نشریه دانشور پزشکی
پیاپی 134 (اردیبهشت 1397)

The use of high amounts of a variety of antifungal drugs for treatment of Candida albicans infections is effective in inducing resistance to these drugs. Saccharomyces boulardii is a non-pathogenic yeast used as a probiotic in prevention and treatment of diarrhea diseases. There is evidence of the inhibitory effect of this yeast on Candida albicans virulence factors.
Saccharomyces boulardii extract was obtained from filtered culture in YNB and PDB culture media. Antifungal activity of S. boulardii extract against C. albicans (fourteen clinical isolates and standard strain ATCC10231) was performed by the micro broth dilution method according to M27-A3 CLSI. The chemical composition of the extract was determined by the GC/MS method.
Dry substance obtained from 1 liter of YNB culture was 20 mg/ml whereas that of PDB culture was 50 mg/ml. S. boulardii extract did not show any fungicidal and inhibitory effect against C. albicans isolates. Substances obtained from PDB and YNB cultures and used in this experiment showed similar results. Eleven compounds representing 86.18 % of the extract were identified. The major constituents of yeast extract were Tyrosol (37.08%) and Phenylethyl Alcohol (26.75%).
The major constituents of yeast extract were Tyrosol (37.08%) and Phenylethyl Alcohol (26.75%). This study confirms that S. boulardii extract did not show any fungicidal and inhibitory effect against C. albicans isolates.

In order to study the beneficial role of aerobic activities and consumption of saffron which has various biological properties, the adaptability of serum irisin, lipid profiles and insulin resistance to an aerobic training and consumption of saffron sprouts as well as its sustainability in type 2 diabetic obese women was closely examined.
Forty-eight type 2 diabetic obese women were randomly divided into four equal groups (saffron training, training placebo, saffron, placebo). The saffron group training and training placebo groups did aerobic training with an intensity of 60-75% of maximal heart rate for 8 weeks (three sessions per week). A daily dose of 400 mg of saffron sprout powder (once a day) was used for two months. The placebo contained 400 mg of wheat flour. Then, the variables of irisin, lipid profiles, and HOMA-IR were investigated.
The results of this study showed that there were significant differences between training saffron group and training placebo, training saffron and saffron, training saffron and placebo, training placebo and placebo, and saffron and placebo (P Eight weeks of aerobic training and saffron consumption have a significant effect on the indices related to type 2 diabetes. It needs to be mentioned that the consumption of saffron along with aerobic exercise has more effects on controlling these indices.

People act differently in choosing their health care providers. This study was conducted to identify the effective factors on choosing health care providers in public, private, and charity in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences’ staff.
This research was a cross-sectional applied study that was conducted in 2016. The study sample consisted of 330 of the staff affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences centers that entered the study through stratified and simple random sampling methods. The study tool was a reliable and valid Persian draft of questionnaire designed by Ferreira. Data were analyzed applying SPSS23.
Findings showed that intention, attitude, and perceived behavioral control constructs were higher in public sector than the private and charity. The male, married, older and low educated staff, who engaged in research centers and hospitals’ staff with higher work years and those with contract and corporate the types of employment have higher intention to choose public sector than the private and charity.
The present findings indicate the more intention of the participants to use the services in public sector than those of private and charity. In order to better use of services and resources in each of the three health care providers these recommendations are presented: increasing the atmosphere of trust, respect, and empathy along with simplifying the application of services in public sector and using different methods of social marketing accompanied with balancing the tariff and identifying the payable tariff for all the people in private and charity sector.

Silymarin is a standardized extract of the milk thistle seeds that stabilizes cell membranes and regulate cell permeability properties. So, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of different doses of silymarin on some inflammatory indices in serum of active men after one-session aerobic exercise.
For this purpose, twenty-seven active men in a quasi-experimental and double-blind design were divided into three equal groups of 9 subjects each; supplement (Silymarin: 5 and 10 mg.kg-1) and placebo (Dextrose: 5 mg.kg-1). After 14 days of the supplementation, all subjects were participated in a single aerobic exercise that included; running on the treadmill at the 0% grade for 30 min with an intensity of 70-75% HR reserve. Blood samples were taken at three phases (baseline, after supplementation period and 24 hours after the exercise). Data were analyzed using repeated-measure 3×3 ANOVA (group×time), Bonferroni and independent t-test at α The findings showed that a single bout of aerobic exercise significantly increases 24-hours inflammatory indices in all groups (p=0.001). However, in comparison with the placebo group, silymarin ingestion groups (5 and 10 mg.kg-1) had lower inflammatory markers (IL-6 & CRP) following one-session aerobic exercise (p=0.024).
According to this, it may be concluded that the short-term ingestion of 5 or 10 mg.kg-1 of silymarin could dose-dependent reduce aerobic exercise-induced inflammatory markers in active men.

The present research aimed to investigate the effect of different training methods on serum BDNF, physical performance, functional disability and quality of life in people with multiple sclerosis.
The present research type was semi-experimental and applied. For this purpose, inactive female patients with MS were examined and chosen by a neurologist through EDSS test. Then, 52 patients of the intended subjects were then selected and randomly divided into four groups of ten members (Control, Pilates training, water aerobics, and massage). The variables were evaluated as pre-test and post-test before and after 12 weeks to investigate training interventions.
The results showed a significant difference in all variables between different groups (p 0.005). In addition, the results indicated a reduction in the degree of pain in water aerobics group and a significant difference between water aerobics, Pilates and massage groups and the control group (p0.005). Also, the variable of EDSS level was most improved in water aerobics group. This caused a significant difference between this group and the control, Pilates and massage groups (p It appeared water aerobics is a good training strategy to improve MS patients as compared to other training methods.

Personality disorders are specified according to defects in individual performance and pathological characteristics. The objective of this research was comparison of brain-behavioral systems and alexithymia in people with and without borderline and narcissistic personality traits.
The method of this study was causal-comparison. The population of research was all girls and boys students of Tabriz University in 2015, of this community, 250 people were selected via convenience sampling method and responded the SCID-II Structured Clinical Interview. 60 students who had the traits of narcissistic and borderline personality and 30 students without traits of narcissistic and borderline personality traits was selected and completed Jackson brain-behavioral systems and alexithymia questionnaires. Data was analyzed with multivariate analysis of variance and Bonferroni test.
Findings showed that two groups with borderline and narcissistic personality traits compared with the normal group are deficient in identifying and describing feelings. Also, focusing on external experiences was more in group with borderline personality traits as compared to normal subjects and group with narcissistic personality traits. Groups with borderline and narcissistic personality traits had higher level of behavioral activation system than normal subjects. Normal groups had higher level of flight system activity than subjects with borderline and narcissistic personality traits.
According to brain-behavioral systems function and alexithymia in subjects, before formation and consolidation of pathologic personality traits, these pathologic characteristics can be oriented and modified.

Regarding various benefits of implementing the Public Private Partnership (PPP) in hospitals, this study was conducted to compare the main performance indicators of Hasheminejad hospital before and after implementing PPP model.
This study was analytical, comparative, and cross-sectional research that conducted in 2015. Status performance indicators of Hasheminejad hospital were collected based on checklist before and after PPP implementation. Data were analyzed applying t-test in SPSS21 at a significant level of 0.05.
Changes in all of the indicators studied before and after the implementation of the PPP pattern were statistically significant (p There are dramatic variations in the status of the studied indicators after the implementation of the PPP in hospital. It is suggested that health system managers and policy makers provide the necessary conditions to use this approach in public hospitals across the country.

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic illnesses and also the biggest health problem in all countries. The most important strategy for controlling chronic diseases is self-care behaviors. Therefore, it is important for anyone with this problem to be at the centre of control and decision making in the daily treatment of their illness. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of spirituality group therapy on self-care and its dimensions in women with type 2 diabetes.
The design of this research was quasi-experimental with pre- and post-test and experimental and control groups. Among women with type 2 diabetes being recorded in health network of Eghlid, 30 subjects were randomly selected and assigned into two groups of experimental and control (15 per group). In the pre-test, Toobert & Glasgow self-care questionnaires (2000) were completed by the participants and blood samples were taken from all the subjects. The intervention group spirituality therapy was performed for 10 90-minute sessions in the experimental group. SPSS software (version 19) was used for data analysis.
Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) showed that the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable was significant (p According to our results, group spirituality therapy in patients with diabetes could promote the self-care and its dimensions. Therefore, this method could be used to treat diabetes and reduce the physical and psychological consequences.