جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « a way between free will » در نشریات گروه « ادیان و عرفان »

Endless differences and conflicts between the followers of religions and denominations seriously damage the social and religious life of religious people and question the current state of the religious community. The fundamental presuppositions of Islamic mysticism, which are based on the knowledge of the existential realm of God and man, are the key to paving the way for human peace and tranquility. Explaining the basics of the nature of mystical teachings plays a key role in the peaceful coexistence of the followers of religions and denominations, and the establishment of solidarity, unity and lasting peace among Muslims. Mystics consider self-purification to be the cause of spiritual peace and vitality in the life of society and a manifestation of external peace. Emphasizing the goal of freedom in the advent of the prophets, they seek the piety and freedom of the followers of denominations and believe in the internal unity of religions based on the unity of existence and the validity of the pluralities. The mystical attitude, while acknowledging differences and endorsing internal unity, properly plays a unifying and connecting role not only in the internal components of Islamic civilization, but also in human beings. In this article, we try to explain the effective components of mystical unificationism (unity of existence, self-cultivation, introversion and free thought) on the unity of mystical society by referring to some mystical attitudes with a descriptive-analytical approach and to show their role in shaping the attitude of solidarity and social unity in Islamic society

Free will and Determinism has always been one of the most important Anthropological issues among Muslim thinkers. This issue has also been considered in Ibn-Arabichr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s mystical school. Ibn-Arabi in the seventh century AH in the picture of the relationship between Previous Divine Knowledge and Human free will or the negation of determinism, has a different approach to the thought of theologians. His theory named as "secrecy destiny" or "following knowledge from the known". Leading research conducted with a descriptive approach and based on library studies, speaks of the relationship of the thoughts of one of the Shiite commentators of the Holy Quran, namely Abul-Futuh Razi, who died in the sixth century AH, with the thoughts of Ibn-Arabi. The findings of the research, based on the views of this commentator in the discussions of determinism and free will, especially his pictureing of infection and testing of human with the previous divine knowledge, shows that not only is there a comparison between his views on the negation of Determinism from human with the theories put forward in Ibn-Arabichr(chr('39')39chr('39'))s school Rather, it indicates that he preceded Ibn-Arabi in the mystical thought of following knowledge from the known.

Using an analytical-descriptive approach, this paper seeks to analyze the meaning of free will and attributing it to God in Islamic mysticism. Muslim mystics have expressed various applications for "free will". Their passages imply that they have used this term both for God and man in homonym way. While considering the internal evidences and some other mystic's expressions, the author attempts to turn the different meanings into a single meaning and provide a comprehensive concept. Their passages also reveal that, "free will" with wonder and doubt cannot be applied to God. Focusing on their expressions, this paper seeks to justify the attribution of free will along with doubt to the Almighty God with regard to other validities, and resolve the primitive conflicts of their expressions.

The soteriological teachings in the sacred texts of Islam and Hinduism represent the characteristics and conditions of the delivered. The features of the soul at peace (mutmainah) referred to in the Quran indicate the possibility of attaining salvation before death. The concept of "the free living" (Jivanmukti) in Upanishads refers to a wise who experience salvation - i.e. emancipation from the suffering of the universe - in one's lifetime. The authentic source of either of the two traditions indicates that the delivered have similar experiences and conditions and a knowledge-based role in the attainment of salvation. Making a comparison between the characteristics and conditions of "the free living" and those of the "peaceful soul", this paper seeks to expound the issue of the delivered. The findings of this research show that happiness and awareness of "the free living" are absolute and they are not regard as a reality which is distinct from his/her soul whereas the happiness and awareness of peaceful soul constitute a distinct reality and they, like his/her experiences and conditions, are an outcome of the manifestation of the Divine attributes of Glory and Beauty in man's soul.

A significant debate within the intellectual community of early Muslims was the relationship between human volitional acts and the system of divine acts, with each school of thought taking a different position concerning it. In general, there are four theories about the relationship: absolute “jabr” or predetermination, absolute “tafwīḍ” or freedom (delegation of affairs to human beings), the theory of “kasb” (acquisition), and the theory of “al-amrbayn al-amrayn” (something between the two things). The first three theories are propounded by Sunni scholars, and the last theory is propounded by the followers of the Prophet’s (s) household or Ahl al-Bayt. The problem with the first three theories is that they contradict certain religious doctrines. The theory of “al-amrbayn al-amrayn” rejects both absolute predetermination and absolute freedom, but its positive proposal has been differently accounted for by Imami scholars. The Shiite philosopher, Sabzawari, has tried to provide a rational or philosophical account of the theory in terms of the ontological principle of the “personal unity of the reality of existence”. His account is examined in this paper.

The exposition and analysis of man's free will and the kind of the Most High God's activity in as far as man's volitional actions concerned in the fields of theology, philosophy and mysticism can be considered three longitudinal and sound interpretations. This means that theology, and as this discipline requires provides an entirely realistic interpretation of free will and of course, known and accepted by common people through ordinary examples, rhetoric method, and best sorts of debates. Philosophy provides a rational analysis of the issue and points out of its requirements including the question of causality and the way of attributing an act to different longitudinal actors. Mysticism also provides an analysis based on intuition for explaining the relationship between Divinity and universe and the relationship between the Most High God's will and man' free will. Having briefly explained the theological and philosophical view on this issue, the present paper expounds gnotics’ analysis of the question of man's free will, proves the conformity of this view with that of the Shiite -a way between free will and determinism- rejects any charge of determinism against gnostics and proves the priority of gnostics analysis of man's free will over the others’ analysis.