جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Chlorogenic Acid » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is known to have antifibrotic and hypoglycemic effects and may play a role in preventing diabetes-induced pulmonary fibrosis. This study aimed to determine the effect and optimum dose of CGA on diabetes-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Thirty Wistar rats (two-month-old, 150-200 grams) were randomly divided into six groups, namely control, six weeks diabetes mellitus (DM1), eight weeks DM (DM2), and three DM2 groups (CGA1, CGA2, and CGA3) who received CGA doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/Kg BW, respectively. After six weeks, CGA was administered intraperitoneally for 14 consecutive days. Lung tissues were taken for TGF-β1, CTGF, SMAD7, Collagen-1, and α-SMA mRNA expression analysis and paraffin embedding. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. TGF-β1 expression in the CGA1 group (1.01±0.10) was lower than the DM1 (1.33±0.25, P=0.05) and DM2 (1.33±0.20, P=0.021) groups. α-SMA expression in the CGA1 group (median 0.60, IQR: 0.34-0.64) was lower than the DM1 (median 0.44, IQR: 0.42-0.80) and DM2 (median 0.76, IQR: 0.66-1.10) groups. Collagen-1 expression in the CGA1 group (0.75±0.13) was lower than the DM1 (P=0.24) and DM2 (P=0.26) groups, but not statistically significant. CTGF expression in CGA groups was lower than the DM groups (P=0.088), but not statistically significant. There was an increase in SMAD7 expression in CGA groups (P=0.286). Histological analysis showed fibrosis improvement in the CGA1 group compared to the DM groups. CGA (12.5 mg/Kg BW) inhibited the expression of profibrotic factors and increased antifibrotic factors in DM-induced rats.

Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease caused by the Leishmania parasite, transmitted through the bite of an infected sandfly. The disease presents in four primary clinical forms: visceral, cutaneous, diffuse cutaneous, and post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis. The clinical manifestations vary depending on the Leishmania species and the host's immune response. Current treatments include antileishmanial drugs such as amphotericin B, antimonials, sitamaquine, pentamidine, paromomycin, and miltefosine. However, these drugs present challenges, including resistance to pentavalent antimonials and nephrotoxicity. The World Health Organization recommends exploring plants as therapeutic agents due to their efficacy and affordability. Conyza Canadensis, a biennial plant, has been utilized for wound healing and has shown efficacy against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the anti-leishmanial effect of extracts from C. canadensis on the Iraqi strain of Leishmania tropica.

In this experimental study, the extracts were prepared as stock solutions and sub-cultured in RPMI-1640 medium. The cells were incubated in tissue culture flasks and treated with various concentrations of SSG and aqueous/alcoholic extracts. The anti-leishmanial activity of these extracts was evaluated using the sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The findings indicated that the extracts possessed anti-leishmanial activity.

The Iraqi C. canadensis plant extract contained alkaloids, gallic acid, apigenin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, p-Coumaric acid, and glutathione. These compounds are known to reduce neopterin levels and enhance the immune response against L. tropica.

The extracts of C. canadensis demonstrate anti-leishmanial activity, correlated with neopterin levels, showing promise as an alternative therapy for leishmaniasis. Further research is necessary to establish their effectiveness.

Memory dysfunction has remained a challenging issue globally. Nootropics have proven fruitful in managing cognitive dysfunction but because of their side effects, opportunities exist to explore alternatives. White cabbage is a cost-effective natural source of phytochemicals without side effects and has remained uninvestigated as a nootropic agent. This study sought to identify secondary metabolites in white cabbage extract (WCE) and to predict the molecular interaction between the phytochemical constituents of cabbage and phosphodiesterase-1B (PDE1B) using in silico studies.

The WCE was prepared by macerating crushed fresh white cabbage with ethanol for 24 h with continuous stirring. The phytochemical profile of WCE was analyzed using thin layer chromatography (TLC)-densitometry, and molecular docking studies were performed to predict the underlying mechanism action of the phytochemicals with PDE1B.

The TLC-densitometry analysis showed that WCE was a rich source of sinigrin, whereas quercetin, chlorogenic acid, and rutin were not detected. In silico studies identified neobrassicin as having the highest affinity (ΔGbind: −19.3358 kcal/mol) for PDE1B. However, quercetin (ΔGbind: −13.1813 kcal/mol) and chlorogenic acid (ΔGbind: −14.8706 kcal/mol) exhibited moderate interaction with PDE1B.

These results suggest that WCE has the potency to improve memory function by blocking PDE1B, and this preliminary study implies upcoming in vitro and in vivo research.

Sandoricum koetjape has been used for generations in traditional Indonesian medicine. The leaves were used to treat helminthiasis, cough, stomachache, diarrhea, bloating, leucorrhoea, colic, and fever in Indonesia. Identification of phenolic acids in the Sandoricum koetjape leaves was done by ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UPLC). Gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid were identified as phenolic acids found in Sandoricum koetjape leaf extracts. Heart disease, stroke, and cancer are the three noncommunicable diseases that kill the most people in Indonesia. Coronary artery disease, cardiovascular disease, cardiomyopathy, cancer, tumor, type 2 diabetes, and cholesterol have all been linked to MMP-9. This study aimed to determine the phenolic acids contained in the leaves of Sandoricum koetjape and to determine their inhibitory activity against the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Molecular docking studies were carried out by the autodock 4.2 program integrated with the pyrx v.09.8 virtual screening tool. The chlorogenic acid in Sandoricum koetjape leaf extract binds more strongly than the other phenolic acids. Interacting between chlorogenic acid with MMP-9 on amino LEU187, LEU188, ALA189, HIS405, and TYR423. AdmetSAR and Protox II databases were used for physiochemical and ADMET properties. Chlorogenic acid is expected to have high oral bioavailability in humans, good intestinal absorption, and an equivalent distribution in the intestine and blood plasma. Chlorogenic acid’s acute toxicity is also expected to be low. Chlorogenic acid is also non-toxic to the liver, immune system, mutagenic, and cytotoxic. Sandoricum koetjape phenolic acid, particularly chlorogenic acid, appeared to be an efficient MMP-9 inhibitor based on docking results.

The accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum results in a state known as “ER stress”. It can affect the fate of proteins and play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of several diseases. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of chlorogenic acid (CA) on the inflammation and apoptosis of tunicamycin-induced ER stress in mice.

We categorized mice into six groups: Saline, Vehicle, CA, TM, CA 20-TM, and CA 50-TM. The mice received CA (20 or 50 mg/kg) before intraperitoneal tunicamycin injection. After 72 hr of treatment, serum biochemical analysis, histopathological alterations, protein and/or mRNA levels of steatosis, and inflammatory and apoptotic markers were investigated by ELISA and/or RT-PCR. 

We found that 20 mg/kg CA decreased mRNA levels of Grp78, Ire-1, and Perk. Moreover, CA supplementation prevented TM-induced liver injury through changes in lipid accumulation and lipogenesis markers of steatosis (Srebp-1c, Ppar-α, and Fas), and exerted an inhibitory effect on inflammatory (NF-κB, Tnf-α, and Il-6) and apoptotic markers (caspase 3, p53, Bax, and Bcl2), of liver tissue in ER stress mice. 

These data suggest that CA ameliorates hepatic apoptosis and inflammation by reducing NF-κB and Caspase 3 as related key factors between inflammation and apoptosis.

Cancer development is a multi-stage process in which apoptosis plays an important role. Apoptotic agents from natural products like phenolic compounds can be used effectively in the treatment of cancer. Berberis vulgaris L. fruits are a rich source of natural phenolic compounds and have been evaluated for their apoptotic effects.

this study was carried out to evaluate the apoptotic effect of B. vulgaris fruits in normal and cancerous cells by investigating p53, Bax, and Bcl-2 genes expression and identifying an active compound.

B. vulgaris fruits were extracted with ethanol using maceration method. To yield an active compound, the extract was divided into fractions and subfractions that could be evaluated using chromatography techniques, and the purified compound structure was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The cytotoxic activity of the selected fraction against 3T3 and MCF-7 cell lines along with its effect on the mRNA apoptosis regulating genes like p53, Bax, and Bcl-2 were investigated subsequently.

Results showed that B. vulgaris extract increased the mRNA level of p53 and Bax and decreased Bcl-2 mRNA level in cancer cell lines. The structure of the purified compound was determined as the 3-caffeoylquinic acid (chlorogenic acid).

B. vulgaris fruit has in vitro antineoplastic activity by stimulating cellular apoptosis via increasing the levels of p53 and Bax proteins and decreasing Bcl-2 and comprises chlorogenic acid as one of its phenolic phytochemicals.

Ethnobotanical investigations conducted in Turkey demonstrated that Jasminum fruticans L. extract and fruit juice had been used against parasites in animals. In this study, the possible antihelmintic activity of various J. fruticans extracts contributing to its traditional use, was relatively assessed. In addition, the antioxidant potentials and phytochemical composition of the extracts were investigated since there is a relationship between helminthiasis, oxidative stress and phenolic metabolites.

In this study, aerial parts of J. fruticans were subsequently extracted using n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanol (MeOH). In vivo anthelmintic activity of the extracts was compared with albendazole used as a reference in adult earthworms. Various methods, including free radical scavenging and metal-related activity assays, were used to assess the antioxidant capacity of the above-mentioned extracts. Assessment of phenolic composition was accomplished through total phenolic, phenolic acid, and flavonoid content assays as well as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scan modes. Further chlorogenic acid (3-O-caffeoylquinic acid) contents of extracts were quantified using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC).

Between all tested extracts, MeOH extract at a quantity of 50.0 mg/mL, paralysed worms in 8.1 min and killed them in 12.8 min, showing a high anthelmintic effect similar to albendazole. Similarly, in vitro DPPH radical scavenging activity, cupric ion reduction and total antioxidant capacity experiments demonstrated that MeOH extract had significant antioxidant activity. Further phytochemical screening showed that MeOH extract was richer regarding phenolic metabolites. Chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, caffeic acid and gallic acid were only detected in the MeOH extract.

Results justify and support the use of J. fruticans in traditional medicine as an anthelmintic agent. Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between the strong antioxidant capacity along with the phenolic composition determined in the MeOH extract and anthelmintic activity.

Jushanda (decoction), often used in traditional medicine, has many drawbacks like disagreeable taste, bulky dose, cumbersome preparation, and short stability. Therefore, in the present study, jushanda nazla (JN) was modified and optimized into a sugar-based (SBS) and sugar-free (SFS) syrup dosage form and evaluated for various physicochemical parameters, microbial contaminations and antimicrobial activities. JN was concentrated and reduced to minimum quantity by heating and twelve batches of SBS and five batches of SFS were prepared for optimization. Out of these, the best batch of SBS and SFS were selected based on consistency and minimum bulk. The best batches were further evaluated for the physicochemical parameter, microbial and heavy metal contamination. The finished products were also evaluated for antimicrobial activity against selected microbes. SBS was optimized with 170 mL JN reduced to 50 mL, sugar 40% (w/v) and consistency of one wire. SFS was optimized with 170 mL JN reduced to 30 mL, and 96 mg of aspartame. Organoleptic characters, ash value, viscosity, specific gravity and pH of finished products were satisfactory. The concentration of total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid and glycyrrhizin and chlorogenic acid were comparative in JN, SBS and SFS. SBS and SFS passed the WHO guideline for microbial and heavy metal contamination. Finished products showed significant antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Salmonella. Analytical data of SBS and SFS showed significant optimistic results hence, generated data can be used for future reference. However, developed formulations should be further evaluated for their stability, safety and clinical efficacy.

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Chlorogenic Acid (CA) and Diazepam (DZP) on epileptic complication that induced by repetitive intra-peritoneal injections of Pentylenetetrazle (PTZ) in aged rats. 

Twenty-four month-old male Wistar rats (age > 12 months, 300-350 g) were divided in 4 experimental groups. Animal in control group (PTZ + Vehicle) received only PTZ. Animal in treated groups (PTZ + DZP, PTZ + CA10 and PTZ + 25) received diazepam 2 mg/kg, CA 10 mg/kg, or CA 25 mg/kg. All drugs injection were performed  30 min prior to each PTZ injection. Epilepsy was induced by injection of subconvulsive dose of PTZ every other day until the rats were completely kindled or epileptic. After each PTZ injection, animal was monitored for 40 min and epileptic behaviors were scored. At the end of the study, rats were sacrificed and the brains removed for evaluation of histological changes and Brain Derived Neurothrophic Factor (BDNF) gene expression. 

CA at dose of 25 mg/kg reduced percent of Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizure (GTCS) in aged rats (24%) in compared to control group (50%) (p < 0.05). The latencies to the start of GTCS were decreased in both dose of CA (p < 0.05). Also, the percent of survived neurons in rats treated with CA (154%) were significantly higher relative to that of control animals (100%) (p < 0.05). The mRNA levels of BDNF significantly increased in CA treated rats (p < 0.05). 

Hence, these findings revealed that CA have antiepileptic, neuroprotective and trophic effects in aged rats. CA can protect aged brain from deteriorative processes and save neurons during epilepsy in rats.

Stachys lavandulifolia Vahl is an herbaceous perennial plant which its flowering aerial parts are used traditionally as gastrotonic, spasmolytic, sedative and for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. In the present study the aerial parts of this medicinal plant was investigated for its flavonoid glycosides content.

n-butanol fraction derived from hydroalcoholic extract of S. lavandulifolia was subjected to phytochemical analysis using chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 and RP-18 silica gel columns. The structures of isolated compounds were identified using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and UV spectral analysis.

Four flavone glycosides, chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), apigenin-7-O-(6″O-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), apigenin-7-O-β-Dglucopyranoside (4), along with apigenin (5) and chlorogenic acid (6) were isolated from S. lavandulifolia aerial parts.

Identification of these phenolic compounds with some known biological activities in S. lavandulifolia explains some medicinal properties reported for this species and make scientific rationale for its traditional uses.

Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) is a medicinal plant of Asteraceae. This plant is native to the southern Mediterranean and North Africa, and today it is cultivated in many parts of the world for medicinal and nutritional purposes. Capitols are the edible part of the plant and its leaves are used in the pharmaceutical industry. Artichoke has a special place in the pharmaceutical and traditional medicine industry due to its various polyphenols and flavonoids, with an important pharmaceutical and antioxidant effect. Artichokes leaf has anti-oxidative, antibacterial, choleretic and diuretic. In addition, artichoke extract reduces cholesterol and lipids due to the biosynthesis of cholesterol. Chlorogenic acid and cynarin are the major components of the plant and the medicinal properties are mainly related to them. The present study addresses the different aspects of this plant.

 Considerable amounts of different phytochemicals can be found in Artichoke which make it suitable for herbal remedies. More studies about the other useful and unknown properties of this multipurpose plant are essential.

As an important group of health problems, glucose metabolism disorders are associated with a number of diseases as well as mortality rate. Recently, studies have demonstrated that the consumption of decaffeinated coffee‑enriched chlorogenic acid (CGA) can reduce the risk of diabetes and blood glucose rise, while the results of some previous studies have shown an opposite effect. Hence, a systematic search was conducted based on literature search and appropriate keywords through PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Knowledge, Science direct, Medline, Cochrane, and Scopus databases from 2003 to 2018. After searching, 1593 articles were found. Then, we excluded papers based on the duplication and relevant for title and abstract, whereas 25 relevant articles remained for checking eligibility criteria. Since only randomized clinical trials studies (RCTs) could be included in the current study, six RCTs remained in end‑stage for qualitative synthesis. The results of reviewed studies showed no signifcant effect of decaffeinated coffee‑enriched CGA on blood glucose concentration. Although recent studies have suggested the effectiveness of decaffeinated coffee‑enriched CGA on blood glucose in animals, and there are various mechanisms for this effect, and the result of our review showed that there is not suffcient evidence for this claim in healthy humans. Hence, further research in this area seems necessary.

Chlorogenic acid (CGA) is a major polyphenolic component of coffee. Reduction in the risk of a variety of diseases following CGA consumption has been mentioned in recent studies. The effect of CGA on learning and memory in rats with cognitive deficit induced by intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (STZ) and acetylchoinesterase (AChE) activity was evaluated in this study. For this purpose, 32 male Wistar rats (250-290 g) were divided into four different groups as: control, control plus CGA, STZ treated group, and CGA-treated STZ group. STZ was injected (bilaterally, 3 mg/kg body weight, on days 1 and 3). CGA was administered through intraperitoneal route at a dose of 50 mg/kg for 14 days started one week after STZ injection. To evaluate the spatial learning and memory, Y maze (alternation behavior) and passive avoidance tests were used. Finally, AChE activity was measured via specific kits in hippocampal homogenate. CGA-treated STZ group did not show significant improvement in spontaneous alternation behavior as compared to STZ group. In passive avoidance test, there was significant difference between STZ and CGA-treated STZ groups. In the latter group, learning and memory was improved. In STZ group, AChE activity as compared to control group significantly increased and treatment with CGA significantly decreased the levels of AChE. Administration of CGA can improve learning and memory in passive avoidance test with apparently no improvement of spatial memory. Also, CGA can modulate the AChE activity in the hippocampus. Therefore, these results demonstrate the effectiveness of CGA in preventing part of cognitive deficits caused by ICV STZ in rats and also show its potential in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease.