فهرست مطالب abdolghani ameri

In the present work, Se and Mn analysis was carried out among some popular Iranian herbal drops to monitor a possible accumulation of adverse elements. In this study, five different herbal drops present in Iranian market were selected, and 45 samples of each (totally 225 samples) were collected, and analyzed for the presence and determination of selenium and manganese using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Samples were prepared by the dry ashing method at 450 °C, and the residue was dissolved in nitric acid. Se and Mn contents were determined using calibration curves at wavelength 196.0 and 279.5 nm respectively. LOD of the methods were determined as 9.1 µgL-1 for Se and 0.9 µgL-1 for Mn. LOQs were calculated to be 30.0 and 3.0 µgL-1 for Se and Mn, respectively. The Se concentrations in the determined samples were between ND-21.0 µgL-1 and for Mn were in the range of 7.2-1840.7 µgL-1. Mean Se and Mn concentrations (µgL-1) were 4.7 and 43.7 for Vitagnus, 9.6 and 185.1 for Hypiran, 13.3 and 338.5 for Carminat, 21.0 and 1840.7 for Persica, and ND and 7.2 for Menthol, respectively. The results showed that Mn was present in all of the samples analyzed, but no selenium was detected in some herbal drop samples.

The application of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents in food and pharmaceutical products has recently become a trend due to the high demand for them from consumers. Postbiotics are bioactive compounds that are produced when the healthy bacteria in the gut ferment fiber.

This study aimed to compare the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of postbiotics from 5 different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) including Lactiplantibacillus fermentum, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lactiplantibacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus casei, and Lactobacillus acidophilus.

Two different methods were adopted to obtain postbiotics (M1 and M2). M1 was the simple method in which the centrifugation was employed while in M2 method, ethyl acetate was used to obtain postbiotics. Agar disc diffusion, minimum inhibition concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration were used to assess the antimicrobial activity of postbiotics. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) test was performed in order for investigating the antioxidant property.

The best results were recorded for L. casei compared to other LABs. Highest values of the agar disc diffusion method were obtained for L. casei. The inhibition zones for Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus, for examples, were 22 mm, 20 mm, and 19 mm, respectively. The postbiotic of L. casei also exhibited the most potent antioxidant activity among other probiotic bacteria. The data showed that M2 was a more effective method than the other method for acquiring postbiotics.

It was recommended LABs postbiotics should be applied as antioxidant, antimicrobial, and preservatives in food and pharmaceutical industries due to their desired effects and natural characteristics.

Side effects of chemical preservatives and drug resistance have raised interest in use of herbal products. This study aimed to examine the chemical composition and antibacterial effects ofCuminum cyminum, Mentha spicata, and Mentha longifolia essential oils individually and in combination with sodium benzoate against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia enterocolitica. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Disc diffusion and microdilution assays were used for in vitro antimicrobial screening. The main components were cumin aldehyde, carvone, and pulegone in C. cyminum, M. spicata, and M. longifolia essential oils, respectively. Antibacterial data analysis showed significant differences between different antibacterial effects of essential oils individually and in combination withsodium benzoate. In terms of individual effects, antibacterial effect of M. longifolia and C. cyminum essential oilswere the highest against methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Y. enterocolitica, respectively. The antibacterial effects of sodium benzoate combined with essential oils showed significant differences with the individual effect of sodium benzoate in most cases. The results indicated that the combined effect of these essential oils with sodium benzoate could reduce the use of sodium benzoate as an antimicrobial agent, which could decrease its possible side effects. Thus, for more significant effects, these essential oils could be combined with other agents for the preservation of drug and food products.

One of the most important health challenges is to deal with infectious diseases due to their high prevalence. Since resistance of pathogens to antimicrobial compounds is rising, more studies are performed to develop new antimicrobial agents. Herbs are one of the best sources to achieve the goal.

The current study aimed at examining the possible antibacterial activity of the barberry root and fennel seed extracts individually and in combination with sodium diacetate and nisin against Escherichia coli O157:H7.

Extract of the barberry root and fennel seed were prepared by soaking in ethanol 80% and analyzed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively. Antimicrobial activity of the extracts was detected by disk diffusion and broth microdilution methods in triplicate.

Nisin showed the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli O157:H7 followed by the extracts of barberry root and fennel seed, and sodium diacetate. The data were consistent with the results of the disk diffusion test. Moreover, a significant difference was observed between antibacterial activity of nisin and sodium diacetate individually, and in combination with the extracts.

The results of the current study showed that the inhibitory effects of sodium diacetate and nisin combined with barberry root and fennel seed extracts were higher compared to their individual effects; it leads to the application of lower amounts of sodium diacetate and nisin in combination with herbal extracts and highly prevents their individual side effects such as toxicity and organoleptic changes.

Marine organisms such as Echinoderms have secondary metabolites, which are antimicrobial naturally. Various extracts of echinoderms organs possess pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory functions.

The purpose of this research was to assay the Persian Gulf sea urchin secondary metabolites for antimicrobial effectiveness.

Sea urchins (Echinometra mathaei) were collected from the Boushehr tide coasts, Persian Gulf. Gonads, gut, tests, shell, and spines were carefully dissected from sea urchins, washed with tap water, and separated for the extraction procedure. All organs were extracted with 1:3 volumes (v/w) of methanol, chloroform, and n-hexane by maceration method for 72 hours at room temperature. The antimicrobial activity of the sea urchin tissue extracts was tested by well diffusion agar method.

All extracts of the sea urchin E. mathaei at 50 mg/mL concentration exhibited in vitro antimicrobial activity against Gramnegative and Gram-positive bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis, and two fungi, including Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The antibacterial activity of the sea urchin extracts varied with the solvent used for the bacterial strains.

The results clearly showed the high antimicrobial activity of test and spines of the Persian Gulf sea urchin extracts against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Due to the synthetic and chemical nature of antibiotics and the phenomenon of body resistance against them, using herbal compounds to cure infections and diseases are being noticed a lot, today. In this study, extracting the herbs was done by soaking in 80% ethanol. Berberis Vulgaris (Barberry root)by HPTLC and Foeniculum vulgare (F. vulgare). Mill (Fennel seed)by GC/MS methods were analyzed. Disk diffusion and micro dilution methods were used to detection of the antibacterial effect in triplicate. Minimal of inhibitory concentration (MIC) between the antibacterial effects of Berberis vulgaris (B. vulgaris) and F. vulgare Mill extracts individually and combined with nisin and sodium diacetate showed a significant difference against Yersinia enterocolitica. Among the studied factors, nisin had the most antibacterial effect and followed by the extract of B. vulgaris and F. vulgare Mill respectively. The antibacterial effect of sodium diacetate against Y. enterocolitica was the lowest. These results were almost consistent with those achieved by disk diffusion method. Our results indicated that MIC of sodium diacetate and nisin combined with the extracts of B. vulgaris and F. vulgare mill had a remarkable decrease compared to each one's effect individually (P<0.05). Results were similar about minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC), which showed simultaneous usage of sodium diacetate with these extracts can decrease the use of sodium diacetate a lonely and its complications. Moreover, combined consumption of extracts with nisin decreases the use of the extracts and the resultant organoleptic changes.

Side effects of chemical preservatives and drug resistance have raised interests in the use of natural preservatives derived from plants. The aim of this study was to examine possible antibacterial effects of Mentha spicata L., Cuminum cyminum L. and Mentha longifolia L. essential oils (EOs) individually and in combination with sodium benzoate against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. In this experimental study, the EOs were obtained and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods were used for in vitro antibacterial screening in triplicate. Data analysis was performed by the SPSS software using ANOVA and independent sample t-test. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between different antibacterial effects of EOs individually and in combination with sodium benzoate. Considering the individual effects of these factors, the antibacterial effect of sodium benzoate and Cuminum cyminum essential oil were the highest against E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes, respectively. These results are relatively consistent with the disc diffusion test. The antibacterial effects of sodium benzoate in combination with EOs showed significant differences in comparison to sodium benzoate effect individually in most situations (P < 0.05). The results indicated that these EOs have a good antibacterial activity and combined with sodium benzoate could reduce the use of sodium benzoate as a chemical preservative in food, cosmetic, and drug products, which can decrease the possible side effects of it.

The basic method in prevention of oral disorders and hygiene of an oral cavity is control of plaque growth and germ accumulation on teeth and gingivae. Mouthwashes are most common topical solutions against plaque formation. Although there are many antimicrobial agents in use, only a few have shown clinical effectiveness. Furthermore, their long-term use may lead to several side effects. Therefore, utilizing natural antimicrobial agents such as probiotics may be an effective way to overcome the problem. The purpose of the present investigation was to design a mouthwash formulation containing probiotic extract.
Standard strains of 4 main oral pathogenic bacteria, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarus, Actinomyces viscosus, and Actinomyces neoslandi were utilized to evaluate the product antimicrobial activity. Lactobacillus casei was cultured in standard medium and its antibacterial effectiveness was evaluated by the spot-test. Each pathogen suspension was inoculated separately on plates containing specific media. Lyophilized probiotic extract (LPE) was prepared in a specific temperature condition and poured in wells. After incubation, the samples growth inhibition zone was measured. Mouthwash formulations containing different concentrations of LPE, Glycerin, and Sorbitol were prepared and based to their physic-chemical properties as well as their long-term stability. The best formulation was chosen and flavorant and sweetener were added. Well-diffusion method was utilized and their mean diameters of growth inhibition was recorded and compared to that of chlorhexidine and a blank Glycerin-Sorbitol solution as positive and negative controls, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of each formulation were investigated by the macro-dilution method and the formulation with maximum antibacterial activity was determined.
Well-diffusion experiment showed that chlorhexidine mouthwash is stronger than 1% - 4% containing LPE formulations, while there was no significant difference between 5% LPE formulation and the positive control (P > 0.05). There was no growth in the inhibition zone. For negative control, MIC studies proved that 5% LPE and chlorhexidine formulations were similar and their maximum and minimum activities were A. neoslandi and S. salivarous, respectively.
The findings in the present study proved that the 5% LPE formulation is as effective as the chlorhexidine solution and may be utilized as a natural safe mouthwash.

This study aimed to screen Thais savignyi whole body extracts for antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of some human pathogenic bacteria and analyze its biochemical compounds, including carbohydrate, proteins, alkaloids, cholesterol, unsaturated fatty acids, as well as functional groups and elements.
Well agar diffusion was used for screening of acetone and methanol extracts against clinical isolates of E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. Biuret and SDS-PAGE methods were applied for quantitative and qualitative protein evaluation. Anthrone method was used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of carbohydrates. Wagner and Mayer's reagents were employed for alkaloid screening. The Liebermann-Burchard test was performed for the detection of cholesterol, infrared for identifying functional groups, and Dumas method for elemental analysis.
Acetone and methanol crude extracts at 0.2 mg/mL concentration inhibited the growth of all the test bacteria; however, the methanol extract was more effective than the acetone extract. The maximum zone of inhibition of the methanol extract was observed against B. cereus (16 mm). Minimal inhibitory concentration of the most effective fraction ranged between 12.5 and 100 µg/mL. Elemental analysis of the bioactive fraction showed 41.55% carbon, 9.49% hydrogen, 6.13% nitrogen, and 1.64% sulfur. IR spectra confirmed the presence of aliphatic, alkenes, secondary amines, and disulfide groups in the most effective fraction of methanol extract of Thais savignyi. Carbohydrate and protein analysis revealed 4.5% carbohydrate and 9% protein. SDS-PAGE disclosed 5 separate bands with 70, 53, 41, 30, and 22 kilodaltons. Wagner and Mayer test showed the presence of alkaloids; mercuric and iodine solutions indicated the presence of unsaturated fatty acids; cholesterol was detected by Liebermann-Burchard reaction and Salkowski test.
The findings of this study suggest that Thais savignyi has antibacterial potential and can be recommended as a source of bioactive compounds of medicinal value.

Topical drug delivery is a painless route of drug administration. Skin is one of the most easily accessible parts of human body for topical administration and also is a main route of topical drug delivery system. There are different skin diseases and infections caused by fungus. An antifungal compound is a pharmaceutical fungicide used to treat mycoses such as dermatophytes which have the ability to attack keratinized tissues and used keratin cause dermatophytosis, the most common human contagious fungal disease. Because of drug resistance, side effects and cytotoxicity associated with long-term treatment with antifungal drugs, finding new useful drugs to treat fungal infections is necessary.
The purpose of the present study was to formulate topical gel containing stabilized extract of Lactobacillus as an antidermatophytic preparation and evaluate its physicochemical properties.
Lactobacillus casei was cultured in MRS anaerobically and then its extract was collected by separating the bacterial cells with centrifugation. Firstly, antifungal activity of the extract against four dermatophyte species (Tricophyton rubrum, Tricophyton verocosum, Microsporum canis, and Microsporum gypseum) was done using the well-plate method. The macrodilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the probiotic extract in the range of 0.0625 mg/mL to 1 mg/mL. To select the best gel formulation, one general formula was considered and then corrected by changing the polymer ratio. Gel formulations were characterized for monotonousness, probiotic extract content, pH determination, viscosity measurement, grittiness and antifungal activity in comparison to topical cream of clotrimazole 1%.
The results showed the same effect of the probiotic extract against 4 pathogens; however, the greatest average zone of inhibition was measured 34 mm against T. rubrum. The MIC test showed that stabilized probiotic extract had more antidermatophyte effect compared to supernatant (P The results of this study show that the beneficial effect of Lactobacillus casei is related to its metabolites. A formulated gel shows a significant antidermatophytosis activity compared to clotrimazole.

The aim of this study was to insert nitrofurazone in a chitosan membrane to be used as a wound dressing. Several blend films using chitosan (Cs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), containing nitrofurazone were prepared by means of casting/solvent evaporating technique. Different characteristics such as mechanical properties, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), oxygen permeability (OP), swelling ability (SW), differential scanning calorimetric (DSC), drug release profiles and antibacterial activity of the films were investigated. The results showed that nitrofurazone decreased tensile strength, OP and SW of Cs films, while increased WVTR. Addition of PVA at any concentration improved mechanical properties, reduced WVTR, and increased OP and SW of nitrofurazone-loaded Cs films. The latter films showed higher activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa than drug-free chitosan films. The presence of PVA improves many properties of Cs-nitrofurazone films and makes them more desirable as dressing material for burn wounds. Although nitrofurazone alone is ineffective against P. aeruginosa, it is able to increase antibacterial effect of chitosan in composite films

Emergence of antimicrobial resistance toward a number of conventional antibiotics has triggered the search for antimicrobial agents from a variety of sources including the marine environment.. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Holothuria leucospilota from Qeshm and Kharg Islands against some selected bacteria and fungi.. In this investigation, sea cucumbers from two coastal cities of Persian Gulf were collected in March and May 2011 and identified by the scale method according to the food and agriculture organization of the United Nations. Antibacterial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of the body wall, cuvierian organs and coelomic fluid, methanol, chloroform, and n-hexane extracts of the body wall were evaluated by the spot test. In addition, their antifungal activity was assessed by the broth dilution method.. The displayed effect was microbiostatic at concentrations of 1000 and 2000 µg/mL rather than microbicidal. The highest activity of hydroalcoholic extracts was exhibited by body wall, cuvierian organs and coelomic fluid against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Aspergillus niger, A. fumigatus, A. flavus and A. brasilensis. However, none of the methanol, chloroform and n-haxane extracts showed appreciable effects against Shigella dysenteriae, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus cereus, S. epidermidis and Candida albicans. Moreover, cuvierian organs did not possess any antifungal potential.. Our data indicated that water-methanol extracts from the body wall of H. leucospilota possess antibacterial and antifungal activity. However, additional and in-depth studies are required to isolate and identify the active component(s)..

Throughout the world, there has been an increasing incidence of fungal infections, and because of drug resistance and toxicity associated with long-term treatment with antifungal drugs search for new drugs to treat fungal infections is ongoing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical properties and stability of creams containing different concentrations of Zataria multiflora extract as anti-dermatophyte preparations. First, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of methanolic extract of aerial parts of Z. multiflora was assayed against various dermatophytes by in vitro tube dilution technique (MIC=0.5%). To select the best cream formulation, one general formula of cleansing cream was considered and then corrected. The best base formula was chosen according to its monotonousness, straightness and external attractiveness. Formulations containing 1, 2 or 3% of the plant extracts were prepared. Finally, a cream containing 10% bees wax, 58.8% liquid paraffin, 1.2% hard paraffin, 5% spermaceti, 1% borax, 1.4% tween 80, 0.15% methyl paraben, 0.15% lactic acid, 0.05% propyl paraben, 2% Zataria extract and water was chosen as the best formulation. The final product was a W/O cream with suitable appearance and desirable physicochemical stability.