فصلنامه جاده
سال بیست و سوم شماره 3 (پیاپی 84، پاییز 1394)

Sidewalk oldest form of human movement in space and in all time, this feature is desired. This basic right is usually placed in the Jazbh-Hayy Prahmyt-Tr places to visit and enjoy, whether there are aspects of human civilization and have fun either. So paying attention to pedestrian, strengthen and establish them in cities with potential and actual natural and historical task is necessary and worthy of attention, so the aim of this study is to evaluate the implementation of the newly established (erfan) Hafeziyeh in the city of Shiraz. Descriptive and analytical study in terms of target users. Tools used in research studies and field observations documentary studies library with the use of questionnaires and interviews are open. The results indicate that relatively highly satisfied with the axis of the very character of there (let us not forget that this satisfaction is due to the existing land use and identifying the axis Hafeziyeh tomb, government offices, green space next to based in most gardens and parks, etc.). There should be strengthened in a clear and concise.

The position and the role of The Air transportation industry is very important in different field of economic, politic and society. It is one of the main basics of sustainable development and balanced in human communities. In fact nets of transportation related very close to the factors such as economic, safety and communities justice. On the other hand, The Air transportation's industry is an important factor in the improvement of economic, social and cultural in the Republic of Islamic of Iran. For this reason in this research by using the data about the volume of input and output Air passengers of 98 cities monthly between 90 until 94 years and distance between above cities by using gravity model and SPSS try to specified the affect of distance on the demand of Air travel. The result of this research identified that the distance between cities 31% can be affected on the demand of Air travel but other factors affected.

Due to the high production costs of asphalt mixes, utilization of additives in asphalt mixtures to enhance the durability and performance is necessary. In this study, different percentages of Polyolefin – Aramid FORTA composite fibers were added to the asphalt mix and the resilient modulus testing at two different temperatures and dynamic creep test with two different loading waveforms was carried out. The results indicate that adding fiber increases the stiffness and resistance to rutting of asphalt mixtures. By adding 1.5 kg fiber per ton of asphalt concrete, the resilient modulus of asphalt concrete increased 62% and 242% at temperature of 25 o C and 40o C, respectively. So it is evident that increasing of stiffness in case of fiber reinforced asphalt mixtures at higher temperature (40 ° C) is greater than that at the average temperature (25° C). It was also observed that an increase of 1.5 kg of fibers to the mix causes the flow number to be increased to double of flow number of unmodified asphalt mixture. In addition, comparison of dynamic creep curves under haversine and square loading waveform shows that the flow number and slope of creep curve at second stage are double and half of these values under square loading waveform at the same loading frequency.

Today transport is considered as one of the most important infrastructure development and because of the fundamental role a great effect on the economic growth of the country. Therefore, in this study were evaluated indicators of transport, warehousing and communications provinces. This research method is descriptive - analytical and data collection tools include documentary research. The Statistical population consisted of 31 provinces is based on political divisions in 1392. In order to analyze data has also been used factor analysis in the form of software SPSS. Required data includes indices transportation, warehousing and communications, collection and were formed the databases, then indicators are divided into two groups "Transport and warehousing" and "communication". Transport and warehousing group indicators have been reduced in seven factors and indices Communications group on four factors. Finally, using the value of the factors, the provinces were ranked in five categories Very Enjoys, Enjoys, Middle, Deprived and Highly Deprived. The results indicate that the transportation and warehousing are category of Tehran, Alborz, Isfahan, Fars, Khuzestan and Kermanshah Very Enjoys and Ardebil, Ilam, Bushehr, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad, Yazd, Qom, South Khorasan and Semnan Highly deprived. Receiving the communication Tehran, Alborz, Isfahan, Khuzestan, Sistan-Baluchestan and Gilan Very Enjoys and Ilam, Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad, Qom and South Khorasan were in highly deprived.

Roads have direct and indirect ecological effects on population, species and ecosystems of wildlife, plants and water. Distribution of road density in forest make wildlife habitat fragmented and ecosystem isolated. So, wildlife habitat is divided into smaller patches and species may be overthrow. Nowadays, through population viability analysis (PVA), pattern of wildlife movement to reach viable population is evaluated and suitable places for de-fragmentation operations and establishing stable habitat network is recognized. After the estimating of ecological benefits rate for de-fragmentation (Commonly is defined as the number of reproductive units per area or RU) in each of these places, the places of de-fragmentation operations are prioritized. Most important structures which are used to cross wildlife from road width and habitat de-fragmentation are under crossing and over crossing. Reducing the width of road corridor in valuable habitat, mounting fence in boundary between road and forest, diverting traffic volume to other routes, building roads with lower degrees near the water bodies and mounting symbols at the edge of road are the other solutions of decreasing ecological effects of road in natural ecosystems.

This paper reviews the researches that have been conducted on asphalt binder and asphalt modified with nanomaterials liquid anti-stripping over the past five years. Studies showed that the impacts of anti-stripping liquid nanomaterials on the properties of asphalt binder and asphalt mixture were not similar and depended upon various factors, including type and chemical structure of the asphalt and aggregate, the asphalt mix production temperature, the level of nanomaterials, as well as the type and mixing method with the asphalt binder. Despite the positive features of the nanomaterial additives, using these materials requires further examination.

In last decade, Geosynthetics as polimerical products have been applied for various use in civil engineering such as reinforcement, separation, filtration, Drainage, Fluid barrier and Protection. Subgrade soil and its properties are very important in the design of road pavement structure and Its main function is to give acceptable base to the pavement from underneath. Since Pavements constructed over soft subgrade having poor strength parameters such as CBR leading to more thickness of the pavement, successful use of geosynthetics is ensured in a given geotechnical application. As it is well-matched and effective in improving the soil properties when appropriately used. A geogrid as a geosynthetic material containing connected parallel sets of tensile ribs with apertures of sufficient size to allow strike-through of surrounding soil, stone, or other geotechnical material is a common form of subgrade reinforcement. Geogrids used in subgrade as a part of road pavement, has primary functions of geosynthetics which are separation and reinforcement. Geogrid have been successfully used to provide a construction platform over subgrades. Due to recent studies, lateral restraint, improved bearing capacity and tensioned membrane effect are reinforcement mechanisms which have been identified the use of geogrids to reinforce pavement materials. This study investigated the behavior of reinforced subgrade with geogrid and the effect of reinforcement on soil properties. it is considered various research on geogrid use in pavement. It is shown that the composite of geogrid and soil can reduce the desired thickness of aggragate layer. It is also mentioned that the use of geogrid in pavement system will affect the cohesion of subgrade and improve the mohr-coloumb strength parameter of the soil.