نشریه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (سپهر)
پیاپی 90 (تابستان 1393)

Iran is a vast country with diverse geographical conditions so that have been 11 climates types from 13 climates known in the world. This has led to environmental viewpoint, ecotourism, recreational and economic capabilities very greatly. The tourist infrastructure of the any region it is nature, and geotourism as part of this tremendous growth in recent years and has had a great impact on regional development. Geomorphological and geological visit is one of the main aspects of Geotourism. Ilam area is 19,086 square kilometers and at the coordinates of geographical latitude of 31, 58´, up to north 34, 15´, and geographical longitude 45, 24´, up to east 48, 10´. The province has some geotourism attractions, geomorphological and geological, including mountains, caves, rivers, waterfalls and springs; one of the talented areas is the development of geotourism. In this regard, Due to the natural capacities, conservation, presentation and enjoyment of geotourism attractions can be important for the sustainable development of the province, and the problems solution like the unemployment and job creation can also be useful in the province. This research is library, field, descriptive - analytical and also using maps and satellite imagers, Ilam Geotourism properties will examine.

Nowadays by producing smart mobile equipment the dream of having smart and electronic partners is properly realized. On the other hand, combining of mobile facilities and Geographic Information System (GIS), Underlie the emergence of another technology known as Mobile Geographic Information System (Mobile GIS). For developing any kind of Mobile GIS we can use different architecture like stand- alone, distributed and so on. But in any architecture showing the spatial information in client side is one the most vital part of a Mobile GIS. On the other hand, since much of the Android operating system is responsible for the commercial market of mobile devices. in this study, we intend to display spatial data in the context of the Android Operating System. The conducted analysis can be considered as one of the most important studies wich are needed to develop any example of a Mobile GIS. But unfortunately, despite great the importance of this subject to date, comprehensive and technical studies in evaluating the performance of different methods is not reached. Methods examined in this study include the use of Google Map API, ArcGIS Runtime SDK, OSMDroid, MapsFroge and Nutiteq libraries. To compare of these methods, some mobile services for each of them are developed. These services were developed by Java language programming in Intellij Integrated Development Environment (IDE). Finally, after interacting with these services, strengths and weaknesses of each method was expressed. In other words, the results of this study can be considered as a good starting point for the development of a complete Mobile GIS.

Socio-economic poverty is the most important reason for appearance of suburbian in cities.Although suburbanites live in realm of socio – economic life in cities, but they are not accepted as official citizens. The main purpose of this survey is to provide strategies for empowerment of suburbanites is shohada town in songor Kermanshah province with recoynition of capabilities and limitations of suburbanites, trying to empower them is possible. Research method is Survey and descriptive – analytical method with using of Delphi method. Method of gathering of data is library study and interview with experts and municipal officeials of Songor.QSPM and SWOT techniques are used to analysis data. finding results show that Suburbanite region in terms of present situation and based on external and internal evaluation matrix is located in middle status, and in other words, suburbanite region has failed to exploit strong points and/or has failed to use available opportunities, and has failed to avoid from factors that cause threats and weaknesses to it. Finally,after these analyses and providing of quantative strategic planning and prioritizing of strategies,WO5 review strategy, namely holding justifier workshops for urban (civic) managers, in order to organizing and implementing of empowerment plan,with final score of 2/55,has priority over other strategies. SO5 aggressive strategy namely holding special committee for empowermen and organizing is located in second priority.

Smart traffic monitoring is a new method of traffic data acquisition. Traffic sensors are the core of such system in consequence optimum allocation of them increases efficiency of monitoring Although big challenges to accomplish this goal is selection of the best methodology for identification of optimum places. Thus this paper tries to propose a new methodology using Fuzzy-AHP and Topsis to determine optimum place for allocation of such devices. To do the analysis a pilot junction in north of Washington was selected. Then effective criteria such as annual average daily traffic (AADT) and accident severity (IR) and average slope and distance from school were determined respecting traffic expert’s idea. Finally Fuzzy-AHP method was used to estimate weight of input criteria, in comparison to famous weighting method such as AHP using fuzzy number for weight estimation of criteria increases efficiency of weight estimation process. Then estimated weight entered to Topsis method to identify appropriate place for sensor allocation. In this step urban links were classified in 3 classes using Topsis score, therefore urban links belongs 1 class were identified as vulnerable link. These links are in in high danger of traffic incident as a result need to be equipped with monitoring traffic instruments such as traffic sensors. Consequently our study tries to propose a new methodology and effective factors for determination of vulnerable urban links that are in high danger of traffic incidents. Therefore the identified links need to be monitored with using appropriate traffic strategy such as geo-sensor traffic network.

Nowadays, remote sensing imagery can provide information on the study of land cover and land use applications are, whom the value and usability of the map production rate depends on the accuracy. This study assessed the validity of the classification of the image sensor LISS-IIIsatellite,IRS-P6with the software Google Earth, therefore, the satellite images Quick bird the software Google Earth is available, to determine the education and also to evaluate the accuracyclassification scheme was used. Taleghan city study area, the function the Alborz range Taleghan watershed dislocated. In the project, before of the determination of education for investigation image Accuracy Google Earth of digital lines data (road and river) whom earth coordinate were, be used and RMSE 0/77 obtained. In the stage next, after the determination of education, based on the classification of satellite images to monitor and maximize the likelihood algorithm by ENVI 4/2 software using a five-story garden, agricultural, grassland, lakes, and no coverage were classified as the coefficient Kappa class 0/85 and the overall accuracy of 91/4 respectively. The results showed that the Google Earth software images to assess accuracy of classification of high spatial accuracy and the use of features such as slope area, and hydrology networks, increases accuracy too. Finally, Google Earth satellite images are recommended to evaluate the accuracy of classified satellite images and interpretation of land use/cover are used.

Many developing countries have concentration excessive in some city. Such a situation leads to many problems. In this countries, quality of life for people is victim of the great regional inequalities which in many cases, is increasing rapidly. Environmental problems is one of the most fundamental problems of present cities and the result of their conflict and mutuality with environment. The result of this process will be imbalance and incompatibility between humans and nature and impaired ecosystem relationships. The purpose of this study is identify sustainable development variables and assess stability in counties of khouzestan province. This study is applied and methodology is descriptive- analytical. The results show counties of izeh, dezful, andimeshk, lali and masjed soleyman are higher than other counties in environmental development in khouzestan province. Also the results of statistical tests shows superiority of northern province on its south counties in environmental development. but between the east and west province does not significant difference despite the relative superiority of east province on its west. The results of the pearson correlation coefficient not show relation and significant correlation between environmental development and county s population and their Urbanization rate. This mean that there is no significant relationship between population and Urbanization rate with environmental development.

The countryside tourism is a category to tourism that is gaining more enthusiasts every day. It is expected that in future the countryside locations turn into one of the most important spots for such activities. Furthermore, many countries have managed to improve their social and economic standing by such activities. Hence, by utilizing SWOT analysis (matrix) and other effective indices of stable tourism and based on field observation, opinion of the experts involved in development of the countryside and the tourism associated with it, has been studied and evaluated. The results obtained show that within the studied indices for attraction, the strength lies within the type of residence and the architecture associated with the target village. The associated indices also show that the lack of proper residences or the improper conditions of them serve as the greatest weak point for attracting tourism. The index of damage to the environment as a threat to the stable tourism and its development in this village is under the investigation.

One of the major factors that affect Iran’s climate is its location in different geographical latitudes and variety of uneven lands from one side and entrance of diverse synoptic systems during the year from the other side. One of the main parameters that determine climate of each region is temperature especially degree day. DD is difference between average temperature and temperature thresholds are selected according to the objectives of the research. depict and analyze average, seasonal and annual cooling degree-day through temperature thresholds of25,11 degrees and average, seasonal and annual heating degree-day of the country through temperature ether sholds of 25,14 degrees using Asfazary database(in database is university of Esfahan). This database includes average daily temperature in 44 years from 1962 until 2003 on cells with dimensions of 15*1 kilometers across the country. Therefore, average daily temperature in Asfazary database is an array with dimensions of 15992*7187 in which lines show time (day) and columns show place (cells equal to15*15 kilometers). Results demonstrate that the highest amount of CDD is from temperature thresholds of 11 in summer related to coasts of Oman Sea and Khuzestan Plain equal to (CDD= 600-750) and the lowest amount of it is from.Temperature thresholds of 25for the whole country in winter equal to(CDD= 0). The highest heating need is from temperature thresholds of 1 in winter and related to the north-west area and the altitude equal to(HDD= 600-750) and its lowest is in summer related to the whole country with temperature thresholds of 14 equal to (HDD= 0).

Increase the rate of exploitation of fisheries resources and increased global demand for food, the need for a fresh look at the nature and potential of the aquaculture sector has created And the question arises as to how aquaculture can increase protein production and food security in the long time for human. This study is part of an effort to meet the information needs of the aquaculture potential and estimate the ecological and socio - economic warfare for the city of West Azarbaijan fish seller primarily rainbow salmon is farmed. This study groundwater resources allocation and prioritization city located in West Azarbaijan warfare to establish fish farms rainbow salmon and using geographic information systems (GIS) have been conducted For this purpose the study sources and previous studies in this area, effective factors in locating salmon farms were classified as followings: (1) ecologyical - Water (discharges water sources of the water temperature, PH) the land (slope, elevation), land use, Stay away from disaster-prone areas (away from flood prone areas, away from seismically active areas), (2) economic - Close to market, profitability, access to labor, (3) community - jobs, property type operation, population, density and (4) infrastructure - close to road, close to electricity, or nearly fixed, and the like. Finally, using data collected And providing data layers in GIS environment has been carried out. The results revealed that 208 of the total water resource utilization (51 springs and 157 wells), 141 Water supply are suitable for farming salmon