جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « فارس (استان) » در نشریات گروه « علوم ترویج »

In Iran, the subsidy policy, in December 2010, changed from a public approach to a targeted approach. Obviously, this policy change affects the food poverty status in the rural community. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of this policy change on the food poverty in rural community of Fars province in Iran. For this purpose, the food pyramid was used as a balanced food program guide; and the food poverty indices in the framework of the multidimensional poverty approach were used to calculate the food poverty rate and the food poverty gap indexes. The required data were extracted from the Household Expenditure Survey (HES) for rural households of Fars province, covering 2008, 2010, 2011, and 2014. The results indicated that subsidy policies (irrespective of their types) were effective tools in reducing the rate and depth of rural food poverty as far as the food items were considered; in addition, the change in subsidy policy led to an increase in the rate and depth of food poverty of the fats group by 10.98 and 23.02 percent, respectively and an increase in the rate and depth of the sugars group by 10.10 and 29.31 percent, respectively as well as a decrease in the rate and depth of food poverty in cereals group by 31.03 and 38.17 percent, respectively. Accordingly, in order to enhance the effectiveness of the targeted subsidy policies to tackle the food poverty, focusing on the complementary policies such as compensatory measures and increasing the nutritional literacy of households are recommended.

This study aimed at investigating the economic poverty of settled nomads and identifying its determinants in Fars province of Iran. Data gathering was carried out in 2013 through 175 questionnaires from settled nomad households in a two-stage cluster random sampling method . The headcount poverty and poverty gap indexes were used to determine the poverty situation, and Tobit model was used to determine the factors affecting the poverty probability. The results showed that 49.14 percent of households were suffering from poverty; nearly 60 percent of the poor households suffered from extreme poverty; and depth of their poverty was more than 70 percent. Based on the results, education level and age of household heads, agricultural activity level, household size and number of animals were affecting poverty probability for the households. Accordingly, focusing on adult education, strengthening complementary activities and concentrating on the overall population policies issued by the Iranian Supreme Leader were recommended within a sustainable approach to poverty alleviation in the centers for settled nomads.

Based on the policies associated with Article 44, Constitutions of Iran, cooperatives have received a central role especially in employment generation, while regarding the government financial limitations, the main challenge is to finance the cooperatives. Thus, this study aimed at evaluating the microfinance potentials throughout cooperatives and their contribution to employment generation. Applied data were gathered through completing questionnaire by 120 agricultural-rural and non-agricultural cooperative members of Iran's Fars province in 2015. Tendency to participation in microfinance program and cooperatives’ fund contribution to employment generation were applied in Likert scale as the central variables. The results showed that the cooperative members with higher tendency to participate in microfinance program were those with small scale activity, lower number of occupations, larger household size as well as lower membership history. Women also were found with higher tendency to participate as compared to men. The findings also showed that men considered lower chance of contribution for cooperatives in employment generation compared to women. Similarly, members with higher household size and higher membership history believed that cooperatives were less likely to contribute employment generation goal; in addition, the chance for employment generation by cooperatives was believed less by those with higher education and higher by those with higher income. Based on the results, rural and agricultural activities might be considered as a business priority for microfinance cooperative establishment.

This study aimed at exploring the effective performance of Rural Assistance Offices (Dehyaris) in rural development and challenges ahead from Rural Assistants (Dehyars) perspective in Fars province of Iran. It was a descriptive-correlation study based on survey quantitative methods. The statistical population included all the rural assistants in the province (1231 individuals). The method of sampling was multistage stratified sampling method, through which 145 people were identified as the sample by calculating Cochran’s formula. The results of descriptive analysis showed that three challenges of insufficient funds of rural assistance offices, inappropriate and excessive public expectations of rural assistants, and high unemployment rate in the villages were the most important challenges of these institutions. The study results of factor analysis also revealed that challenges ahead of effective performance of the rural assistance offices can be summarized into six factors including bureaucratic, the lack of planning, economic, cultural and social, infrastructure-equipment and cognitive challenges. These factors explained about 66.66 percent of the total variance of the performance challenges ahead of the rural assistance offices.

With respect to economic and social effects of watershed management activities, this study aimed at investigating the effective factors on the attitudes of operators in Kelestan watershed area in Fars province of Iran. The Statistical population included 382 operator households in Kelestan village, out of which 97 households were selected in a stratified random sampling method. The factors were estimated by a Logit econometric model. Study results showed that the variables of increase in agricultural efficiency, decrease in damages of roads by floods, increase in waters of springs, and increase in exploiters’ incomes were significantly and positively related to attitudes towards the watershed management activities; and the marginal effects of these variables showed that their increase by one percent would result in an increase in the probability of positive attitude towards watershed management activities by 46, 36, 33, and 29 percent, respectively.

Provided that women’s associations are formed without discrimination against their members and in the light of public participation with respect to the employment of qualified women, they would have a major impact on the realization of social justice. Production of vermicompost by the rural women’s associations is a plan tailored by the Organization of Jihad for Agriculture and especially Bureau of Rural and Nomadic women Affairs and pursues a variety of purposes. This study aims at identifying the impacts of vermicompost production associations on rural communities in the Fars province of Iran, and it was conducted in a snowball method among 23 members of these associations in 2012. As shown by the study results, the major concerned impacts include improving the awareness of rural women, increasing the mutual trust among the rural women and specifically, increasing their confidence and encouraging their leadership; in addition, eliminating the middlemen and creating a number of jobs are among the economic impacts. Finally, some practical recommendations are presented, including promotion of women entrepreneurship in such associations as well as holding necessary training courses for the rural women and facilitators.

Considering the importance of women's empowerment to overcome the acute inequalities, this paper reviews four types of empowerment paradigms including structuralism, functionalist, interpretive, and humanist. Due to insufficient success, an alternative 'monotheism' paradigm, which is compatible with human nature and divine laws, is presented. To put it in action, a field study on micro-credit fund of Lapuy village in Fars province of Iran is conducted and the concerned adjustable model of communication and information is designed. The study sample includes 60 women and the data are gathered through observation, in-depth interview and survey methods. A panel of experts verifies measuring instrument face validity and a pilot study is used to assess its reliability (α=0.82). The study findings reveal the clear differences between two women groups. So, two separate communication models, based on social and psychological theories, for each group are designed for insight and conscience empowerment as well as moral, skills and behavioral empowerment. The steps of women empowerment will lead to participation, holistic and community-oriented wisdom.

This study investigated nomad households’ poverty in drought period and identified its determinant s in Fars province of Iran. D ata were gathered by 457 questionnaires from the nomad families through three-stage cluster random sampling. Standardized p recipitation index was used to classify drought severity, the headcount poverty and poverty gap indexes were used to determine the poverty situation, and the Tobit model was used to determine the factors affecting poverty probability. The result revealed that an increase of 17.5 percent in the poverty gap is very important in the drought period. Investigating the determinants indicated that the social structure of nomads based on their local knowledge was the most important factor in reducing the poverty gap in drought co nditions; and unreliable w ater resources were known as the most important and most fundamental cause of increasing poverty in the nomad society. Accordingly, to combat the poverty of nomads in such periods, the study suggests focusing on identification of strengths of nomad social structure and generalizing them as well as creating safe water resources.

Though, migration is known as one of the implications of drought, there might be found a limited number of studies conducted to explain the effects of migrations resulting from drought. Thus, this study investigates such a process and its effective factors in 2010 through a qualitative method by using documentary data of a village in Khasouyeh subdistrict in Fars province. Findings show that a series of various natural, economic and social factors result in permanent migration of households; the natural and economic factors, however, pave the ground for temporary migrations as well; moreover, migration never comes out of a sudden decision, rather it is resulted from inefficiencies of other options. Finally, while the migrants tend to face a lot of economic, emotional and social difficulties, the migration is still assumed as a useful strategy. Therefore, it is recommended that policy-makers facilitate a drought-consistency process by means of training and direct the rural migration flows toward the areas benefiting from adequate capacities to generate employments.

This is a descriptive-correlative study with the data gathered through 150 questionnaires distributed in a field study over the crop year of 2009-2010. Statistical sample includes all the range managers benefitting from range insurance in Fars province of Iran. The results from Spearman coefficient show that the number of the operators has a significant positive relation with the satisfaction of insurance، but the relation of compensation variable with that is not significant. In addition، the results from Mann-Whitney test indicate that the variables of willingness to make an insurance contract and satisfaction of insurance are significantly differed; and according to the results of Kruskal-Wallis test، the satisfaction of insurance has no significantly different relation with the variable of income acquisition means، but the variable of operator’s general problems is differed from that. Finally، it is suggested to reckon and assess the compensation properly as well as to pay the amount of it on-time.

This study aims at evaluating the rice farmers’ efficiency at the South kamfirouz region of the Fars Province during the 2010-11 farm years. The data is gathered in a two-stage clustered sampling method. Results of the rice farmers’ efficiencies are produced by using a basic method of data envelopment analysis and then, compared with ones resulted from the supper efficiency envelopment analysis model. In general, the study results show that given a constant return to scale, the average level of the farmers’ technical efficiency is 83.93 percent in the model, standing in a range of 0.43 to 1.0. The same average in a model with variable return to scale is 86.25 and as shown, 29.16 percent of the farning units are found completely efficient. Considering the high average of scale efficiency in the farms and comparing it with the extent of technical management efficiency, it is made clear that the most important cause of farms’ technical inefficiencies is the difference in how to manage the use of inputs; and by applying a proper management of the inputs used in the process of rice production, it could be possible to reduce inefficiencies.

Farmers empowerment is unavoidable necessity for sustainable development, thus the present survey study is carried out with the purpose to determine environmental empowerment of production cooperative’s farmers and factors affecting it in Fars province. The sample includes 150 members and non-members which are selected by stratified sampling method. Findings show that environmental empowerment of production cooperatives’ members are more than non-members which is directly and significantly related to their participation in training classes and availability of information. Availability of information and area under cultivation of crops explain environmental empowerment of production cooperative’s members. The present study recommends distribution of information and increasing farmers access to it, organization of regular environmental training based on previous activities, acknowledging the capacity and potential of areas under the coverage of cooperatives for the development of agricultural activities as means to improve environmental empowerment of production cooperative’s members.

The level of employment is influenced by different factors such as the application of modern technologies. Despite the positive consequences of application of these technologies in the improvement of the living conditions in rural areas, it reduced the active role of women in production and also had negative consequences for rural economy. This study is a descriptive survey. The statistical population consisted of 928 households from which a sample of 101 households was selected randomly. The results indicated factors such as employment situation, household income, number of children, women's literacy, and the lack of employment opportunities had the most impact on women's employment.

One of the main purposes of insurance is to influence use efficiency for different inputs of insured farmers. This can catalyze rural development and lead to an increase in income and welfare of farmers in rural communities. The objective of the present study is to examine the influence of farm product insurance on the production efficiency of agricultural operators and economic development of rural communities. We selected farm cultivators in Fars province as our research community. The data were collected in a cross sectional manner and from three climatic zones including warm semidesert, Mediterranean, and cold mountainous in year 2005. It used multi -stage stratified cluster sampling procedures and two groups of farmers - insured and non insured- were interviewed. The sample included 162 insured and 248 non insured farmers. The results indicated that insurance has a positive influence on the production of wheat cultivators in Mediterranean zone, while its impacts on the production of wheat cultivators in semidesert, and mountainous zones were partly negative and negative respectively. We can conclude that insurance -with respect to increase in production - has a random effect in most areas and farms. The increase in production is dependent mostly on personal and managerial traits of the insured. Thus, the promotion of crop insurance efficiency is dependent on supplying extension services to raise farmer’s awareness about the merits of insurance, mechanisms to raise production and efficiency of using inputs.