فصلنامه رسانه
سال بیست و سوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 89، زمستان 1391)

Determining the freedom limits has been always in dispute. On the one hand, Press should be critical and commanding right and forbidding wrong, on the other hand it should reflect the voice of the people as well as support the information; so determining the freedom limits has been so crucial. The press is an important part of mass media, and then in the constitution, freedom of the Press has been expressed. However there is an especial law in the name of the press. Indeed the press laws should indicate Dos and Don’ts. Also freedom of information as fundamental human right has been recognized in the national and international legal documents. Any person have right to access to information by using the press as well as other media freely therefore they will be able to access the right domestic and foreign news and information as well as international changes. In this article, the access of people to information as one of the important factors in freedom information has been indicated, so the main purpose of this paper is to indicate the inseparability between freedom of the Press and freedom of information

This article investigates the concept of cultural and media consumption in cultural studies according to late modernity. In this article we try to identify consumption as a cultural and media activity by which audiences resist meaning of reference texts also they produce the secondary text during the consumption then they make their identity. In this article some concepts including individualization as well as interpretation of cultural and media texts have discussed. Also some point of views of scholars such as Stuart Hall, Dave Morley, John Fisk, Michel de Certeau, Henry Jenkins, Roger Silverstone, Nicholas Abercrombie, and Brian Longhurst and Pierre Bourdieu has reviewed.

At the advent of Islamic Revolution in Iran there was a very crucial conflict between Iran and the division of power in the world. Joseph Samuel Nye has divided the power into two kinds, the soft and the hard power. Military and economic power as the hard and semi-hard power may lead people to change their positions. Soft power is power is the ability to influence the behavior of others to get the outcomes you want, not by forcing or rewarding other but by attracting people. After revolution the American policies put National security of Iran in jeopardize several times. Iran and the united state of America have had ups and downs in their relationship during the last 7 decades. They have experienced the strategic alliance as well as severing diplomatic relations and even imposing the military conflicts. The study of the relations between two countries have indicated that united state have tried to use hard power at the advent of the revolution in Iran such as Economic sanctions, military attack in Tabas and American cooperation with Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War. But these strategies ended in failure then the United States of America adopted some new policies such as soft power against Iran; accordingly the U.S policy towards Iran especially after September eleven has been a mixture of hard and soft measures. Hence their soft power may justify using of the hard power.

Communication scholars have investigated the role of media in various aspects of social life. The function of information has an important role between different function of media. In Iran media try to assess desired functions of media within normative Fiqh orders as well as religious advices. However the main issue in religious media is how to use theories and normative framework for making policy in media. This framework has been based on religious teaching and it will be priority in media programs. This article tries to investigate the normative principle in information. Normative theories as well as emphasizing Islamic normative and reviewing religious texts and narratives of Imams have used. Then by studying some concepts about information in religious teachings in Shia Fiqh, some of the main guidelines in information have been obtained.

This article review the effect of social media on journalism and it tries to design a new in news industry. Social media have a serious impact on news coverage as well as they make news more available. These social media give people opportunity to have their own voice as an audience also it change the audience role in news business. For describing these main changes, three main form of journalism briefly have been considered including ambient journalism, liquid journalism and network journalism. Based on these new forms of journalism, the status of professional and cultural journalism has changed into a network status. Network journalism has changed the production, distribution as well as the culture of news consumption therefore news corporations should consider social media in their news business. In this paper by identifying the effect of social media on journalism and news business, the perspective of emerging news industry will be introduced.

This paper tries to study the media consumption patterns by watching some series such as Bitter Coffee series among educated youth. Identifying changes of media consumption patterns by using the media and cultural informal products have been the main purpose of this article. The qualitative method as well as in-depth interview has been used in this study. Also 44 students of Allameh Tabatabaee University and the college of Seda Sima have been the population of this research. The results indicate that the interviewees watch the Bitter Coffee series consciously. Buying and watching this series on VCD format, make it possible for audiences to choose media productions by themselves. The lifestyles of audiences influence their consumption; people watch this series according to their lifestyle as well as their personal interests. People follow this series not only for pleasure but for being a part of the audience of this series.

The new study of entrepreneurship in media organizations has been considered different views. Implementing entrepreneurship within media organization as well as promoting entrepreneurial activities have been seen as one of these views. This paper has tried to study the factors which influence the promoting entrepreneurship in media organizations according to these new views. The main problem which is discussed in this paper has been “which factors have an effect on the entrepreneurship in media organizations. The case study in this article is one of the newspapers published in Iran as well as nine variables such as Control, reward, learning and research, organizational values,entrepreneurial actions, innovation, risking, organizational structure and objectives and the relationship of each one with the entrepreneurship as the dependent variable has been studied. The publication have been included all staff worked in Esfahan Ziba (Beautiful Esfahan). The questionnaire included 32 questions. The sample test as well as Binominal according to normal distribution and non-normal distribution has been used in this study. The results indicated all variables except risking affect the entrepreneurship in media organizations. This article offer media managers to make good conditions which can help staffs to be entrepreneur in the organizations. Also performing other studies in media organizations have been suggested.

In this article we have tried to investigate the speech of Imam Khomeini the supreme leadership of Islamic revolution of Iran.The summary of the statements of the supreme leader in this article has been as followed: The bad situation of mass media in Pahlavi Regime, monitoring media by people and organizations, introducing some factious that may imposed in Islam as one of the disadvantages of writing and speech, Commenting about the press and media limitation, enforcing Islamic law is true freedom, Islamization of books and publications, punishment for transgressive media, according to their deviation, No license to publish the stories with deceptive headlines, the importance of audio visual media compared with other kind of media, Implementation of Islamic law without attempts to satisfying the East and the West.