial activities of the fractions have been measured.
According to the results, among the extracts, ethyl acetate extract showed the best activities against E. coli and S. aureus (MICs=1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml, respectively). Also, among the obtained fractions from ethyl acetate extract, F3-F5, F8 and F9 showed best inhibitory activities (MIC=5.0μg/ml, P The results showed that the Gram positive S. aureus is more sensitive to the extracts than the Gram negative E. coli. Also, partitioning of the ethyl acetate extract leaded to obtain antibacterial fractions (F3-F5, F8 and F9) with 200-fold more active than the ethyl acetate extract.

Synthesis of 3-hydroxy cefuroxime antibiotic has been reported using 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) and 2-furanyl-Z-2-methoxy iminoacetic acid salt. Synthesis of this compound was carried out in three steps with good yield; omitting acetyl group or in fact hydrolysis of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) to produce 7-amino-3-hydroxy methyl cephalosporanic acid and then chlorination of 2-furanyl-Z-2-methoxy imino acetic acid salt by phosphorus pentachloride and finally coupling of 7-amino-3-hydroxy methyl cephalosporanic acid and 2-furanyl-Z-2-methoxy imino acetyl chloride.

Synthesis of 3-hydroxy cefuroxime antibiotic has been reported using 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) and 2-furanyl-Z-2-methoxy iminoacetic acid salt. Synthesis of this compound was carried out in three steps with good yield; omitting acetyl group or in fact hydrolysis of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) to produce 7-amino-3-hydroxy methyl cephalosporanic acid and then chlorination of 2-furanyl-Z-2-methoxy imino acetic acid salt by phosphorus pentachloride and finally coupling of 7-amino-3-hydroxy methyl cephalosporanic acid and 2-furanyl-Z-2-methoxy imino acetyl chloride.