نشریه آینه پژوهش
سال بیست و چهارم شماره 3 (پیاپی 141، امرداد و شهریور 1392)

Mutazilite interpretive tradition not only has widely remained inImāmi interpretive tradition, but also has shown the main formative factor of ImāmiInterpretive Imāmi tradition. In the present article, the author is going to review Al-Tahdhib fi TafsÐr Al-Qur’an by HākemJashmi and al-Kashāf by Zamakhshariin order to prove thatMutazilite interpretive tradition has been absorbed in many of Imāmi and Sunni interpretive traditions. In this regard, the author, first of all, present some proofs and examples to examine the impact of Jashmi’sTahdhib on Tabarsi’sMajma’al-Baiān. Then, he continues with studying how much Rāzi has been affected by Zamakhshari’sal-Kashāfin his book Mafātih al-Gheib. Finally, in two annexes he provides the interpretation of Monāfequn surah in Jashmi’sTahdhib and Rāzi’s quote about Vāhedi’sal-BasÐt and Zamakhshari’sal-Kashāf.

Inthe realm ofIslamic civilization, classification has beenconsidered very important bymanyMuslim scholars.Sincethemiddle of the second century, various classificationsofscienceshave been offered. In the following paper, the authors have tried to present a history of the classification of the sciences from the fourth to the fourteenth century. Following this, after talking about Sadr al-Fāzel’s biography and works, they are going to introduce his treatise Ïzāh al-Adab, which is devoted to the classification of the sciences, and to explain about the way of its classification. In the last part, regarding the classification of the sciences, they offer a comparative analysis of Sadr al-Fāzel’s views and the other scholars’ such as Fārabi, Khārazmi, Shirāzi, TāshKuparizāde, make a conclusion, and present some suggestions.

The issue of the features of the Prophet’s successor, of how to choose him, of whether sovereignty of an inferior (Mafzūl) person in human society is legitimized while there is a superior (Afzal) one or not are among the issues which has led to the split of the Muslims into different sects. Regarding this, the Mutazilah has turned into an in-depth dialogue. In the present article, the author has tried to discuss the question of Imamate who rules the society from Mutazilah’s point of view, and following this, he is going to speak about Baghdādis’ idea. In this regard, he, first of all, studies the historicalevolution oftheMutazilahschooland then discussesMutazilah’s approach to the issue of Imamate. The author continues with presenting the issue of whether the superior (Afzal) option should take the priority or the better (Fāzel) one; and states that the necessity of Imamate is necessary, or the permission of a better (Fāzel) Imamate is one of the most important subjects of theologians’ thought. Then he, accepting the necessity of a better (Fāzel) Imamate, goes to the othertheologians’ questionaboutwho isthebest ofUmma (nation)afterthe Prophet and talks about the instance of the best (afzal) after the Prophet. The other topics which are being discussed in the present article are as following: pointing out the reasons of the superiority of Imam from Iskāfi’s point of view, believing in the superiority (TafzÐl) of the ruler among the recent scholars of Basreh, and finally mentioning IbnHadid as one of the I’tezāli’s character.

The first modern theorists in the world of Islam have mostly been from Egypt or lived in there; and the result of their thoughts has always been worthy of note for the other parts of the world of Islam. Al-mashru’ al-Khesāribain al-Ahiā al-Islamiva al-Tahdith al-Gharbi by Ahmad Muhammad Jād Abdul Rāzeq is a report of the contemporary Egyptian scholars’ thoughts and trends and study their roots. The Author of the book divides the events into three main streams of religious renewal, revivalist or Salafi, and pro-westernism or liberal.In his book, he introduces the most important representatives of this movement, and classifies and analyses their works. Having studied the causes of their formation, he reviews their strong and weak points. In the following paper, the writer intends to introduce the book Islam civilization Program, from Islamic Revivalist to Western Modernity; therefore, he provides a summary of the book and its most important points.

One of Sheikh MojtabāQazvini’s works is Baiān al-Forghān, which is in five volumes. The first volume of the book titled Baiān al-Forghān fi TowhÐdal-Qur’an is about the Qur’anicTowhÐd (monotheism in the Qur’an) and its difference with monotheism in philosophy and mysticism. Having considered the importance of this book in the explanation of divine teachings, the author has tried to provide a report of it in the present article. Regarding this, he, firstly, talks about the structure and the compilation of the book; and then discusses the content of the first volume along with its confirmative topics.

Mr. Editor’s Difficulties by Mohsen Bāghbānis a book on editing which is consisted of nine parts every one of which includes some relevant articles. In the following article, the author intends to provide a report of this book; therefore, he is going to talk about the features pertaining to its style as well as its strong points, and then to analyze its weak points.

Civilizational Identity: the Production andReproduction of"Civilizations" in International Relations, editedby Martin Hall and Patrick Jackson, is one of the volumes of the collection of Religion and Culture in International Relations. First of all, the authors of the book try to show the readers the value of analysis of international politics in terms of civilizations; therefore, they consider the present approaches in this area, including the fundamentalist and non-fundamentalist ones, and intend to provide a positive view to the issue of civilization. In the following article, the authors have attempted to give a report of this book. This book has four parts every one of which incorporates several articles which are going to be examined by the writers.

FāzelBirjandi,an accomplishedmathematician, astronomer, andcommentator of astronomical works, has been skillful in themost importantbranchesofscience. Those of his works which nowadays are available for us can be categorized into two groups: firstly, the ones which were written by him; and secondly, the ones in which he explained about the previous scholars’ works. In the present article, the author intends to provide a report of FāzelBirjandi’s works; therefore, he, first of all, talks about his well-known Persian, and Arabic works. Following this, he tries to classify Birjandi’s works into groups of astronomy andastrology, geography, agriculture, logic, supplication andQuranic Sciences, mathematics, FÏqh (jurisprudence), and horoscope. Besides, he also classifies his works according to the type of writing including his own writing, his commentary on other works, and his translation of other works. Then, the author talks about the works attributed to Birjandy as well as the manuscripts of his works scattered in various libraries. In the last art, he is going to provide a list of the works in Birjandi’s handwriting which are available, and the ones which have been published.

Bibliographyasone ofthe bestsourcesofcollecting, arranging,and disseminatingwritten sourcesina particularsubject areahasa special placein providing the academic services. Having considered the importance of bibliographies in demonstrating the academic status of subjects and avoiding the repetitive research works through spreading information about publications in various subject areas, the author, in the present article, has tried to provide a report of the compiled bibliographies of hajj and pilgrimage which are available inside and outside the country. In line with this, after mentioning the bibliographic features of the bibliographies, he offers a brief introduction to the content and structure of every one of these bibliographies.