نشریه علوم سیاسی
سال هفدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 68، زمستان 1393)

The decree of the absence of Wilayat of an individual on the other one is considered an absolute jurisprudential rule and it is the base of numerous decrees and issues of jurisprudence. Within the political jurisprudence, this rule is deemed to be fundamental, since it is of numerous applications, the base of lots of political decrees and freedoms of people. Since the necessity of this study was the reflection on Wilayat within jurisprudence, it has been investigated all sorts of Wilayat of people and rulers on the others’ life. Evidently, in this article it has been investigated the mere principal Wilayat in relation to the private life of people and not Wilayat dominant on the society affairs. Accordingly, it is required to prove the decree of principal Wilayat with regard to the private life of people or Wilayat on leading people through the firm reasons and in any case that Wilayat was not confirmed, it is not regarded Wilayat any more.

It is questioned around the bases on which the legitimacy of government is founded and the possibility of looking for the foundations of legitimacy in the modern theories within the conduct and speech of Imam Ali. Through the comparative method, this article tries to answer these issues. In this regard, it will initially explain some theories of legitimacy. In accordance with the findings of this section, legitimacy is not considered an extended issue but a multifaceted phenomenon including different dimensions such as functions, public satisfaction, rule and ethics as well as norms. Next, in the second part, the aforementioned dimensions have been investigated within the conduct and speech of Imam Ali and finally, it is concluded that in view of Imam Ali PBUH, legitimacy would be described as a multidimensional matter and based on the diverse dimensions and governments; it is supposed to be of some properties to be considered legitimate. In fact, the complete legitimacy resembles an ideal status and the governments are of legitimacy to the extent of proximity to this status, moreover they possess the right of commandment.

According to the religious principles, all the decrees of religion follow the real goods and evils, consequently the government decrees as part of religion follow the goods and evils being identified by the jurisprudent ruler. In this regard, among the issues towards the best perception of dimensions of government decrees would be the criterion for these decrees. Accordingly, the main question of this article would be the investigation of the criteria of government decrees within the political jurisprudence of Shi’ah and kinds of affairs as criterion towards these decrees by the ruler being considered reliable in jurisprudence in addition to the ways of discovery of these criteria. According to the findings of this article, the criteria of government decree is of a public criterion such as expediency which is the ground of issuing all the government decrees and it is of a particular criteria and the mere criterion towards issuing the government decrees in the specific grounds like the most important and important, necessity, etc.. providing the ground in favor of the expediency and issuing government decree. Through the conductive method, the article investigates that the way of discovering the criterion of government decree for the ruler would be referring to the text, in case of presence, and through the wisdom and norm provided the text is unreliable.

Salafi- Takfiri warriors of Islamic government in Iraq and sham –Daesh- who changed their name to “Islamic caliphate” after 29 June, 2014 A. C are considered a group of international terrorists gathering together with diverse geographical grounds from different Arabic, Asian, European, and African countries. The main purpose of Daesh is the renovation of Islamic government and domination on all vital areas and ruling based on religion with all the required principles and institutions. The superior thought of daesh is regarded as “war as the mere solution”, “holding weapon to encounter with liberal, laic, ba’th, as well as the Non- Islamic Systems”. The basic objective of daesh warriors is the renovation of Islamic decree and supremacy over the vital areas together with the execution of decrees of Islam with all its rules and systems. In this regard, daesh is considered a particular and traditional- ideological interpretation from Islam religion and it tries to rely on terrorist strategies and justify its brutal actions by referring to the belief and historical principles. The issue of daesh is affected by the internal changes of Iraq and Syria, fragility of military and political structures in these two countries, inefficiency of military powers in encountering with cherik actions and unsystematic wars, public dread, profound civil chaos, and the most important of all is daesh achieving to the new financial sources and controlling on the central areas has led to changing the mystery of terrorism into great shock and even probably into an international catastrophe. The main question of the present article is: “what are the intellectual and practical grounds of development of daesh in the Islamic thought as well as the disagreements and differences of Islamic dignified thought and daesh thought? The main hypothesis is that the intellectual and applied structure of daesh would be on the basis of the outfitted and ideological interpretation from Islam, being of historical and belief roots, material- humanistic sources, immense awareness of geographical- political elements and subsequently, taking advantage of the strategy of developing government. In this research, it is investigated the roots of daesh development, its intellectual- Islamic foundations, organizational structure and institutions, its status in the political plan of Sunnites, the way of organizing and making relationship with Al- Qaeda.

The religious and national instructions along with the noble elements of national culture are considered as the two significant components bearing identity and unity in the Islamic society of Iran. The convergence of these two elements will provide a powerful center towards the production of soft power in the political culture of Shi’ah dominant on this country. In this regard, the elements of soft power of Islamic society of Iran should be searched in the attractions of identity bearing of Islamic-Iranian culture. This culture including the religious and national elements and symbols is presentable as the favorite and ideal pattern towards strengthening the soft power of Islamic republic of Iran’s system.

The first step towards any kind of policy making and encountering against Selfieh would be the investigation of its present status in the world of Islam. In the scientific study, it is required an appropriate model to state the diverse dimensions of this present status. In this research, it has been utilized the model of cube crisis. On the basis of this frame work, it is created eight conditions out of the combination of three elements: “amount of threat”, “amount of time”, “amount of wakefulness”. Considering the function of Selfieh in the Islamic wakefulness atmosphere, it is clarified that the amount of threat is a lot, the amount of time is low and in terms of wakefulness it is dominant the unexpected conditions. Among the eight statuses of cube crisis, this condition is in accord with the critical conditions and they are in need of speed in any kinds of policy and decision making.