جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Social stratification » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

The concept of social mobility is one of the most important concepts that is related to a person’s social life and refers to the movement that people make by moving in different levels of the social hierarchy. Social mobility can provide conditions for better and more effective use of the talents of the members of a society and make it easier to perform social functions. Considering the importance of this concept in people’s social life, this article tries to use two different theoretical approaches including; The approach of modernization and the approach of social reproduction will study the existing dynamics in the field of stratification and social mobility in order to determine the social factors affecting social mobility in the city of Khoy. The study method in this research is quantitative and survey, and the data was collected using a questionnaire tool. The statistical population was all the household heads of Khoy city, 382 people were selected as a sample through Cochran’s formula. The sampling method is a multi-stage cluster and the data was analyzed using Spss software. The findings obtained from the linear regression test indicate that the economic capital variable of the family affects social mobility through the variables of social capital and cultural capital and work ethic. Also, the family’s cultural capital variable has an effect on social mobility through the individual’s cultural capital and work ethic. In general, the multiple regression of the research shows that the two variables of the individual’s cultural capital and the individual’s work ethic explain a total of 23% of the changes in the dependent variable. Also, of these two variables, according to the beta value of 0.29%, cultural capital has a greater impact on people’s social mobility than work ethics.

In any society the political participation of social groups is formed based on the social and cultural structures of that society, which makes participation reasonable or traditional. The political participation of Baluch women has also been formed on the same basis. In this regard, according to the present question, how has the Baluchistan stratification system brought the political participation of Baluch women under its radius? It was tried to study the political participation of Baluch women according to social stratification. The current research was conducted with a contextual method, as well as with a semi-structured interview technique and targeted sampling of eleven Baluch men and women. The main goals of the research are to untangle the issues and problems of political participation in Baluchistan region. Identifying the effect of political participation on the social stratification process of Sistan and Baluchistan and finding practical and precise solutions for the political participation of women in the province to be used in the development strategies and prospects of the country. The findings of the research show that the political participation of Baluch women has been under the influence of social stratification in Baluchistan. Despite the fact that the background factors such as: patriarchy, gender socialization, religious concepts and historical and mental backgrounds are similar, but women's participation has been formed according to the social stratifications of each part of Baluchistan region. According to social stratifications, including: tribal stratification in northern Baluchistan, caste stratification in central and southern Baluchistan, and economic and tribal stratification in coastal Baluchistan, which affects the political participation of not only women but all the people of the region. This means that the political participation of women in the Baluchistan region in terms of qualitative understanding of this participation, has become a collective action by the influential and superior classes in this region. Based on the contextual method and the central phenomenon obtained, i.e. "retrospection", the social stratification of the Baluchistan region, despite technological, educational developments, etc., is still based on its previous social stratifications, and there has been little change in the social stratifications of Baluchistan region. On the other hand, such a tendency towards the past in the cultural structure of Baluchistan has caused the lack of meritocracy in political and social competitions; For example, the education and expertise of the candidates and participants does not play a significant role in the political equations of Baluchistan. Based on this,. In fact, we see a back-and-forth relationship between these two concepts, which fulfill each other in a vicious circle. Although this research was conducted to investigate the political participation of Baluch women, the results of the qualitative research that focused on the hidden and more complex aspects of this participation described a model of participation that gives meaning not only to women, but also to the whole of political participation in Baluchistan society. In this context, women's participation is not based on their gender, but on the basis of belonging to certain classes and in some cases even as a tool at the disposal of that class. According to the categories of the research, which have progressed towards becoming richer and broader explanations during the analysis of qualitative data, it seems that the social stratification of Baluchistan is based on "tribe" and "caste" in the form of retrospection, and the equations Power and political participation in the Baluchistan region are organized within its framework; As according to the originality of collectivism and the negation of individualism, patriarchy, inner self, etc., women and men of caste and class participate in maintaining the unity of the caste and class and its domination over other castes and classes, and for this purpose, They use their own special tools. Despite the fact that democratic tools such as: elections have existed in this region since the Pahlavi period, but sects and classes used it for sect and class interests, which during the periods of holding elections for the Islamic Council and the City and Village Councils.

Social stratification and inequality is a phenomenon that has been from long times ago at human societies, while its quality and quantity at different societies have taken various forms. Social stratification at Balochisten has taken pseudo caste form which despite India's caste system, had been supported via underlying factors not religion. Our purpose at this stuy was considering the revolution transformational role at social stratification situation at Balochistan. The current research is important because, yet, hasn’t been considered independently to the revolution and social stratification topic. Documentary method and interviewing with key informed persons at the article have been used. At this article, in addition to refer to aspects of some classic and modern sociologists, we employed some modern theories. Based on the results, by Islamic revolution incidence, the current regime made effort to omit from power equations the previous regime agents and then take into effort favorable forces with regime. At first years of revolution, three groups of khavanin (tribal chief), religion schools educates (Molavies) and academic educates tried to have portion at power equations which among them, Molavies were more success. During occurrence of several national religious and regional ideological actions and arising of contrast between people Molaves and new regime, efforts had done for boycotting Molavies and take to work khavanin. Emergence of wealthy groups at Balochistan influenced most of power equations and made triple groups to rely on it. The results showed that the revolution incidence, made fundamental transformation at Balochistan stratification hierarchy.

Iranian cultural policies are subject to various inconsistencies and contradictions. This situation reduces the acceptability of policymaker and policy itself and consequently leads to inefficiency in social relations. This paper aims to provide a suggested model to study and analysis of certain inconsistency among cultural policies. The analytical framework of the paper is based on cognitive approaches deal with three ideas including "policy making paradigm", "reference" and the "advocacy coalition framework". The authors believe that Iranian social stratification system represents cultural varieties and cognitive resources of different stratus. Differences in the cognitive resources of policymakers and beneficiaries, originating from various socio-economic status result in inconsistent cultural policies. As such, policy makers in the policy-making process are disinterested in the value element of "informal references" of beneficiaries and they instead consider the value elements of their own "selective references”. In such cases, the beneficiaries of a certain policy will not accept the content; consequently, will find themselves opposed to it and won't act on it. The paper concludes by suggesting a special case of cultural inconsistency and its analysis according to the research model.

Social class is one of the concepts that is very important for social scientists and at the same time this concept has been very controversial. Scholars in this field do not agree much on the definition of class, field and its application, structure and related theories, and have analyzed it from different perspectives, sometimes only from an economic, sometimes political and sometimes in addition, the economic and political dimensions of the social and cultural dimensions have been studied, and others discuss the disappearance of class. The kind of view of thinkers on this concept can create different procedures in the field of issues and concepts of stratification, social class and middle class. This article examines and compares the views of social and middle class thinkers in Iran with meta-analysis method and compares their views in the fields of social class concept, social class structure, typological features structure and middle class function. The study courses of the observers on the social class are before Qajar, Qajar, Pahlavi and the Islamic Revolution of Iran. The results show that the most agreement on the concept of class is related to the criteria: 1. Occupational, 2. Economic and common opportunities Life is equal 3. Power and ownership and 4. Understanding historical conditions. These theorists also have commonalities and differences in the fields of class structure, characteristics, typology and functions of social and middle class.

Relation between social mobility and fertility, specially investigating the assumptions that contain inverse relation between these two topics, are so important that numerous studies such as Princeton and Indianapolis studies have been conducted in recent decades. According to the comprehensive revision in the Iran population policies as "Macro Policies of Population", a comprehensive understanding of demographic changes and mobilities and their deteminants has become necessary; so, investigating hypothesis such as "persons who have higher economic and social stratification or status, have lower fertility" seems to be  remarkably important. In this study by using available dada, the relation between socio-economic status of persons and total fertility rate (TFR) is investigated. For this purpose, 20 variables on economic and social dimensions of social mobility recognized from mentioned data and differences of fertility rate for each of these variables are measured. The results of this study showed that social capillarity due to the economic and social dimensions has an "inverse relation" with fertility rate and thus, reliable evidences obtained to confirm the above assumption for Iran.

Before the collapse of their social and political organization, resident Lur tribes in south-west of Iran had a remarkable role in national production and keeping and preservation of frontiers. Regarding population and area of residence, bakhtiary and Bahmaei tribes are among major ethnic groups in this part of Iran. Though performing forced habitation and settlement of tribes in Pahlavi era imported terrible strikes on these tribes, but the process of changing the system of stratification and the structure and ethnic pertinence and the geography of their residence has gone on so far as a continued process. This study which is carried out by the historic sociological approach and historic analytical method, tries to examine and analyze the stratification system of the resident people of Izeh and Ramhormoz counties and the recent transformations of the mentioned tribes who are living in these regions. The findings of this study is based on interviews, participatory observations and documentary views, indicates that the inclination to settle the tribes in the cities of Ramhormoz and Izeh is significantly under the influence of cultural tendencies of the ethnic group. Familial relations in the tribe, clan, and gens units have internalized traditional norms that have become loosened with the passage of time but still remained stable.

The aim of this research is to study social factors influencing on social consensus. Sampling method was multi-process and included cluster and multistage sampling and sample size based on Cochran''s Formula was 380 persons too. Data collection tools was questionnaire. In this research، the methods of data analysis were independent T-Test، Spearman Correlation Coefficient، Multivariate Regression Analysis and SPPS Software. The results showed that the mean of social consensus was moderate upward level. There was a positive and direct relationship among social stratification، social interaction، social relations، age، social trust and social consensus. There was a negative relationship between the education level and social consensus. Regression analysis represented that 17/3 percent of the social consensus level related to independent variables and social interaction، social stratification and social interaction variables influenced more on social consensus.

the system of social stratification، which encompasses a wide range of people، their actions and interactions in the society، effective and highly destructive and negative aspects، and has a lot costs to the society. Lumpans، in the center of the social class، presence in the field of community and social realist fiction writers have in our contemporary. Lumpans usually corrupted people who have no identity. Lumpenproletariat is a term that was originally coined by Karl Marx to describe that layer of the working class that is unlikely ever to achieve class consciousness and is therefore lost to socially useful production، of no use to the revolutionary struggle، and perhaps even an impediment to the realization of a classless society. The word is derived from the German word Lumpenproletarier، a word literally meaning «miscreant» as well as «rag». The term proletarian was first defined by Marx and Friedrich Engels in The German Ideology (1845) and later elaborated on in other works by Marx. The Marxist Internet Archive writes that this term identifies the class of outcast، degenerated and submerged elements that make up a section of the population of industrial centers which include beggars، prostitutes، gangsters، racketeers، swindlers، petty criminals، tramps، chronic unemployed or unemployables، persons who have been cast out by industry، and all sorts of declassed، degraded or degenerated elements. In the Eighteenth Brumaire، Marx rhetorically describes the lumpenproletariat as a «class fraction» that constituted the political power base for Louis Bonaparte of France in 1848. In this sense، Marx argued that Bonaparte was able to place himself above the two main classes، the proletariat and bourgeoisie، by resorting to the «lumpenproletariat» as an apparently independent base of power، while in fact advancing the material interests of the finance aristocracy. For rhetorical purposes، Marx identifies Louis Napoleon himself as being like a member of the lumpenproletariat insofar as، being a member of the finance aristocracy، he has no direct interest in productive enterprises. This is a rhetorical flourish، however، which equates the lumpenproletariat، the rentier class، and the apex of class society as equivalent members of the class of those with no role in useful production. The people who do not have jobs and steady income، live with false job and in many cases due to the bad economic situation and thinking، people do wrong things. One of the authors with a new look and far from the usual clichés to describe life has dealt Lumpans، is R. Parvizi. Parvizi in his works critically examines some hidden and Nagfth chaotic life of the cortex and underlying causes of these deals occurred. However، Parvizi attitude to the cortex - unlike a sociologist at - look inside the often serious and sometimes humorous only. Parvizi almost all the root causes of defects in material and spiritual life of Economic Summary provides the following classes. Parvizi almost all the root causes of defects in material and spiritual life of Economic Summary provides the following classes. However، many sociologists (especially positivists) they all abnormalities attributable to the issue of the economy needs to reflect more. Parviz biased view، despite Lvmpn highlight the negative aspects of behavior، with emphasis on income inequality and social facilities، at least some of the victims Lvmpn downtrodden image that society and the field of intellectual and spiritual growth they have been deprived of.

This study is to find links between social stratification and the sense of security among Ardebil citizens in 2001. The sense of security as a mental phenomenon is strongly influenced by social base in social hierarchy. The sense of security means relieving anxiety, fear and risk. The research method employed in this case was correlational and multi-stage cluster sampling with the population of 380 householders. Then to determine differences between groups LSD post hoc test was carried out. The findings of this study suggest the Mode of 57.7 for middle class. The statistical data show the Mean of 53/05 with 10/51 Standard Deviation. The results indicate that there is a link between the amount of income, educational level, employment and financial status, lifestyle, and the sense of social security. It is believed that upper class enjoys higher level of sense of security than middle and lower class. Finally among eight hypothesis of this research, seven were approved.

In this study Indigenous knowledge of using of forest and Pastureland in Rustam Township has been investigated. Some regions of central part of Rustam were considered and from those regions some villages that were rich in indigenous knowledge were selected. Finally, the sample of the study was chosen using snowball method. In this study, the techniques of participant observation, free observation, semi-structured interviews and documents were used. The results show that, indigenous knowledge is not only opposed to modernization of indigenous knowledge and development but also it can be a criterion for regional development. Also, it can be concluded that, modernization programs in our country that had been appeared as land reform, caused the major changes in the structure of the sample, the division of labor exploitation activists and their stratification. As a result of this, along changing in society and lifestyles in this region, the exploitation of indigenous knowledge has been weakened and at present time this knowledge is deteriorated.

Consumption that is focused on physical appearance in contemporary societies have caused some new demeanor like having plastic surgeries and have become prevalent and well-known among people. This research attempts to investigate the widespread plastic surgeries that have become an indictor of consumption trends. As very little has been done to explore this subject and the massive occurrence of these surgeries in Iran, this study has been conducted to identify plastic surgeries done in the city of Esfahan and the sociological factors affecting these occurrences. Attempts were made to link concepts such as body, beauty, consumption, lifestyle, social class and parts operated as symbols and indicators to be questioned.140 people with no deficiency or medical problem were asked to have a plastic surgery within the two-month period of the research. Questionnaires were answered by the participants for the collection of data and information.The research findings revealed that the majority of people taking the surgery were unmarried women who belonged to middle and low classes having higher physical management capabilities. According to the research conductor and results, it could be said that: First, plastic surgery as a dignifying act is not only confined to just the upper social classes but also has become widespread among lower social strata. Second, the fact that the majority of plastic surgery applicants are among lower classes of the society indicates the significance of beauty in obtaining better social conditions and gaining more respect in the society. Third, conducts related to physical beauty and attraction as part of a lifestyle may cause distinction among people who belong to the same social class.