مجله فیض
سال بیستم شماره 4 (پیاپی 89، مهر و آبان 1395)

Chemical toxins are among the leading causes of liver disorders, inflammation and necrosis in hepatocytes. The aim of this study was to evaluate of protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract from rhizome of Zingiber officinale L. (HEZ) on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury in male rat.
Material and In this experimental studymale Wistar rats (n=35, body weight 230-250 g) were divided randomly in 5 equal groups: Control (Saline, 0.5 ml/day); Sham (Olive oil, 0.5 ml/day); Carbon tetrachloride (in a ratio of 1:1 with Olive oil, 2ml/kg single dose); Treatment groups 1&2 (Carbon tetrachloride in a ratio of 1:1 with Olive oil, 2ml/kg single dose and HEZ in doses of 300 mg/Kg and 600 mg/Kg ZHE/day respectively for 4 consecutive days). All injections were done intra-peritoneally. After the end of examination the blood samples were directly collected from heart and liver enzymes were analyzed. After the collection of liver tissue for H&E staining the microscopic studies were done.
Carbone tetrachloride caused inflammation and necrosis in rat hepatocytes. The HEZ-treated groups showed a milder inflammation compared to Control group (P The HEZ can protect liver tissue against the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity.

Acetaminophen overdose is the most prevalent cause of drug-induced liver injury. Many traditional treatments are recommended as the complementary and alternative options for treating various diseases. In this study the effect of fenugreek seed powder on the acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity is investigated.
In this experimental study, male Wistar rats (no=24, weight 250-280 g) were divided into four groups: Control (C), Fenugreek seed powder (T); Acetaminophen (A); and Acetaminophenᗩ랞 seed powder (A). After 24 h of fasting, A and A groups received Acetaminophen 1000 mg/kg by gavage, and the other two groups received Saline. After six hours, C and A groups received Saline, whereas T and A groups received Fenugreek seed powder 1000 mg/kg via gavage. Twelve hours after the second gavage, the rats were sacrificed and the liver tissue was fixed with formalin and assessed. Results were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post-test.
Serum ALT and AST levels were significantly increased in group A compared to C (P Fenugreek can have protective effects on hepatic injury induced by Acetaminophen.

Bachground: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with deficits in synaptic plasticity. Long-term potentiation (LTP) is an experimental method for synaptic plasticity assessment. This study evaluated the effect of aqueous extract of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) on induction of LTP in the CA1 region of hippocampus.
The animals were divided in 3 groups: Control animals receiving distilled water (CO), Alzheimer group receiving distilled water (AD); Alzheimer group receiving lavender extract (Aᅴ). The electrophysiological recordings were carried out in 3 groups of rats. The baseline or tetanized extracellular postsynaptic field potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded in response to the stimulation of Schaffer collaterals.
The data showed no effect of the extract on the baseline responses in all groups. While the recorded fEPSPs in the CO showed a substantial LTP, no potentiation was seen in the AD group. Administration of the aqueous extract of lavender effectively restored the LTP in Aᅴ group.
In line with our previous reports, this study showed the positive effect of lavender extract on the induction of LTP in a rat model of Alzheimer disease.

Learning as one of the higher functions of the brain is affected by several factors. Anxiety disorders are among the factors result in learning disorders. Considering the side-effects of anxiolytics, this study aimed to compare the effects of buspirone with borage flower extract on learning in adult male rats.
In this experimental study, adult male rats (no=40) were divided into 5 groups: Control, Sham and 3 Experimental groups (Buspirone 5 mg /kg, Borage extracts 150 mg/kg and Buspirone笛歩). All injections were carried out intraperitoneally for 14 days. Conditioned Place Preference was used to assess the learning.
The results of Extract group showed a significant improvement after 7 days of drug injection (P≥0.05). In addition, a significant improvement was observed in Buspirone, Extract and Buspirone Extract groups 14 days after drug injection.
The results of the study showed that the buspirone and the borage augment the learning in rats.

In recent years the emergence of resistance to opportunistic fungi (e.g. Candida albicans) has dramatically increased worldwide. The toxicity of antibacterial drugs and the occurrence of resistance to fungi and the resultant drug interactions make it necessary to assess new drugs. The aim of this study was to compare the antifungal effects of gold and silver nanoparticles on patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis.
In order to identify the samples, the conventional mycological methods (morphology on corn meal/chrome agar and germ tube production) were utilized. To evaluate the antifungal effects of spherical silver and gold nanoparticles the diameter of inhibitory zone was measured using disk diffusion method. In addition, the minimum fungicidal concentration (MIC) and Minimum inhibitory concentration (MFC) of samples were determined by microdilution method.
Among the total identified isolates of Candida albicans (C. albicans), 58 samples were inhibited using spherical silver and gold nanoparticles with 10 nm diameter. The inhibitory zone diameter was between 0-19 mm. The MIC and MFC for silver and gold nanoparticles were 21.31±11.40; 32.15±25.77 ppm and 16.68±9.37; 7.93±4.72 ppm, respectively.
The results of the present investigation showed that spherical gold and silver nanoparticles with 10 nm diameter have some antifungal effects against the Candida albicans. Probably in future the silver and gold nanoparticles have the potential of treating the vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Control of the phosphorus in hemodialysis patients is very important and can be done in many ways. The purpose of the study was to compare the effects of Nicotinic acid and Lanthanum carbonate on hyperphosphatemia in the hemodialysis patients.
This double-blind randomized clinical trial was done in Imam Hossein hospital (Shahroud, Iran) in 2014. The participants (n=60) were divided into two groups: Control (Lanthanum carbonate) and Intervention group (Nicotinic acid). The tapering doses of Nicotinic acid and lanthanum carbonate were completed monthly in three steps from 200 to 600 mg and from 250 to 750 mg, respectively. Serum phosphorus and calcium were measured in both groups and the results were compared using the paired t-test and ANOVA.
The comparison of Mean for age in Intervention (51.5±21.3 years) and Control groups (50.7±22.5 years) showed no significant differences. Comparing the phosphors level before the intervention in Intervention (6.67±1.37 mg/dl) and Control group (6.69±0.28 mg/dl) showed no significant difference. Nicotinic acid significantly decreased the blood phosphorus level (P Similar to Lanthanum carbonate, Nicotinic acid can decrease the serum phosphorous level. However, for determining the most effective dose of the Nicotinic acid, more studies are required.

Bachground: Diabetic foot is the most common complication of hospitalization in diabetic patients. The use of herbal products for the relief of diabetic foot in developing countries have acquired considerable acceptance. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Pistacia atlantica (local name “Bane”) for the treatment of diabetic foot.
This double-blind randomized clinical trial study was conducted on patients (n=60) with diabetic foot in Beheshti hospital (Kashan, Iran) during 1388-1394. The participants were divided into two equal Intervention and Control groups. The wound dressing in Control and Intervention groups were done using the placebo and “Bane” ointment. Both groups were underwent the conventional (bandages and antibiotic) therapy. Afterwards, the wound characteristics and the duration of wound recovery were assessed in both groups.
The Mean for hospital stay and recovery in intervention (13.8 compared to 33.7 days, respectively) and control groups (22.7 compared to 44.6 days, respectively) was statistically significant (P The “Bane” extract inhibits the growth of some groups of bacteria in diabetic foot ulcers and hence reduces the recovery time and hospital stay.

Regular physical exercise is a well-established therapeutic option to prevent the diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of intense interval training (SIT (and combined aerobic-strength training on serum adiponectin level and insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes.
Female patients with type 2 diabetic (n=52, age: 45-60 years, BMI=25-30 kg/m2 and FBS≥126 mg/dl) were assessed for eligibility. Participants were assigned to SIT group (N=17(, Combined training group (N=17 (and Control group (N=18 ( according to their HbA1c levels. The exercises were included 8 weeks of combined (resistance plus aerobic (training and SIT. The FBS, serum insulin and adiponectin levels were also measured.
There were a significant difference between the pre-/post-test in serum adiponectin in SIT group )P=0.01(. However, there was no significant difference between the pre-/post- test in serum adiponectin level in Combined training group (P=0.939(. The insulin resistance in SIT and the Combined training groups were significantly reduced after the exercise program (P Training exercise, independent of the type and method, can have positive effects on insulin resistance and serum adiponectin level in women with typeII two diabetes.

High blood pressure or hypertention is known as a silent death. Due to the effect of psychological factors on hypertention, the need for non-pharmacological approaches are felt in the treatment process. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on perceived stress and blood pressure in patients with hypertension.
In this quasi-experimental study, among all hypertensive patients referred to the Dr.Torkan clinic (Isfahan, ran) a number of 30 patients were selected using convince sampling and were randomly divided into equal Control and Experimental groups. The intervention was consisted of 8 sessions for mindfulness-based stress reduction once a week. All participants completed the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (Cohen, 1983) as pre-test and post-test and their blood pressures were measured.
The results showed that after 8 MBSR sessions, the positive and negative perception of stress in the experimental groups were significantly increased and decreased, respectively (P In summary, the MBSR can improve the psychological factors contributing in hypertention and as a complementary option to medication it can reduce the high blood pressure in patients.

Bachground: Acinetobacter baumannii as an opportunistic gram-negative bacterium is the leading cause of nosocomial infections, especially in patients admitted to intensive care units. Given the increment of resistance to multidrug-resistant A. baumannii isolates and the lack of suitable treatment options, the needs for investigating new drugs or combinations of drugs are felt. The aim of this study was to determine the synergistic effects of Vancomycin in combination with Tigecycline, Levofloxacine, Gentamycin, Colistin and Meropenem and the combination of Colistin with Meropenem and Rifampin against the infections caused by multidrug-resistance A. baumanni isolates.
Material and This experimental study was done on multi-drug A. baumannii isolates (n=10) from blood cultures, tracheal tube samples, sputum and the urine of patients hospitalized in the Beheshti Hospital between June 2014 and June 2015. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to CLSI standards. synergy testing was done by disk diffusion method.
On combining the Vancomycin with Tigecycline Levofloxacine, Gentamycin, Colistin and Meropenem, no synergy was detected. The combination of Colistin/Meropenem and Colistin/Rifampin were indifferent with no synergistic effect.
The combination of other antibiotics could be considered as an alternative antibiotic treatment for multi-drug A. baumannii isolates. Due to the smaller sample size in our study, for taking better results the future studies should focus on well-designed in vitro models on a large scale.

Salmonella as an enteric, gram negative, facultative anaerobic, obligate parasite causes food poisoning in human. The aim of present study was to identify the virulence genes stn, sopB, slyA, spvc and Phop/Q in Salmonella typhimurium strains isolated from clinical specimens using multiplex PCR method and also the determination of their antibiotic resistance profile.
Material and In this cross-sectional study during a 12 month period (April to March 2015) a total of 60 Salmonella typhimurium isolates were collected from Shariati hospital (Tehran, Iran). After the identification of strains, the antimicrobial susceptibility test was done using the disk diffusion agar test on Müller-Hinton agar media according to the Clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) guidelines. Then the presence of virulence genes (e.g. stn, sopB, slyA, spvc and Phop/Q ) were identified using multiplex PCR method.
These findings obtained from isolates showed the highest sensitivity to the Imipenem, Gentamicin, and Trimethoprim antibiotics . Distribution analysis of virulence for genes slyA, stn, sopb, Phop/Q showed the frequency of 23.3%, 30%, 3.33%5 and 43.3%, respectively. The spvC gene is not seen in any isolates.
The results of this study indicate that the prevalence of virulence genes in clinical Salmonella Typhimurium isolates can serve as an alarm for the prevalence of these genes to the other Salmonella serotypes. As the Salmonella virulence genes are located on the Salmonella pathogenicity islands, so the high prevalence of these genes can help to the dissemination of islands among the Salmonella strains.

Apart from important role of unhealthy eating patterns on eating-related problems (i.e. obesity and eating disorders), the underlying processes of such eating patterns are not fully understood. This study aimed to examine the role of emotion regulation and impulsivity in unhealthy eating patterns.
In this study which was carried out with a correlation method, the adult female (no=347) from Tehran completed the self-reported inventories. Dutch eating behavior questionnaire (DEBQ), difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS), and Barratt impulsivity scale (BIS-11) were used as measuring tools. Data was analyzed using Pearson correlational analysis and multiple regression analysis.
The relationship between restrained eating and emotion regulation was significant (P These findings highlight the importance of emotion regulation as a key risk factor in unhealthy eating patterns. Moreover, the restrictive eating patterns and binge eating patterns differ each other in terms of impulsivity. Treatment interventions must address the emotion regulation and include the strategies to cope with impulsivity.

Asthma is among the most common chronic childhood disease. The recent studies suggest that some school and behavioral problems manifesting the hyperactivity symptoms are caused by asthma and its related treatment. While other studies show no association between these factors. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the comorbidity of attention deficiency and hyperactivity among the asthmatic children in Kashan during 2013.
In this case-control study, the asthmatic children (n=89) referring to the Asthma and Allergy Clinic in Kashan were selected based on purposive sampling method as the Case group and age/sex-matched healthy children (n=117) were randomly selected as Control group. The spirometry and pick flowmetry tests were used for the diagnosis of asthma. The DSM-IV criteria were also used for the diagnosis of attention deficiency associated with hyperactivity.
The comorbidity of attention deficiency and hyperactivity among the asthmatic children was 5 times more than the Control (P=0.001) (OR: 5.67, CI: 2.66-12.08). In this study no significant relation was seen between the attention deficiency associated with hyperactivity and the severity of asthma and also the sex (P=0.624 and P=0.06, respectively).
Asthma probably increase the risk of attention deficiency associated with hyperactivity. Therefore the diagnosis and treatment of behavioral disorders in asthmatic children is considered important.