فهرست مطالب mohamadreza mahzounieh

Objective:

 Evaluation of possible contamination of sole ulcers with digital dermatitis Treponema spp

Design:

 Clinical detection Animals- Thirty-three cows with sole ulcer lesion.

Procedures:

Hoof trimmings were done by professional veterinarian hoof trimmer on a regular basis. Sole ulcer and digital dermatitis recorded as a wounded lesion in zone 4 and 10 of the hooves during hoof trimming and recorded in special sheets. A total of Thirty-three tissue samples from sole ulcers in zone 4 of digits were taken and the 16S rRNA gene was followed by PCR assay.

Results:

Annual incidence of clinical digital dermatitis recorded as 7.1 percent as the second prevalent digital lesion in the farm following sole ulcer. Treponema spp . was found in 42 percent of the samples, none of the positive samples show concurrent lesion of digital dermatitis and sole ulcer.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance:

Since no concurrent lesions were found in sole ulcer samples, finding Treponema spp. in tissues may be a result of the possible pathogenic presence of the bacteria in this region. Multifactorial causes of sole ulcer make different clinical presentations for the lesion and a microbial cause for the sole ulcer that led to non-healing ulcers were reported.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have physical and surface properties that could threaten human and environmental health. AgNPs are classified as ‘very toxic’ to eukaryotic organisms and are less toxic to bacteria. The aim of the present study was to study the effects of different sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of AgNPs on some virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus as a pathogenic bacterial model.

Tube double serial dilution method was used to determine MIC of AgNPs against standard strain and ten field isolates of S. aureus. Tube cultures of isolates in LB broth were supplemented with different concentrations of AgNPs and were incubated at 37 °C with constant shaking under aerobic conditions. Samples from each tube were streaked on blood agar plates and assay for hemolysins, coagulase and DNase production were performed.

The MIC of AgNPs against all examined isolates was determined as 50 µg/mL. The results showed that 1/2, 1/4 and 1/8 MIC of AgNPs had no negative effect on DNase and coagulase production but inhibited alpha- and beta-hemolysin production in most isolates (64-91%). In addition, production of delta-hemolysin was inhibited by 1/2 MIC of AgNPs.

The effects of sub-MIC of AgNPs on bacterial growth appear at 4-8 hours post-exposure and then the bacteria follow a normal growth trend. This toxic effect may affect ecosystems species.

Biocides (disinfectants) are crucial for controlling various infections and are widely used in environments for the control of microorganisms. Exposure of bacteria to biocides can select for mutants with decreased biocide susceptibility that often display a decrease in susceptibility to antibiotics.
The present work was done during 14 months from February 2015, at the microbiology laboratory of the Veterinary college of Shahrekord university with the aim of investigating the impact of benzalkonium chloride exposure on antibiotic resistance in some common nosocomial pathogens.
Standard strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used, and in parallel to each standard strain four hospital isolates collected from Shahrekord and Esfahan hospitals were examined. Tube double serial dilution method was used for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics and Benzalkonium Chloride (BKC). Spontaneous mutants were developed by exposure of examined species to BKC, and their mean MICs to examined drugs were evaluated.
The mean MICs of the BKC and antibiotics used in this study were not similar between the parent and mutant strains of the examined isolates. In E. coli, A. baumannii and S. aureus isolates, differences between the mean MICs of BZK and ciprofloxacin had a similar pattern and were statistically significant (P Vast use of BKC in various environments and their accumulation represents a potential risk for selective pressure towards selection of bacteria with decreased antibiotic susceptibility.

Companion animals, such as cat and dog, are potential sources of transmissible diseases to humans, especially children. They harbor zoonotic agents in gastrointestinal tracts as carriers which are capable of infecting their owners. Salmonella and Yersinia bacteria are considered as frequent causes of illness in children. This study was aimed at finding out the prevalence rate of infection in apparently healthy dogs and cats in Tehran, Iran.
A total of 100 rectal swabs from dogs and cats were analyzed by a multiplex PCR method with specific primers for detection of Yersinia and Salmonella species.
Fifteen samples (4 cats and 11 dogs) were positive for Yersinia and 20 samples (9 cats and 11 dogs) were positive for Salmonella. So the prevalence rate of Yersinia was 8% in cats and 22% in dogs and the prevalence rates of Salmonella were 18 and 22% in cats and dogs respectively.
Discussion and According to the results, Yersinia and Salmonella were detected in 8- 22% of pet animals without any clinical signs. The contaminated animal foods may be the main source of infection. These results may be useful in planning control and preventive programs.

Brucellosis which is an important zoonotic disease, exists in our country. Camel is an animal that is frequently imported to Iran and doesnt have any inspection for its brucellosis. The objective of this study was determination of active and passive infection by serologic and genomic detection of brucellosis in one-humped camel that was slaughtered in central part of Iran during 2012- 2013. For this purpose, 150 blood samples were collected from camels that were slaughtered in Najaf-Abad abattoir and they transported to laboratory in cool box. Initially, Samples were tested by serological methods include: Rose Bengal plat test, tube agglutination test and 2-mercaptoethanol test. Samples which showed anti-brucella antibodies titer equal or more than 1/80 in Wright test and equal or more than 1/40 in 2-ME test were considered as positive. Nucleic acid of samples were extracted and tested by polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that the infection rates were12, 8 and 6 % in RBPT, tube agglutination and 2-ME tests respectively. However 1.3 % of samples were positive in PCR test.Discussion and According to 2ME titers, results of serological tests indicated that animals were chronically infected. In present study sequence of pb26 gene was detected, that is common in most brucella species. Present study shows that camel can be a potential carrier; therefore importing camel to the country is a way of bacterial spread to central part of Iran.