نشریه تعاون و کشاورزی
سال پنجم شماره 17 (بهار 1395)

This qualitative study was implemented using Grounded Theory to evaluate internal and external barriers of laying hens cooperatives in economic, social, cultural and organizational aspects and to determine appropriate solutions to the activation and development of these production units in Kermanshah Province. Data were collected through deep and semi-structured interviews with executives of cooperatives and union officials of laying hens. The data analysis was implemented using the constant comparative in a manner of Astraus and Corbin. Based on the findings, the most important challenges of egg producers are lack of efficient use of production capacity, lack of sub-industries in Kermanshah Province, fluctuations in the price of needed inputs, not suitable network for sales and distribution, lack of egg guaranteed purchase system, decisions of the government, lots of decision-making and policy-making bodies in the poultry industry, lack of organization for conducting and supporting egg producers and the absence of the tools necessary to support the export of eggs. The most important strategies for reducing problems in the poultry industry were improving the capacity of the poultry industry, resolving credit deficiency of poultry units by providing necessary liquidity by credit institutions and banks, centralization of decision-making, policy and advocacy; regulation of input provision system, and export incentives.

The main purpose of this paper was to identify and explain the challenges faced by the Iranian rural production cooperatives, based on a grounded theory paradigm. In this research, in order to collect data, 34 experts and planners views were gained by the use of deep interview technique. The main criterion for determining the sample size was set to achieve theoretical saturation point. All subjects were selected by the use of purposive and the snowball sampling method. Coding and data analysis were performed in three steps based on paradigmatic model of forthcoming challenges in the cooperative. The results showed that the most important challenge which cooperatives were faced with them included, "core capital”, “lack of knowledge and experience" and "legal gaps" which caused to leading to the creation of "excessive self-interest" in the rural production cooperatives in Iran.

This was an applied research aiming to study the role of cooperatives in reducing rural poverty. The area of study was Famenin district in Hamedan province and the population included all the members of three kinds of rural cooperatives i.e. agriculture, servicing, and industrial cooperatives. The studied sample group consisted of 130 members of the cooperatives in the study area. In addition to a deep documentary review, the main instrument for collecting necessary data and information from the field was a questionnaire that its validity was confirmed by a panel of experts. Also, its reliability was gained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α= 0/88). For analysis of the collected data SPSS22 software was used to analyze Coeffient variance and factor analysis in order to classify factors affecting from people’s participation in cooperative activities. Results showed that members’ participation had increased the amount of household saving, increased responsibility, improved village infrastructure, increased budget, accessed to educational and health availabilities, and reduced poverty in the study area.

Applying the entrepreneurial strategy ensures the improvement of competitiveness indexes among all other production factors, so that, in this research we intended to draw thee cooperative sector managers intentions to this important issue by the means of studying academic literatures and filed study. In this study, 386 questionnaires gathered among the senior managers of all production co-operatives in Iran which was reliable for analysis. Data were analyzed through structural equation modelling methodology by the use of the Smart Pls.2 software. The results showed there was a positive relation between the resources and capabilities of cooperatives and their entrepreneurial strategy, and also, there was a positive relationship between entrepreneurial strategy and competitiveness of cooperatives. Finally, the competitive environment had a significant impact on competitiveness and entrepreneurial strategies.

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors effecting job creation and pathology problems facing small and medium enterprises sectors, farming, and industry and creating entrepreneurial opportunities in rural areas of the province. The population of the study included 115 small and medium enterprises related both to the farming and industries in the province. The sample according to the method of Morgan and krejcie were randomly selected. The research method in this Regression Test and analytic research was based on library studies and data were collected by means of asking questions and also is analyzed by Eviews and Spss software. According to the results, the number of loans, more installments and initial capital significantly affected the success of cooperatives in creating jobs. Tested problems and challenges with different scores were effective on weakening the development of the SMEs. The problem of transportation system with a (M= 5.42) possessed the maximum effects and Lack of liquidity to continue operating and inadequate information on production and markets in sequence with (M=5.13) and (M=5.02) were in the next ranks and the minimum effect based on their view was related to the inadequate information on production and markets with the average (M=2.65).

The role of education in promoting culture of entrepreneurship in agricultural sectors is important. The purpose of this survey was to identify educational factors influencing entrepreneurship of agricultural cooperatives, evaluation of creativity and job innovation and entrepreneurial spirit of Khuzestan cooperatives managers (Ahvaz and Dezful). The population consisted of 100 agricultural cooperatives and Samples were 80 agricultural cooperatives in Khuzestan with using Krejcie and Morgan Table. Then 2 managers and board of directors for each cooperative (totally 160) were selected. Data collected by a questionnaire and personal interview. For analyzing data SPSS (16) was used. Validity of the questionnaires has been confirmed by faculty members and experts. Its reliability confirmed by using of pilot test in Ahvaz rural cooperatives. Cronbach's Alpha value was reported for technical and educational factors as 0.85 percent. Result indicated that education level of members and Implementation of educational courses with entrepreneurship target, rate of creativity and job innovation and entrepreneur spirit were important in cooperative’s success. Technical skills of manager, educational level, board of director’s professional and technical skills had most importance respectively.

Resistance economy as a main economic strategy in decade of justice and progress has its requirements. Peoplization of the economy and reducing the dependency to oil revenues are the main pillars of Resistance economy in the long run. It seems that cooperative economy on the basis of human and social capital and providing financial capital through micro savings can help to the fulfillment of requirements of resistance economy via its leverages: economic activities and value-creation in micro and macro levels, entrepreneurship and just distribution of wealth and revenues. According to general policies of Article 44, cooperative sector have to occupy 25 percent of GDP. However, the evidences show that there is a huge gap in this regard. Structural weaknesses as well as failure to fulfill the projected incentives communicated by the Supreme Leader are the main reasons of this problem and it requires the immediate attention of authorities.