جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « صرفه » در نشریات گروه « علوم قرآن و حدیث »

The miracle of the Qur'an and its miraculous aspects is one of the most important Qur'anic issues and the most important way to prove the prophethood of the Holy Prophet. The inability of humankind to confront it is a belief of all Muslims. Qur'anic scholars have considered some aspects for the secret of this inability. Many of them attribute the mystery of inimitability of the Qur'an to the nature of the Qur'an, referring to features such as expressive miracles, harmony, and unseen and legislative news as aspects of the Qur'anic miracles. In contrast, a group has turned to Sarfeh (God has dissuaded humans to bring a book similar to the holy Quran). Some scholars have considered it as one of the miraculous aspects of the Qur'an without choosing or rejecting the theory of Sarfeh. This study is carried out using a descriptive-analytical method based on library sources and seeks to prove the theory that not only about the Holy Quran, but also about other prophetic miracles and the miracles of other prophets, Sarfeh is the cause of human inability to conflict with the holy Qur'an. Therefore, the basis of the Holy Qur'an is the "the theory of Sarfeh" in the "length of the aspects of miracles" and not in its width. That is, "Sarfeh" is "the divine formative will to turn people away or dissuade them from the conflicting with the Qur'an. Many Sarfeh followers also consider the divine formative will to turn people away or dissuade them from the conflicting with the Qur'an to take away the motivations or the tools of the conflict or the will of the opponents. In this sense, Sarfeh can guarantee the eternal inimitability of the Qur'an.

Miraculousness or inimitability is one of the important issues of the Quran, which initiated from the second half of the second century (AH) and reached its full extent of growth and development until the eighth century (AH). Al-Fanari is one of the prominent figures in the field of interpretation sciences of the Quran who has studied and refined this important issue. Shams al-Din al-Fanari is the author of Ein al-A’yan Commentary with a mystical approach. In his view, a miracle is an extraordinary act that is accompanied by tahaddi (to challenges people to do something extraordinary) without meeting with any opposition, and it is different from keramat (an extraordinary thing that some ordinary people do and is not accompanied by challenging people to do something extraordinary) and erhas (the occurrence of extraordinary acts that take place before the claim of prophecy and as an introduction to it). Compared to the scholars before him, al-Fanari has two new approaches to miracle in his commentary: first, the miraculousness which belongs to the Quran itself, and second, the miraculousness which is related to prohibiting people from using the power of opposing the Quran, not from the opposition itself despite having the power. The findings of this study reveals that al-Fanari, in addition to being in agreement with other scholars in the field of miracles, has also had some novel ideas and thoughts, the most outstanding of which is a completely mystical analysis of the authorities of the Prophet of Islam (p.b.u.h.) and his power to present miracles, as well as an analysis of the nature of order with its five components.

Although in the dominant thought of Islamic theology the theory of Ṣarfa has not been properly considered and not widely accepted as an aspect of the miraculous aspects of the Qur’an, Sayed Murtaḍā ‘Alamulhudā (d. 436 AH), a prominent Imami scholar in the fourth and fifth centuries, was a serious partisan of this theory and proved it in detail in his book Al-Mawḍiḥ ‘An Jahat 'I'jāz al-Qur’an (al-Ṣarfa). The present study, which deals with various aspects of Ṣarfa theory in Murtaḍā's Al-Mawḍiḥ, shows that Sayed Murtaḍā, as a tough advocate of the theory, contrary to common criticism on those support Ṣarfa, did not deny the miraculous aspect of the Qur’an at all. It also argues that he, despite certain attempts to eliminate him from the list of those believing in Ṣarfa, seriously advocated the theory in this book. This implicates to the importance and necessity of a scholarly and precise study on this theory and this book. In this article, Murtaḍā’s general rationalist approach and his detailed arguments are explained and his different foundations in the expression of miracle, challenge (taḥaddī), and conflict (mu'āraḍa) are introduced. It also recognizes his general methodology in proving Ṣarfa theory, which is to reject all other aspects of the miracle suggested by previous Muslim scholars other than Ṣarfa.

The views of the thinkers about the position of the Quran are different. Some of them believes Quran as a” miracle” and others as a”divine” book. The latter group thinks, the verses of the Quran don’t confirm the theological thought of miraclousness. Also, some scholars to confront to the “sarfah” theory, relied on “Ijma al-Ommah”. Therefore the role of Quran, as the original source of “miracle of Quran” as a theological thought, is unknown. This study has proved that the theological components of miraclousness of Quran are perfectly synchronized with different verses of the Quran. So this book is not only a divine book, but also an extraordinary book and that is the proof of truth of the Prophet Mohammad(PBUH). Some verses of Holy Quran prove this claim, which include phrases such as: “Ayah”, “Shahadah Allah”, “Kefayah” and “Enzar”.

The present writing is a translation of the entry: Inimitability by Professor Richard C. Martin from the Encyclopedia of the Quran. Upon elaborating various derived forms of the term u‘jaz in the Holy Quran, the writer proceeds to deal with the history of the idea of inimitability (i‘jāz) in the verses of the Quran and the Revelation time, and has presented a report about the history of the Muslim's attempts in the field of the Holy Quran's inimitability. He has also stated the opinions and viewpoints of Naẓẓām, Jāḥiẓ, Bāqlānī, Rummānī, ‘Abd al-Jabbār, Jurjānī, and the contemporary scholars, and has pointed out the impacts that their viewpoints have had on one another.