نشریه تحقیقات اطلاع رسانی و کتابخانه های عمومی
پیاپی 91 (زمستان 1396)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the level of inequality and social inequalities gap in Urmia City considering the spatial distribution of public libraries and the urban places which have those services.
This is an analytical and descriptive study. The data gathered using a combination of documentation and field study. To evaluate the spatial justice in this study these variables were studied: distance from existing libraries, distance from main streets, distance from troublesome industries, population density, proximity to living places, proximity to green spaces, distance from commercial centers, proximity to educational centers, distance from health centers, usages adaptability, slope and distance from the fault line. , the evaluation and analysis of the data is done using Fuzzy method from 0 to 225 membership degrees.
Findings: The findings show that the number and spatial distribution of existing libraries in Urmia city is not sufficient for the demands and accessibility to the existing services is not proper. Therefore lack of 6900 square meters space in libraries can be replaced with establishing four new libraries, which is proper in terms of population indexes, accessibility and social justice and multiple spatial distributions. This would help improving the level of education, reading rate, living quality. As a result, the social justice index can be enhanced among Urmia people accordingly.
Originality/Value: This study shows relationship between development and social justice in public services distribution. Public libraries play a crucial role in enhancing public education and public knowledge. The proper distribution of the libraries can have an important impact on social justice.

The present research aims at studying the use of metadata standards in Persian manuscripts databases, and the types and frequencies of these standards in the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) procedure of these databases.
Research population consists of four Persian databases and 12 Latin databases. The research data is gathered through a checklist, using descriptive survey method, Delphi technique and is analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Findings: Findings show that manuscripts databases, the metadata standard TEI (81/4%), had the largest manuscript entry coverage, and the metadata standard Dublin Core had the smallest coverage. Among three metadata standards used Persian manuscripts databases, METS with the biggest frequency was the second most frequently-used over all manuscripts databases.
Originality/Value: The coverage level of components of the manuscripts by metadata standards is an important indicator for assessing the level of digital manuscript retrieval. This study compares the coverage of this coverage in four Persian manuscripts with 11 linear manuscripts outside Iran. It also provides solutions which are applicable in Iran

Due to the rapid changes in work environments and fast advancements in the information and communication technologies , the need for staff’s physical presence in work environment has been decreased. As a result, teleworking has been considered by organizations. This study investigates the views of library managers and librarians of Kerman province public libraries on teleworking and its strengths and weaknesses.
It adopted a survey method. Research population consisted of all librarians working in Kerman province public libraries. Based on an analysis of the literature on the theoretical foundations and related internal and external studies on teleworking a questionnaire was made by the researchers which was used for data gathering,. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by several librarians and library management specialists. Based on the Cronbach’s alpha, the reliability, rate of the questionnaire was identified as 0.83. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive and analytical statistical methods in SPSS.
Findings: Results showed that the managers and librarians of Kerman province were highly familiar with teleworking. There was no significant difference in their familiarity with teleworking considering their academic degrees and gender. From their views, the appropriate units of the libraries for teleworking were collection development department, cataloging, circulation, information units and circulation desk, respectively. Based on their viewpoints, the facilities needed for teleworking were computer, modem, fax, telephone and printer, respectively. The libraries could moderately provide facilities for Teleworking. They also highlighted reducing the time and cost of transportation and commuting as the most important factors for accepting telework, and reducing work stress due to low control as the least important factor in accepting teleworking. From their views, training managers and decision-makers can be the most important contributors in expanding telework.
Most librarians and library managers agreed with the use of telework, but these have not been considered in the libraries. Kerman Public libraries should provide the necessary infrastructure considering new technologies to be able to move towards teleworking.
Originality/value: There are few studies on the use of teleworking in public libraries. This study provides a framework for discussion on the benefits, obstacles and ways to expand teleworking in public libraries.

the main aim of this study is explore the experiences of Sanandaj public librarians’ users about advantages and disadvantages of online social networking in reading area and effectiveness solutions.
This study employed qualitative method using in-depth interview. The research participants consisted of 24 users of Sanandaj public librarians in 2016. The study used a purposeful sampling technique to recruit participants, and recruiting continued until data saturation was achieved. The method of analyzing data was “thematic analysis”.
Findings: From the analysis of the data 38 sub-themes and three main themes were emerged. The main themes included advantages, disadvantages and effectiveness solutions. In the category of advantages, the main topics included information availability, awareness, attraction, information exchange, communication, formation of social reading communities, leisure, promoting reading culture , marketing, creating willingness and spontaneity in reading, increasing reading and counseling.. In the category of disadvantages, the main topics included content weakness, time wasting, changes in reading behavior, needs, harmful effects on the body, addiction, visual appeal and misleading reading, instability content, structural constraints, lack of enjoyment of reading, being virtual, encouraged to aimless in reading, lack of clear achievement, lack of organized information, changing tastes and preferences of studies, negative impact on the publishing industry and the difficulty of acceptance and compatibility with new media among the elderly. In the category of effectiveness, the main topics included culture building, knowledge creation, training, content optimization, network optimization, need analysis, creating need, orientation, planning and control and monitoring. Each category also contained sub-topics more.
Originality/value: This study provides insights on the advantages, disadvantages and effectiveness solutions for using social networks and to take advantage of social media to promote reading among people.

This study investiges the level of organizational Sociability among librarians in comparison with organizational socialization of other staff in the organization of libraries, museums and documents center of Astane Qudse Razavi.
The present study was conducted through a survey method. The statistical population of this study consisted of all employees (including 625 librarians and non-librarians). Using a Cochran formula, a sample of 238 people was selected by stratified random sampling. Finally, 215 questionnaires were completed and collected. The research tool was a questionnaire of 20 questions of Taurinma's organizational socialization (1997). Data were analyzed using one-sample t-test and stepwise regression.
Findings: The results showed that there are significant differences in subscales of education and future prospects of librarians in comparison with other staff. Level of organizational socialization among librarians is more than other staff in the organization of libraries, museums and documents center of Astane Qudse Razavi.
value/originality: This study highlights the importance of the organizational socialization in the success of organizations and libraries. This is the first research that investigates the level of librarians organizational socialization in comparison with other staff. According to the findings, the high level of organizational socialization of librarians indicates that the sub scale of organizational socialization, education and future prospects are strong predictors for increasing organizational socialization. Finally, the level of librarian's organizational socialization appeared to be related to having homogenous society and expert staff.

his study aims is to identify and rank the usefulness indicator factors of the Public Libraries Vision 1404 from experts and faculty members point of view.
Method To conduct this study a survey method is used. Firstly, the indicator items in the 1404 vision document were identified and a questionnare was designed around these factors. The statistical population of the study consisted of faculty members and experts in the field of public libraries of which a sample was randomly selected. Data was analyzed using SPSS software.
Findings:The findings showed that the score for lending, staff and staff indices is higher than the benchmark score which reveals a significant difference. The membership rating and library space scores were higher than the benchmark score, but did not show any significant difference. There were also no significant differences in the ranking of indices, borrowing, collection, and staff ratios. Membership indices and library space did not differ significantly and were ranked next. Although the score for all indicators was higher than the benchmark, however, these indicators do not need to be changed, and the editing and review of some of the terms of each indicator seems necessary to fulfill the objectives of the vision document.
Originality/Value: This study provides insights on the ranking and usefulness of indicators for evaluating and controlling the public librarie's vision document.

This study investigates relationship between techno stress with job satisfaction of librarians in Ahvaz public libraries .
The present study was conducted using a survey method and correlation analysis was used to examine the results. The statistical population of this study consisted of all librarians in Ahvaz public libraries in 1394, of which 71 were chosen as the study sample. The data gathered using the Ragu-Nathan techno stress scale (2008) scale as well as Minnesota's Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (1952). Data were analyzed using SPSS software using Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression.
Findings: The results showed that there is a significant negative relationship between the constructivist factors of technological change, ie technology overload, technology influx, technology uncertainty, technology complexity and technological insecurity with job satisfaction of librarians. Also, the results of regression analysis indicated that there is a relationship between technology, technology overload, technology influx, technology uncertainty, technology complexity, and technological insecurity with job satisfaction of librarians. The complexity of technology was negatively the best predictor of job satisfaction.
Originality/ Value: This article shows with the increase in the complexity of technology, librarian's job satisfaction decreases, hence the expectations from the performance of librarians are not met. This highlights a need for technological training for librarians.