نشریه دانشور پزشکی
پیاپی 78 (دی 1387)

The GI explains elevation of blood glucose after eating a food compared with standard blood glucose curve after glucose or white bread in the same subject. This index varies between 20 for fructose and 100 for glucose. Both the amount and source of carbohydrate influence the glycemic response, but the GI compares the same amount of carbohydrate and provides a measure of carbohydrate quality but not quantity. The purpose of this study was to determine the GI of Iran's free wax honey. Blood samples of 8 male subjects for glucose analysis (using glucose oxidase method) were collected after 12 hr fasting period at zero time (baseline) and at 30, 60, 90, 120 min after ingestion of identical amount of honey (test food), and glucose (standard food). The area under the curve (AUC) was 1294 and 847.5 (mg/dl) for glucose and honey respectively. Based on this finding the GI of Iran's free wax honey is 65 The Iran's free wax honey with GI of 65 is a medium GI food and can be replaced with high GI foods as a supplement food.

RNA interference (RNAi) is a phenomenon of gene silencing that uses double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), specifically inhibits gene expression by degrading mRNA efficiently. The mediators of degradation are 21- to 23-nt small interfering RNAs (siRNA). The use of siRNAs as inhibitors of gene expression has been shown to be an effective way of studying gene function in mammalian cells. To investigate the efficiency of siRNAs to eGFP gene silencing in P19 embryonal carcinoma (EC) stem cell. Here, we used a vector-based siRNA expression system, pSUPER that can induce RNAi in mammalian cells (P19 line of murine embryonal carcinoma stem cell). The vector containing a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) to target exogenous reporter gene, enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). The expression of eGFP in the cells was detected by using fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry. Using eGFP as a reporter system, we show here that a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vector can specifically inhibit gene expression. Ttransfection of the plasmid into P19 cells significantly decreased the number of eGFP-expressing cells and overall eGFP fluorescence. The RNA interfering effect was successfully observed in both transient and stable transfected cells. The results indicate that use of hairpin siRNA expressing vectors for RNAi is a promising method to inhibition of gene expression in mammalian cells.

Considering the high spread of Chlamydia cervicitis in Iran and its undesirable side-effects on women’s and their families’ health through causing infertility and transmitting it to the spouse and its bad economic impacts on the community, a remedy for this infection seems to be necessary. Considering the common remedial treatment (100mg of Doxycycline twice a day for 7 days). The main purpose of this study was comparison of the remedial effect of Doxycycline and Azitromcine on Chlamydia cervicitis in Nishabour. This survey is an experimental study of the type of one-sided blind accidental clinical test. All the 18-35 year-old women visiting the women clinic of the Kalin hospital in Nishabour, with the clinical symptoms of the Chlamydia cervicitis and been identified through medical examination and proved by laboratory kit to be infectious, have been divided into 2 groups of 116 subjects under study. The first group under remedy with edible Doxycyclin (100 mg twice a day for 7 days) and the second group were remedied by Azitromicine (1gr for one single day). More over, during the remedial period, both groups had to either refrain from sexual intercourse or use a barrier (like candom) and at 7, 14, 21- day intervals after the remedy onset time, the patients were observed According to the results of this study: 1- The rate of recovery from Chlamydia cervicitis in the cases of a single-day remedy with Azitromicine was the same as the 7-day cure with Doxycycline. Digest side-effects in these 2 groups were different, so that in the Azitromicine group no critical problem was observed while in Daxicycline group 1.7% of the subjects faced with high digest risk. 2- In the cases of remedy with Azitromicine, due to its easy use and economically, as well as its higher effectiveness, the rate of patient reception has been higher in comparison to the cases of remedy with Doxycycline. 3- In the Doxycycline group, besides the weekly-recovery of the symptoms, some patients even have not reached 100% recovery. The rate of recovery from Clamydia cervicitis in the cases of a single-day remedy with Azitromycin is the same as the 7-day cure with Doxycycline. But digest side-effects Azitromycin is least satisfaction patients is more and symptoms improved in first week therefore Azitromycin priority in recovery of Clamydia cervicitis.

The most common vascular access for hemodialysis (HD) is arterivenous fistula (AVF). There are different methods for creation of fistula. In this study distal vein ligation (DVL) was evaluated for the purpose of finding a method with higher patency rate and lower complication rate. Between March 2000 to September 2003, 120 patients with end stage renal disease underwent AVF procedure. Patients randomized in two groups, half of them underwent DVL. AVF positions were 61 patients in snuffbox, 53 patients in antecubital and 6 patients in wrist. DVL performed in 25 AVFs in snuffbox and 29 AVFs in antecubital region. After one year complication and patency rate were compared in both groups. Twenty three (19.16%) AVFs with DVL in snuffbox had no complication and 27 (22.5%) AVFs without DVL in same region had no complication too. Six patients had wrist AVF with DVL that one of them was complicated in period of one year after procedure. In antecubital AVF, 9 (8%) cases with DVL and five (4.16%) cases without DVL had complicated (p>0.05). Patency rate was not different with or without DVL (p>0.05). For the purpose of accessing one simple technique with lower complication, DVL in side-to-side arterivenous fistula seems to convert this type of fistula to end to side fistula functionally. In this study DVL in snuffbox and antecubital region had no effect on complication and patency rate.

Mupirocin, an inhibitor of bacterial isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, has used to treat staphylococcal skin infections as well as to eliminate nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. Mupirocin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains are seen worldwide but there is no report from Iran. In the present study, by using phenotyping methods (disk diffusion and E-test) in combination with PCR assays, we investigate the presence of mupirocin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients in Tehran. C onfirmation of the isolated strains in 4 university hospitals in Tehran as Staphylococcus aureus was done by routine laboratory tests (Gram's stain, catalase, DNase, slide and tube coagulase tests and mannitol fermentation) in combination with PCR method for femB gene, encoding a unique feature to Staphylococcus aureus. Presence of mupA gene, responsible for mupirocin resistance, was determined by PCR method. Disk diffusion and E-test were also used for demonstrating mupirocin resistance. The susceptibility testing of S. aureus isolates were carried out by the disk diffusion method according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Moreover, PCR method was used for detection of mecA gene, which conferring resistance to methicillin and other penicillinase resistant penicillins. Identity of 94 strains as Staphylococcus aureus were confirmed by femA gene PCR and phenotypic methods. Six strains were considered resistant to mupirocin, 5 low-level and 1 high-level resistances to mupirocin. From these 6 strains, mupA gene were shown in 5 strains (DNA band with 456bp molecular weight), and in one strains this band was not detected. All mupirocin resistant strains were methicillin resistant by mecA gene PCR and disk diffusion test. Disk diffusion test had shown all mupirocin resistant strains were resistant to penicillin G, ampicillin, oxacillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, trimethoprim - sulfamethoxazole, cefoxitin, clindamycin and erythromycin and resistance to other examined antibiotics were seen in some strains but all strains were shown susceptibility to vancomycin. This study is the first report about mupirocin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from patients in Tehran and calls further studies for determination the incidence of this resistance. Also, a combination of PCR and phenotypic methods was recommended for a reliable identification of mupirocin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus strains.

Sexual is one of the important factors for well-being in married life and also quality of life, because a good sexual life caused safety between spouses and without it maybe caused divorce. This study has been done for assessing the Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction among divorce requested in family court in Tehran, 2006-2007. This cross sectional study has been done on 400 divorce requested in family court in Tehran. Data collection tools were a questionnaire form designed in different sections for male and female. The female questionnaire was FSFI (Female Sexual Function Index (and the male questionnaire was IIEF (International Index of Erectile Function), that have sections about sexual desire, arousal, orgasm and sexual satisfaction. Content validity and Cronbach’s alpha reliability were used. Results showed that 66.7 percent of the men and 68.4 percent of the men didn’t have sexual satisfaction in their sexual life. 71.2, 23.1 and 5.8 percent of the men had good, medium and few sexual functions respectively, and 26, 56.2 and 17.8 percent of the women had good, medium and few sexual functions, respectively. Results showed that female sexual function is less than male. To pay attention the rate of divorce in Iran, it is need to regard the sexual in divorce requested

Injuries resulting from violence in healthcare setting are becoming a serious occupational hazard in many areas of the world. Violence in health service environment may occur in many different ways: Verbal treats or physical violence and resulting in death, lost workdays, loss of consciousness, restriction of motion or work, loss of property, termination of employment, transfer to another job or medical treatment. This study had done for assessing prevalence of physical and verbal violence experienced by nurse’s works in a hospital in Bandar Abas city. This survey is an analytic-descriptive study. Data gathering tool was questionnaire with 40 items in 4 parts and randomly was completed by 88 nurses of ICU, CCU, medical, surgical and Emergency wards. All analysis was conducted using the SPSS software package and correlation and x2 and descriptive statistic. The study found that majority of nurses had been experienced verbal abuse (72.2%) and physical abuse (9/1%) in the 6 previous months. The experience of physical violence correlated with age. Sex, education and job title and verbal abuse correlated with education of nurses.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common diseases in the world that imposes a tremendous health and societal burden whether that burden is measured in terms of sickness, use of health systems resources or costs. Hyperglycemia is the most important clinical sign of diabetes leading to glycation of the various proteins in the body that leading to change in nature, structure and biochemical activity of them. One of the probable methods in the treatment of diabetes mellitus is decreased or inhibited this reaction, it seems that phenolic and alkaloid compounds useful for this purpose. The main goal of this research is to determine the effect of catechin, caffeine and gallic acid. In the presence of various concentration of catechin, caffeine and gallic acid albumin was glycated and evaluated using thio-barbitoric acid (TBA) method. showed that catechin, caffeine and gallic acid have inhibitory effects on albumin glycation reaction with the concentration of 1 g/dl, 0.2 g/dl and 0.1 g/dl. Among these compounds catechin had the inhibitoriest effect (90.74% ± 1.75) in the concentration of 1g/dl. These finding showed that catechin, caffeine and gallic acid decreased albumin glycation reaction.

Various treatments are used to reduce cerebral edema in stroke patients that show signs of RICP. Mannitol is used as the first line of standard therapy in the control of RICP in the acute phase. Presently most of the researches are focused on the use of hypertonic saline in the treatment of cerebral edema and recent studies have shown that it can replace serum mannitol and may have several therapeutic advantages which needs more research for verification. The aim of this study is comparing the therapeutic effect of 20% serum mannitol with 5% hypertonic saline on the clinical improvement of patients afflicted with brain stroke that showed signs of raised intracranial pressure (RICP). The study was performed as a double-blind randomized clinical trial. The data was gathered in two parts, one consisting of the demographic information of a hundred patients that admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) and the other of the clinical (patients with signs of RICP) and paraclinical information (confirmed by findings CT Scan) of the two groups of patients that were respectively treated with mannitol and hypertonic saline. Finally, the data were analyzed using the SPSS. From 100 patients, 54 were male and 46 were female with an average age of 69.66 ± 10.5. The demographic, clinical and paraclinical information obtained showed no significant difference. In the group treated by mannitol all the patients died, while in the group treated by hypertonic saline 28% of the patients were discharged in good clinical condition which showed a significant difference in the mortality rate. The changes of the vital indexes in all the patients of the group treated with hypertonic saline irrespective of the final outcome, showed a more significant therapeutic stability. Also, in comparison the survival days of the patients treated with hypertonic saline was twice that of those treated with mannitol. Hypertonic saline is much more effective than mannitol in the improvement of the clinical status of stroke patients and the survival days of patients treated with slow infusion of hypertonic saline is more than that of those treated with mannitol. This subject could be most effective in family of patients for cope with now and future conditions. Also in patients with GCS ≥ 8, and in comparison to mannitol, hypertonic saline has a more positive effect on the final outcome.

Sexual Health and how to attain it is one of the most significant issues in the realm of Sexual Studies in Medicine, Psychology, education, Sociology, Law, and the like, simply because a good part and parcel of the mental and physical health of individuals, family integrity, and reaching a healthy well-developed society depends on such a health. According to the teaching of Shiites (Shie people), there exist some invaluable instructions to follow in this respect. A study of such instructions is what this paper is after. This study intends to identify, study, and draw up the major principles of Shiites about sexual health and how to attain it. A study and analysis of the in valuable book Vasaaeloshshie has been undertaken in this research. This qualitative study is a descriptive one in which a content analysis was carried out. A Content Analysis of Ahaadith revealed that in Shiite perspective, sexual health of couples is a major concern and to attain such a health, a variety of different procedures have been used. A categorical analysis of Ahaadith showed that sexual health of couples has a specific signification, for the attainment of which the following ways have been used: 1) To create a positive attitude towards sound sexual relationship, 2) To express the differences between the two sexes in sexual needs, 3) To express the specific, exclusive, and common sexual responsibilities of the spouses, 4) To have principled sexual relationship, 5) To abstain from extramarital relationships

Candida spp. plays a major role in vulvovaginal infections. Vulvovaginal candidiasis is the second most common genital complaint in women. Around 5% of women, however, develop a chronic or recurrent form of vulvovaginal candidiasis resistant to antifungal treatment. In this study, in vitro activity of Ketoconazole (KTZ) was investigated for 28 Candida strains isolated from patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis. Broth dilution method was used for determining the antifungal activity of Ketoconazole. The fungi were cultured on sabouraud dextrose broth in presence of various concentrations of Ketoconazole and the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICS) of KTZ were determined. MICS of KTZ were measured in the range of 0.1 – 570 (m g/ ml) for C. albicans isolates, 0.1-570 (m g/ ml) for C. glabrata isolates, 0.1-280 (m g/ ml) for C. tropicalis isolates and 0.1 – 30 (m g/ ml) for C. kefyr, respectively. On the basis of the obtained results, evaluation of antifungal susceptibility for clinical Candida isolates before selection of antifungal drugs and onset of treatment is essential because of the differences observed in species and strain level. This may lead to better treatment and prevention by creating drug – resistant isolates which are non – responsive to routine antifungals.