جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « type 1 » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

High-tempo music is commonly used during exercise to enhance physical activity. Post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation, responsible for cardiac recovery, is crucial for predicting cardiac arrhythmia and overall heart health. Previous studies have demonstrated positive effects of music on exercise performance in healthy individuals. However, little is known about its impact on diabetic (Type II) females and young adults. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of listening to high-tempo music during exercise on workout performance and parasympathetic reactivation in these populations.

We evaluated a total of 70 females, including healthy individuals (n=36) and diabetic (Type II) females (n=34). Prior to the experiment, lipid profile and cardiac risk ratio were measured in blood samples taken one week before the active sessions. Each participant underwent two separate active sessions: one session involved running without music, and the other involved running while listening to music for a duration of 6 minutes. Heart rate was measured before running and at zero, five, and ten minutes after exercise. Running distance was also recorded.

In healthy adults, running distance significantly increased when listening to music during exercise compared to the non-music session (P<0.0001). Additionally, heart rate was significantly higher at time zero during running with music compared to the non-music session (P<0.0001). However, heart rate recovery was superior 10 minutes after exercise in the music group compared to the non-music group in diabetic females (P<0.0001).

 Listening to high-tempo music during exercise may increase sympathetic activity and enhance exercise performance, particularly in healthy young adults. Interestingly, listening to music during exercise may accelerate parasympathetic reactivation to a greater extent in diabetic females, potentially reducing the risk of arrhythmias during the resting period without enhancing exercise performance

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases among pediatric patients. Current research indicates that efforts to prevent diabetes in children and teenagers have not been successful. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with diabetes among children and adolescents.

This systematic review was conducted through literature searches in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and Medline databases. The search filter incorporated terms such as diabetes mellitus, T1DM, T2DM, child, and adolescent.

The initial database search retrieved 9,949 articles. Ultimately, only 15 studies met the criteria and proceeded to the next stage for extraction and analysis. Based on the analysis of the eligible studies, various risk factors for the incidence of diabetes in children and adolescents were identified and categorized into non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors. Non-modifiable factors included family history of diabetes, ethnicity, gender, and age. Additionally, maternal pregnancy and unmarried parents were found to contribute to the incidence of diabetes in children. Modifiable risk factors included obesity, sedentary behavior, physical activity, smoking history, and diet.

Family history of diabetes mellitus and obesity are the main risk factors for diabetes. There is a significant relationship between modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.

 Given the impact of high intake of sugar-sweetened beverages on type 2 diabetes, intervention to reduce their consumption can be a top priority for any health system. Thus, the purpose of the present study is to simulate the impact of policy options related to reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) on the prevalence and mortality of type 2 diabetes in Iranian men and women.

 A discrete event simulation (DES) model was used to predict the effect of several policy options on the prevalence and death from type 2 diabetes in Azar Cohort Databases. Population age- and sex-specific prevalence and incidence rate of diagnosed diabetes were derived from the national health data. The Preventable Risk Integrated Model (PRIME) model was used for coding the input parameters of simulation using R and Python software.

 The prevalence and mortality rate of type 2 diabetes under the scenario of reduced consumption of SSBs indicated that the highest and the lowest prevalence and mortality rates of type 2 diabetes for men and women were related to no policy condition and replacing SSBs with healthy drinks, like water, respectively. Also, the maximum “number of deaths postponed/ prevented” from type 2 diabetes was related to replacing SSBs with water (n=2015), and an integration of reformulation and applying 10% tax on SSBs (n=1872), respectively.

 Simulating the effect of different policy options on reducing the consumption of SSBs showed “replacing of SSBs with water” as the most effective policy option in Iranian setting.

Depressive disorders are morecommonin patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) compared to the general population.

Due to heterogeneous evidence on the impact of antidepressants on serum glucose profile, this study was conducted to examine the effects of sertraline and fluoxetine on serum glucose levels in patients with comorbid depression and diabetes.

In this randomized controlled trial, 40 adult patients with DM and depression were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 20 per group). The first group received 50 - 200 mg/day of sertraline, and the second group received 20 - 60 mg/day of fluoxetine. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) was used to determine depression severity, and body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, serum lipid profile, fasting blood sugar (FBS), 2-hour post-prandial blood glucose, and HbA1c were measured at the baseline and 12 weeks after the intervention.

Body mass index (P = 0.40), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.41), FBS (P = 0.46), 2-hour post-prandial blood glucose (P = 0.53), HbA1c (P = 0.59), serum total cholesterol (P = 0.78), and LDL cholesterol (P = 0.62) insignificantly reduced in both groups after the intervention compared to the baseline; however, the reduction in serum triglyceride level was statistically significant (P = 0.04). Also, the depression severity score was reduced in both groups; however, the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.27).

In adult patients diagnosed with comorbid depression and type II diabetes mellitus, three months of treatment with sertraline or fluoxetine comparably mitigated depressive symptoms and reduced HbA1c, FBS, and 2-hour post-prandial blood glucose.

Patients’ adherence to the therapeutic regimen predicts the success of treatment and reduces the complications and severity of the disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention based on Teach-back method with adherence to treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. We performed a quasi-experimental study on 90 patients with type 2 diabetes in the control and experimental groups. Data collection tools were a two-part questionnaire which consisted of the demographic information and the Mandaloo treatment adherence questionnaire with 40 questions. An educational intervention was performed for the members of the intervention group. One week and forty days after the intervention, the two groups filled out the treatment adherence questionnaire again. The gathered data were analyzed in SPSS software version 22 using statistical tests of Wilcoxon, Chisquare, Makhli, Ben Foroni, the repeated-measures variance of analysis, and independent t-test. The significance level in this study was considered less than 0.05. The mean scores of adherence to treatment in the training group before the intervention, one week, and forty days after the intervention were 120.52±11.49, 157.60±17.96, and 140.65±18.80, respectively; also, in the control group, the mean scores were 113.38±16.89, 150.67±18.58, and 145.02±18. 47, respectively. There was no difference in terms of adherence to treatment between the control and experiment groups (P=0.164). The findings also showed that adherence to treatment in both groups in all three measurement times was at the fitness level.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a prevalent chronic disease among children and adolescents, necessitating effective self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) levels. Understanding the determinants and factors influencing SMBG behavior is crucial for optimizing diabetes management in this population.

This study aimed to investigate the frequency of SMBG and identify the determinants influencing factors in children and adolescents with T1DM.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran, Iran, and included 275 participants selected through simple random sampling from the Gabric Diabetes Education Association. The inclusion criteria comprised children and adolescents aged 3 - 18 years diagnosed with T1DM for at least 6 months who were using analog or neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) and regular insulin subcutaneously. Patients using insulin pumps were excluded. Data collection involved an online questionnaire covering demographic information (e.g., age, gender, educational status, and parental occupations) as well as clinical information (number of hypoglycemic episodes, hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) levels, diabetes duration, insulin regimen, diabetes complications, glucose monitoring practices, hospitalizations, and behavioral characteristics). Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, correlation tests, and Poisson regressions, were performed using SPSS software (version 21). A significance level of P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

The participants had a mean age of 10.00 ± 3.77 years, with 54.2% being males. Most of the participants (87.3%) were students, and the mean age of diagnosis was 6.56 ± 3.73 years, with a mean duration of 44.72 ± 36.32 months. Anthropometric investigations revealed mean height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) values of 136.69 ± 21.11 cm, 37.45 ± 15.51 kg, and 18.31 ± 3.55 kg/m2, respectively. The majority of participants (93.5%) used insulin pens, and the mean daily insulin dosage was 35.34 ± 22.20 IU. Parents reported consistent glucose level monitoring in 64.7% of cases. The mean HbA1c level was 7.91 ± 1.58%. Factors such as the price and availability of glucometer strips influenced glucose level monitoring. In univariate analysis, only age and HbA1C levels showed a negative correlation; however, parents’ consistent checking showed a positive correlation with the frequency of daily, weekly, or monthly glucose checking.

This study underscores the significance of SMBG in children and adolescents with T1DM. The findings emphasize the critical role of price and availability of glucometers and strips in achieving standard care for T1DM patients.

The stress of surgery itself results in metabolic disturbance. Few studies have mentioned how to manage the metabolic profile of diabetic patients after discharge from the hospital. The present study aimed to determine the effect of home care on metabolic profile and blood pressure in type 2 diabetic patients who underwent general surgeries.

Seventy type 2 diabetic patients who were undergoing surgery were assigned to the intervention and control groups via blocking order. The intervention group received a 3‑month home care with an interprofessional team approach. The levels of fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol, triglycerides, high‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‑c), low‑density lipoprotein cholesterols, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were measured before and three months after the intervention in both groups. In the control group, only routine care was performed in the postsurgery period. Data were entered in SPSS software version 23 and were analyzed.

There were no significant differences between the intervention and control groups for background characteristics. Systolic blood pressure (P < .001), diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.005), lipid profile (P = 0.001) [except for triglycerides level], fasting blood glucose (P = .001), and HbA1c (P = .003) decreased significantly in the intervention group. After controlling baseline data by applying analysis of covariance, a significant increase in HDL‑c (P = .032) was seen. Also, the difference between the mean percentage of variations in HbA1c levels between intervention and control groups was significant.

Our study showed improvement in HbA1c and HDL‑c levels with home care programs in patients with diabetes who underwent general surgeries. More studies with longer follow‑ups are necessarily addressing the effects of home care on other metabolic parameters in these patients.

Diabetes Self‑Management Education and Support (DSMES) as a framework focuses on seven self‑care behaviors. Moreover, technology‑assisted self‑care education is increasingly suggested for patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, we examined the effect of a web‑based program on self‑care behaviors and glycated hemoglobin values in patients with diabetes mellitus. 

This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at Alzahra Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, between April and November 2020 and included 70 patients with T2DM. Data were collected using a questionnaire that included a demographic information section and a diabetes self‑management section with 21 questions on a Likert scale. Fasting blood samples (2.50 ml) were collected before and after the interventions to measure HbA1c levels. The study intervention involved a web‑based program that included multimedia educational content (such as videos, lectures, educational motion graphics, text files, posters, and podcasts) presented in seven sections based on DSMES over a 21‑day period with monitoring by an instructor.

The mean scores for healthy eating (F = 3.48, p = 0.034) and medication adherence (F = 6.70, p < 0.001) significantly increased in the interventional group, while the mean scores for being active, monitoring, reducing risks, problem‑solving, and healthy coping did not significantly change. Additionally, the mean differences in HbA1c values significantly improved in the interventional group compared to the control (F = 5,1, p = 0.026).

A web‑based program in accordance with DSMES improved HbA1c levels and increased scores for healthy eating and medication adherence in patients with T2DM. However, further research with larger sample sizes and qualitative interviews is needed.

One extremely important public health challenge worldwide is diabetes mellitus. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a rising concern around the globe. Early revealing of Type 2 diabetes mellitus is very significant in that morbidity associated with the condition can be decreased. Studies have proposed that insulin-like growth factor-1 has roles similar to that of insulin. The existing study was implemented to reveal the alliance of single nucleotide polymorphism rs10860860 of the IGF-1 gene with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Materials &

This case-control study was conducted in Merjan Hospital in Babylon Province, Iraq, in 2022. The available random sampling method selected two groups of healthy individuals (n=50 as control) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (n=158 as study). The serum levels of glucose and zinc were determined by spectrophotometric method. The serum IGF-1 level was estimated using the sandwich ELISA technique. The students’ T and Chi-square tests were used to assess data in SPSS 21 software.

The different levels of glucose, zinc, and IGF-1 were significant between the two groups. Genotyping frequencies of the IGF-1 gene deviated from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium in the control group (χ2=9.158; p=0.002) while were consistent in the study group (χ 2=2.482; p=0.115). The AT genotype was associated with lower odds of Type 2 diabetes mellitus than those of the wild genotype AA.   

The AT genotype of IGF-1 gene SNP rs10860860 negatively associates with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Omentin-1 plays an important role in insulin function. Despite numerous studies, the effect of interval training on this adipokine is still vague. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on serum glucose, insulin, insulin resistance (IR), omentin-1 serum levels, and gene expression in the visceral adipose tissue in type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats.

In an experimental study, 20 male rats (8-10 weeks, weight: 250-270 g) were randomly divided into 2 groups: diabetic control (N=10) and diabetic training (N=10). The training protocol was 30 minutes of HIIT (1-min run, 2-min rest) performed 5 days a week for 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, omentin-1 serum level, and gene expression were measured in the visceral fat 48 hours after the last exercise for both groups.

The HIIT resulted in lower serum glucose and insulin resistance (P = 0.001), higher serum omentin-1 levels (P = 0.001), and higher visceral fat gene expression (P = 0.004) in the training group compared to the control group.

Lower serum glucose and insulin resistance and higher omentin-1 serum levels and gene expression in the training group can prove the effectiveness of HIIT training in T2D, although further research is required.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from the autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. The objective of the present study was to describe the one year (2019-2020) incidence of T1DM in Hamadan west region of Iran.

All 25 new patients with T1DM resident of Hamadan and its suburbs registered in Besat Hospital, Hamadan, Iran, from March 2019 to 2020 were prospectively reviewed. Information including age, sex, place of residence (urban or rural), season of diagnosis and season of birth were taken from parents through face-to-face interviews.

During 1 year survey, a total of 57 cases of newly diagnosed T1DM were identified in our center. Among these, 25 patients were residents of Hamadan city and suburbs. Based on this15 per 100 000 per year new cases T1DM occurred in the resident population of Hamadan areas, higher in boys than in girls (18 vs. 11 per 100 000).The mean age of diagnosis was 8.03 yr. The peak incidence was observed at the age group of 10-14 years. 92% were urban .Most cases were diagnosed in the autumn (44%). 52% had a history of neonatal jaundice and 16% had stressful life events in the family before the onset of diabetes.

Our study showed a relatively high incidence of T1DM according category of the WHO, being greater in boys and in the age group of 10 to 14 years. The incidence is lower than in some Middle Eastern countries.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), one of the most common endocrine disorders in children, is anautoimmune disease that manifests itself as an increase in blood sugar as a result of impaired insulin produc-tion due to the destruction of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. To treat this disease, along with the useof insulin and numerous drug protocols, the use of herbal medicinal supplements has always been considered.However, due to the lack of studies related to these supplements, there is not enough evidence for their thera-peutic use.

We investigated the therapeutic effectiveness of a cinnamon medicinal supplement with a dose of50 mg every 8 hours per day, on glucose hemostasis in patients with T1DM. Thirty patients with T1DM wereenrolled. They are subjected to sampling and examination of blood sugar indicators, including fasting bloodsugar and hemoglobin A1c, as well as indicators of insulin consumption (total daily dose of insulin) and insulinresistance, including the ratio of insulin to carbohydrates on days 0, 90 and 180 of the start of treatment withcinnamon.

The level of hemoglobin A1c in this group had a significant decrease. Also, there was no significantincrease in the amount of insulin consumption in the drug supplement-consuming groups in contrast to thecontrol group during six months.

The use of cinnamon supplements along with treatment protocols has a significant effect in reduc-ing hemoglobin A1c during six months of treatment in these patients. These results can be useful in promotingthe use of therapeutic supplements in the treatment of patients with diabetes.

Due to the important influence of glycemic control on oral health, this study aimed to compare the gingival index and decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving insulin and metformin.

In this cross-sectional study, 130 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with insulin and metformin were studied in two groups based on the type of treatment. The information for DMFT and gingival indices were obtained using the oral examination. In the insulin group, participants received insulin Lantus 0.2 unit/kg once daily, and in the metformin group, participants received metformin tablets 500 mg every 12 hours. Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured by lab test in all participants. Finally, HbA1c, the information of DMFT, and gingival indices were compared between the two groups.

The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in decayed, missed, and restored teeth, as well as the overall DMFT index between the two groups. The gingival index was significantly higher in the insulin group (P=0.046).

Gingival health of insulin users is poorer than metformin users, but it seems that type of diabetes treatment does not affect the DMFT index.

This study is to determine the effect of the family‑centered intervention (FCIS) on the key indicators of diabetes management and Control control in patients with type‑2 diabetes.

The present study is a quiz‑ experimental study with a randomized control group. Participants were 64 patients with type‑2 diabetes visiting Ali Asghar Hospital of Isfahan in 2018. The eligible patients were assigned to either the intervention group or the control group (i.e., patient‑center care) through block randomization. FCIS were implemented in 4 two‑hour sessions as home visits while the patients and their caregivers were present. Data were collected twice‑i.e. before the intervention and 12 weeks after it‑ and were analyzed, by running a t‑test (α = 0.05), using SPSS‑21.

The mean ± SD age of participants was 50.4 ± 8.5. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the mean weight, serum levels of FBS and A1C, physical activity, energy intake, and BMI before intervention. But, a significant improvement in the mean values of these variables in the intervention group after the intervention, compared with the control group was indicated (P < 0.05).

This study suggests that FCIS are more effective than patient‑center care in the management and control of type‑2 diabetes. Therefore, it is recommended that the family be considered in educational interventions.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial genetic condition caused by the combination of genes and environmental factors. Several variations linked to T2DM have been discovered in recent genetic investigations, particularly genome -wide association studies (GWAS ). This study aimed to investigate genes involved in T2DM , focusing on the NGS analysis and studying the genetic basis of T2DM to improve diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.

We selected 5 families based on the diagnosis of diabetes at the age of 30 years or earlier in at least 3 consecutive generations for NGS analyses.

For each of the 5 participants tested thus far, a mean of 11 to 21 variants of clinical significance were detected. These variants were located in different genes , which indicate the association of these genes with susceptibility to diabetes. WFS1 and INS gene mutations were present in all five diabetic patients analyzed. Specifically, mutations in WFS1, KCNJ11, ABCC8, HNF1B, INS, GCKR, HNF1A and PCSK1N account for 25%, 13%, 8%, 7%, 7%, 6%, 6% and 6% of patients, respectively.

WFS1 is the most often altered gene in our participants with putative alterations, according to our findings (25 %). WFS1 mutations were discovered in all of the probands.

This study aimed to investigate human papillomavirus (HPV) type prevalence in our region and the relationship between uterine cervical HPV types and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)/intraepithelial lesions.

HPV test results were obtained from patient file archives of the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic. Pathology report results were obtained from the digital records of the Pathology Laboratory and the patient file archives of the Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic in 2018.

The most frequently detected was HPV16 (29.2%), followed by HPV51 (13.1%), HPV56 (11%), HPV31 (9.2%), HPV52 (8.4%), and HPV68 (8.2%). HPV16 was positive in 50% of patients diagnosed with SCC, 54.9% of patients with HSIL, 27% of patients with LSIL, and 25% of cases diagnosed as benign (P<0.001). HPV18 was positive in 25% of patients diagnosed with SCC, 11% of patients with HSIL, 4.7% of patients with LSIL, and 5.2% of cases diagnosed as benign (P=0.019).

The most frequent hrHPV genotype was HPV16, followed by HPV51, HPV 56, and HPV 31. There is an increase in the frequency of HPV51 and HPV56. HPV51, not included in HPV vaccines and is the second most frequent, should be included in these vaccines. In addition, although the frequency of HPV18 has decreased, HSIL and SCC generation is still high together with HPV16.

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic disease with a high prevalence globally, which is in the second place of importance for the investigation of chronic diseases. According to previous studies, Quality of Life (QOL) is low in diabetic patients. Hence, this study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the effect of the empowerment model on the QOL of patients with T2D.

A randomized controlled trial was performed on 103 T2D patients over 18 years of age, with a definitive diagnosis of diabetes and medical records in a diabetic center. Patients were randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control groups. Routine education was presented to the control group, and the empowerment model was used for education in the experimental group for 8 weeks. The data collection tools used consisted of a demographic characteristics form and the diabetic clients QOL questionnaire. The one‑way analysis of variance, Chi‑square test, paired t</em>‑test, and independent t</em>‑test were used for data analysis.

After the intervention, there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of the physical (p </em>= 0.003), mental (p </em>= 0.002), social (p </em>= 0.013), economic (p </em>= 0.042), and illness and treatment dimensions of QOL (p </em>= 0.033), as well as the total QOL score (p </em>= 0.011).

According to the results of this study, the training program based on empowerment significantly increased the QOL of patients with T2D. Therefore, using this method can be recommended in patients with T2D.

In the current work, a novel ZnO-Cu2O heterojunction was synthesized from ZnO nanorods and Cu2O nanoparticles via hydrothermal route and was applied for the first time as a visible light active photocatalyst for decomposition of Paraoxon insecticide. Crystallinity, shape and size of particles, and optical properties of the synthesized heterojunction nanocomposites were evaluated by XRD, FESEM, EDS, Mott-Schottky, photocurrent analysis and UV-Visible spectroscopy analyses. Based on the obtained results the ZnO-Cu2O heterojunction nanocomposite was successfully synthesized and compared to pure ZnO semiconductor has the enhanced photocatalytic efficiency. The nanocomposite with 40% weight percentage of Cu2O has the best photocatalytical activity of 0.0201 min-1, which could be related to the improvement of optical properties (increasing of the visible light harvesting ability) and the reduction of the recombination of the photoinduced electron-hole pairs. In addition, according to the radical trapping tests and Mott-Schottky experiments, superoxide radical was determined as the main oxidizing species for photocatalytic degradation of Paraoxon, and a type II charge transfer process was proposed for the improved photocatalytic activity.