نشریه اصول بهداشت روانی
سال چهاردهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 54، تابستان 1391)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate computer game's effectiveness in mentally retarded persons. This study was a clinical trial (2004-2005), in which two centers of mentally retarded residential institutions in Tehran were selected on the base of willing to cooperate and easy access. Randomly one of them assigned to case group and the other to control group. And 30 persons selected from each, randomly. Computer game programs were implemented in 12 3-sessional weeks. Attention score calculated using Toulouse-Pieron test, in three sessions: pre intervention, exactly after intervention and 5 weeks after intervention. Descriptive analysis, T test and one way ANOVA, and Repeated measure were used respectively for demographic date, comparing groups and attention score comparing in different sessions. Statistic operations were performed using IBM SPSS 19. The results showed that exactly after intervention, mean attention score was 19.33 and 9.09 respectively in case and control group. The intervention had a significant impact on the attention score (F1.3, 75.2=13.7, P<0.001). And in the stage 3 a decline in the attention score of case group was seen. We can conclude that computer game intervention for 35 sessions could affect mentally retarded person's attention score. But this attention score would be going to decline, 5 weeks after intervention. So this intervention wasnt durable.

In the present study, the relation of depression, anxiety, self-esteem, marital satisfaction, demographical factor and early maternal complications with Fear of childbirth in primiparous women have been analyzed. This study which was done on 100 term primiparous women who referred for caring in last month of pregnancy to prenatal clinic of Omolbanin hospital. Women who had inclusion criteria and consented for participation in this study, filled the questionnaires include personal, demographic, and social characteristics. Fear of childbirth was assessed by a research designed questionnaire, satisfaction from matrimonial life,self-esteem, anxiety, and depression in participants were determined by using Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire, Rosenberg scale, Spiel-berger test, Beck depression inventory. After delivery outcomes of their childbirth were recorded and data were analyzed by using SPSS software (version 13) and statistical tests (Pearson correlation, Spearman rating, Man-Whitney, Kolmogorov-Smirnov). The average age was 22.54 +/-3.7 within the range of 16-36 years. There was a positive and significant correlation between the level of individual's covert and overt anxiety and fear of childbirth (P<0.05). There also was a negative and significant correlation between the level of knowledge about the process of natural childbirth, the rate of cooperation in childbirth, and Apgar score of the neonate with fear of childbirth (P<0.05). There was no significant relationship between the rate of self-esteem, depression, satisfaction from matrimonial life, age, education, income, and early maternal complications with fear of childbirth (P>0.5). Fear of childbirth in primiparous had a positive and significant correlation with covert and overt anxiety but a negative and significant relationship with level of knowledge about the process of natural childbirth, rate of cooperation in childbirth and Apgar score.

This study aimed to assess the rules of demographic variables and body mass index in sleep quality among medical students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. In this descriptive study, in 2007-2008 the random sample of 310 medical students, including 222 male and 88 female, completed a researcher made demographic questionnaire and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. A total score of more than 5 were considered as the poor sleep quality. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and chi-square, exact Fischer and U Mann-Whitney tests. Based on data, 39.8% of the students had poor sleep quality. Gender (P=0.003) and body mass index (≥25 and <25) (P<0.19) had significant relationship and marital status (P=0.547) and age (P=0.500) had no significant relationship with sleep quality. Also, there was no significant relationship between sleep quality of students who live in university dormitories and those of non-dormitory residents (P=0.109). According to significant differences of BMI in men compare to women (P<0.00001), results showed that no significant differences of sleep quality in men and women with BMI≥25 (P=1.00). On the other hand, in BMI<25, male students had poor sleep quality compare to female students (P=0.019). Compared with the similar studies, the high prevalence of poor sleep quality among Mashhad medical students needspecial attention andfurtherresearchesto are needed to identifyfactors associated withsleep quality of medical students.

The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of attachment-based therapy on rate of mental health (reduction of depression, hyper anxiety and oppositional defiant) in girl students of primary school who had attachment problems. This is an empirical study with pretest-posttest and control group that accomplished in 2011. The target samples were 34 individuals of 388 2nd and 4th grade students of primary school that had highest scores on attachment and behavioral problems (depression, hyper anxiety and oppositional defiant). Evaluation implemented using Randolph attachment disorder questionnaire (RADQ) and Ontario mental health test. Mothers were participated in 10 sessions of grouptherapy with attachment-based intervention and its effects were assessed in their girl`s mental health (reduction rate of depression, hyper anxiety and oppositional defiant symptoms). SPSS-16 software and descriptive statistics and covariate analysis method were used to analyze the data. The mean post- test (P<0.05) and follow up (P<0.05) scores of depression, hyper anxiety and oppositional defiant symptoms in the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The reduction rate which was reported for these symptoms totally was 0.72 in posttest and 0.85 in three months follow up. The attachment based therapy was effective for increase of mental health in the girls with attachment problems and the mother`s continues attention to interventional methods caused more improvement in follow up evaluation.

Chronic pain has some deleterious outcomes such as suicide. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between depression, pain self-efficacy, and suicidal ideation. In a descriptive study, from spring to summer 2011 in Tehran, 264 patients with chronic pain were selected via a convenience sampling method. These patients completed suicidal ideation, depression and pain self-efficacy questionnaires. The collected data were analysed, using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. While there was a significant and positive correlation between suicidal ideation and depression (r=0.56, P<0.01), there was a significant and negative correlation between suicidal ideation and pain self-efficacy (r=-0.36, P<0.01). The result of multiple regression analysis indicates that pain self-efficacy plays a moderating role in the relationship between depression and suicidal ideation. There is a significant relationship between depression and suicidal ideation in chronic pain patients. Furthermore, pain self-efficacy moderates the association between depression and suicidal ideation. The results provide further support for cognitive–behavioral pain self-management programs and point to the potential benefits of interventions aimed to increase sense of pain self-efficacy among patients suffering from chronic pain.

One of the most important factors related to onset and maintenance of substance abuse is early maladaptive schemas. The present study was conducted to compare early maladaptive schemas in opium dependence and non dependence people. This study was carried out in 2011 among men (aged 15-65 years) of Zahedan (Iran). Overall 240 participants were asked to complete the Young Schemas Questionnaire-short form. One hundred and twenty of participants were recruited from people who met DSM-IV criteria of substance dependence disorder and other 120 subjects selected from general population (men, aged 15-65 years) of Zahedan. This research was post expose factorand in addition to descriptive methods was used t tests method to data analysis compare. Results have shown that substance dependent patients had significantly higher scores for most maladaptive schemas including disconnection, impaired autonomy, performance and over-vigilance than non dependent people (P<0.01). Because maladaptive thoughts are core beliefs and they develop in early years of life and hypothesized to play a significant role in development of substance use, thus preventive and treatment strategies for addressing the maladaptive and dysfunctional thoughts highly recommended.

The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral training and reality therapy (based on choice theory) on self-esteem of students. The present study is a quasi-experimental with pre-test and post test analysis and control group. The statistical population includes all female students of high schools in Mashhad (educational year 2009-2010). Participants were chosen by random selection method and randomly allocated in three groups. Two groups received cognitive-behavioral and reality therapy training for 2 months (8 sessions of 2 hours), while the control group received no training at all. Data were collected by Cooper Smith self-esteem questionnaire scale which was given to the test subjects after completion of the trainings. The collected data was put to one way variance analysis, covariance analysis and Scheffe’s test. The study demonstrated that group reality therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy training had positive effects on the self-esteem improvement in both groups who received interventions (P<0.00001, F=16.06) in comparison to the control group. Actually, both methods were effective in boosting self-esteem. Both cognitive behavioral and reality therapy methods were found effective in increasing self-esteem.