فصلنامه پژوهش های اجتماعی اسلامی
سال نوزدهم شماره 4 (زمستان 1392)

According to Islamic sources especially Nahj al-Balaqeh, the most important mission of all the prophets of presenting divine law (sharia) is two things.One of them is the reconstruction and improvement of lands and the other is to train the inwards of man and motivates the slept intellect in order to perceive necessary knowing. After abrief indication to the purposes of Islamic education and training,the author presents issue in two sections.In the first part, he states the specifications of Islamic Training School which are the fundamental approaches such as the approach to the intellect, emphasizing the practical appli cation and balance between science andman and society needs. In the second part, with relying on the mentioned approaches, it is guided to a good tradition which is now common in Shii Teaching Institutions (HawzayiIlmya) in two forms. First is the discussion of professors 'lessons by students and second are what are taught in advanced-Independent studies (high Hawzalessons-darskharij). Then, the writer with a review of presented issues clarifies an executive approach related to the stated method and dtermines some empirical points which are adopted from others experiences. The present note propounds this idea which the above- mentioned theory can be one of the highest advanced educational systems after a clear determining and explanation. It continues its discussion with a fundamental and strategic base and with a documentary, archiving method in a descriptive form. But it should be said that the complete explanation of this method is not possible here but as possible as it is stated and at the end of the paper, the result has been mentioned.

Is man's personality influenced by innate or environmental conditions? Different attitudes and sometimes contradictory have been declared. But it is certainty and is accepted the capable of being trained by Islam. This reality isrevealed by sending divine messengers and their responsibilityfor guidance of man. Hence, every divine prophet has taken an especial method and strategy which was related to their time to lead man. At the peak of these methods are the profoundteachings of Islam Prophet (p.b.u.h) which are the most effective ones. This note which has been titled "The Holy Prophet (p.b.u.h) Strategies on the Development of Personality"tries to argue the most important ways of the HighProphet (p.b.u.h) related to the guidance of man after a glance look to coneptology, referring to the factors which shape the personality and the personal growth in the foreground.

Notable attention to the virtues is a basic strategy in the material and spiritual enhancement of human being. The desire of creating anethical society has been an old concern of the scholars specialized in social religious realm. Re-reading of Nahj al-Balagheh in order to explore the ethical and effective thoughts as a guidance of social ethic of Muslims isthe fundamental aim of this paper. Todays, the change of the new patterns of social life and appearing different problems in the realm of social ethic has caused more efforts at this issue. This research with adopting Alavi doctrines from the precious collection of Nahj al-Balaqeh, first studies carefully Hazrat attitude about society and ethic then determines the most important examples of ethical virtues in the society realm. Truthfulness, self-control, generosity, foresight, patience and respecting the rights of others are the most important ethical specifications which should be more considered in the field of social ethic.

Infallibles (Masūmān) as interpreting the words of the revelation employ methods in their speech and conducts to transmit the concept of the religious training. with the examination of their traditions, these methods can be obtained and grouped in the different situations of the transmitting messages. The purpose of codifying this writing is to take and group some of these methods of transmit ion of training concepts according to the words and conducts of Imam Reza (p.b.u.h) with respect to this point that these methods have been mentioned in the different chapters of the imam's traditions. This point should be emphasized that the period of his Imamah (shii doctrine) specially three different periods and consequently different listeners can be a pattern for the manner of contemporary managers. This note aims to point out the methods such as supplications (duaa), using poet media and arguing method and also questions and answerswithlisteners. There are points in his manner which help this effective transmission like recommendations for prevention from excess and a few in people manner, recommendations for determining the relations to Shiites,patience in the relations in order to complete this process, imam's attention to the level of the listener's perception and clarifying gradual data to them.

The purpose of education and training has been constantly examined as the most important issue of training (education) and there is no agreement between the scholars. There are some scholars among the philosophers of education and training who have a universal and comprehensive approach to the education and training. It is necessary that this approach is considered by the scholars of education system. Ibnsina and Jean-Jacques Rousseau have been of these scholars who have examined their attitudes by this paper. Jean-Jacques Rousseau's opinion on this serious issue of training is more extensive and coherent in regard to his antecedents. Therefore, the comparison of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's opinions with ibnsina's one causes a deep comprehension to these attitudes. Also, the comparison of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's opinions with opinions of Ibnsina, who is a Muslim scholar, reveals that Islam is a moderate religion and in many cases which Rousseau has held immoderate views, Ibnsina clarifies a moderate view and in situations that Ibnsina has the same opinion of Rousseau, he with respect to Islam view has clarified the issue more perfectly and clearly.Generally, both of them have mappedout to train a safe and powerful(strong) child (who with a perfect satisfaction to play and jump up and down) knows the environment and nature andwith using his intellectual power and training his curios sensecan achieve discovery and learning in order to chooses a profession at adolescence according to his abilities and aptitudeswhich make him serve the community and become a man with good and social ethic. In this realm, they both have paid attention to the key role of the teacher as a leader.it is suggested to all educated and scholar community for education and training system to apply the different methods like encouragement, thinking, arguing and other useful methods which are mentioned by this paper.

It is impossible to perform the religious training without knowing the effective components (principles) of it. With reference to Islamic and training sources, it can be cited that four fundamental factors impact on the religious training of the child. These factors are innate, nourishment, environment al factors and factors related to the environment which are consisted of many examples. This paper aims to determine and reveal their impotencat the religious training of the child.

According to Islam School, religious and economic goals are in a perfect harmony up to that Islam views economy as an instrument of the development and superiorityof human being. Hence,with attention to the science, knowledge, innovation, encouragement to work, professional conscience, firm and discipline in work and practice, avoiding extravagance and prodigality (over consumption), asceticism and content in consumption, the best usage of God's gifts and efforts in production and not being dependent ant on foreign countriesfor our strategic goods, Islam economic cultureprovides a background to achieve a paradigm corresponds with Islam economic goals. It is possible to institutionalize such culture through the religious training in order to provide a strong loyalty to the religious beliefs and apply thosebeliefs. According to this, this research maps out to prove that thereis a meaningful relation between religious training and resistive economy. Religious training in economic dimension is really just getting expertise and making the best use of sources and increasing productivity.