مجله فیض
سال بیستم شماره 1 (پیاپی 86، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1395)

Beta-amyloid is increased in the brain of diabetic patients. Considering different effects of electromagnetic field on biological processes, this study was performed to investigate the concomitant effects of aqueous extract of Holothuria arenicola and low frequency electromagnetic field (EMF) on the serum insulin, glucose and amyloid beta level in diabetic rats.
In this experimental study, 42 male rats were divided into 7 equal groups: control and diabetic control (distilled water); diabetic 1(100 mg/kg of extract); diabetic 2 (100 mg/kg of extract EMF 10 gauss); diabetic 3 (100 mg/kg of extract EMF400); diabetic 4 (EMF10); diabetic 5 (EMF400). Diabetes was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of Alloxan. Diabetic groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 had daily exposure to the EMF for 60 minutes. The serum levels of insulin, blood glucose and beta-amyloid protein were measured at first, fifteenth and thirtieth days.
The serum glucose, insulin and beta-amyloid level for diabetic samples 1 and 2 at first, fifteenth and thirtieth days were significant compared to the diabetic control. At fifteenth and thirtieth days, glucose and insulin level for diabetic 3 and 4 samples were significant compared to the diabetic control (P Injecting Holothuria arenicola extract to the diabetic rats results in a decrease and increase in glucose, insulin and beta-amyloid, respectively. These effects were augmented with the simultaneous use of 10 gauss electromagnetic field.

Pentavalent antimonate compounds are the routine drugs for leishmaniasis. Apart from side effects, relapse and drug resistance are among the main problems of these compounds. Hawthorn has antioxidant and antibacterial effects. The aim of present study was to determine the anti-leishmanial effect of hawthorn fruit extract in vitro.
In this experimental study different doses of hawthorn fruit extract was added to Leishmania major promastigotes. Cytotoxicity was investigated by both direct counting and MTT assay after 24, 48 and 72 hours. In addition, hawthorn extract was added to amastigote-infected macrophages and then the mean of amastigote per macrophage was counted after 24 and 48 hours. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA.
The cytotoxicity of the highest and lowest concentration of the extract (60 µg/ml and 0.5 µg/ml) after 24, 48 and 72 hours was 31.86%, 27.93%; 20.11%, 20.94%; and 35.19%, 55.14%, respectively. After 24 hours the IC50 was 49.13 μg/ml; the mean number of amastigote per macrophage in Control and Plant extract-treated groups (1, 10 and 100 μg/ml) were: 3.91; (1.97, 1.76 and 1.78), respectively.
The results showed that hawthorn fruit extract has no significant cytotoxic effect on promastigotes. However, to some extent it can inhibit the proliferation of amastiogtes inside macrophages.

The addicts have a lower state of health and physical activity compared to general population. While exercise can improve the health status of the addicts even in cases that they have an impaired condition due to the substance abuse, it may have many behavioral and physiological benefits in the recovery process of such people. So, the aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of a 10 week aerobic exercise along with vitamin E supplementation on blood pressure, heart rate and VO2 max of addicted women.
The participants were the addicted women taken from a quit addiction camp in Zahedan. Based on available subjects sampling 38 addicted women were selected and classified into four groups: Exercise Placebo (n=10), Exercise Vitamin E (n=10), Vitamin E (n=10) and Placebo (n=8), which received the supplement and placebo for 10 weeks. The experimental group was studied for 10 weeks, three sessions per week (each lasting 40-50 minutes) with a maximum heart rate of 40-75%.
The findings indicated that the VO2 max of Placebo, Exercise Placebo, and Exercise Vitamin E groups were increased compared to the Control group (P It seems that aerobic exercises may affect the health status of addicted women through an increased VO2 max and independent of vitamin E supplementation.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between T lymphocytes (CD4, CD8), NK (CD56), CD4ﰠ ratio and maximal oxygen pulse among the active girls in response to an intense aerobic physical activity.
This semi-experimental study was conducted on 20-25 years old active women. To estimate maximal oxygen pulse and immune response parameters, GXT treadmill test was performed. In order to evaluate the immune system response to intense physical activity, blood samples were obtained at 3 times (before, immediately after and 2 hours after the exercise).
The T-CD4燩 and CD4ﰠ rations were significantly decreased after an intense aerobic physical activity (P The findings of this research showed that in active women the maximal oxygen pulse, as an indicator of the efficiency of the cardiovascular system, has strong relationship with some immune system parameters.

In current study the consequence of chronic exposure of male and female rats to mobile-phone irradiation (900 MHz) and electromagnetic field (50 Hz) during the embryonic period on plasma and brain tissue total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level were investigated.
Material and After fertilization, female rats (n=9) were randomly divided into three groups: Control, Mobile phone -exposure and Exposure to 50 Hz electromagnetic field using a solenoid (LF). In LF group, female rats were placed daily inside a solenoid (50 Hz and 1.5 mT) for 30 minutes until giving birth. In Mobile-phone group, female rats were kept in their home cage while mobile-phone was placed in standby mode under the cage and turned on to calling mode 30 minutes each day until giving birth. After parturition and milk feeding, female and male pups were divided into 6 separated groups to measure TAC and MDA taken from plasma and brain.
In Control group the values of TAC and MDA for plasma and brain tissue showed no significant differences between the male and females rats. In addition, plasma TAC for Mobile-phone and LF groups showed no difference compared to Control. No significant difference was seen for plasma and brain MDA between the Mobile-phone and LF groups.
Our results revealed that chronic exposure to electromagnetic field during the embryonic period have no significant effect on brain and plasma TAC and MDA level.

Stroke as a sudden death of brain cells due to insufficient blood supply may impair the postural balance. The disturbance in balance may increase and decrease the risk of fall and self-confidence, respectively. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of aquatic and land-based exercises on postural balance of women after stroke.
In this observational study, 36 women with stroke were randomly allocated into three groups: Exercise in water (Group 1), Exercise on land (Group 2) and control. Groups 1 and 2 were participated in a 8-week exercise program. The Control group did not participate in any exercise during this period. All participants performed the functional reach test.
Results showed that postural balance of the patients was improved after the exercise therapy (P While the exercise therapy can improve the active balance of patients with stroke, the exercise in water is more effective on postural balance than the land-based exercise.

Acinetobacter baumannii (A .baumannii) is a nosocomial opportunistic pathogen especially in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with innate resistance to many antibiotics. The aims of this study were to determine the antibiotic resistance patterns, the frequency of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) enzymes among the A. baumannii isolated from tracheal tubes of hospitalized patients in ICU ward of Beheshti hospital (Kashan, Iran) during 2013-2014.
A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 40 isolates of A .baumannii. Antibiotic susceptibility test for seventeen antimicrobial agents was performed according to the CLSIs guidelines. ESBL and MBL producing isolates were confirmed by double-disk diffusion test. The presence of blaOXA51 gene was investigated using PCR.
All of A. baumannii isolates were resistant to Piperacillin, Piperacillin-Tazo­bactam, Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Meropenem, Imipenem, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, and Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole; 100% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Two (5%) and 26 (65%) strains were ESBL- and MBL-positive, respectively. All isolates were positive for blaOXA-51 gene.
The study emphasizes the high frequency of MDR in Kashan Shahid Beheshti hospital. Since the resistance genes are located on mobile elements, to prevent further spread of the infection, rapid identification of the mentioned strains is essential.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) often induces reduced ovulation, infertility and hyperandrogenism. Many PCOS cases manifest different degrees of obesity. The increased body mass index (BMI) may interfere with a successful reproduction. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of increasing BMI on anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) gene expression in granulosa cells and also biochemical factors among PCOS cases.
This cross-sectional study was carried out on 80 patients (mean age 20-35 y with PCOS or other non-PCOS infertility disorders) referred to Tabriz-Alzahra Fertility Center. Based on obesity degree and its signs, the cases were divided to four groups. In the same day of isolating oocytes, granulosa cells and serum were taken for gene expression and the analysis of biochemistry factors, respectively.
AMH gene expression level were higher in PCOS compared to normal cases (P AMH gene expression in PCOS cases is affected by the disease phenotype. Insulin resistance plays an important role in increasing serum AMH.

Pain is an inevitable part of life that affects thoughts, feelings and behavior of people. The aim of the study was to compare cognitive behavioral aspects of pain and pain acceptance based on mindfulness level in functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID).
In this study, the participants were all patients with FGID referred to the digestive psychosomatic disorders clinic in Isfahan in 2014. One-hundred sixty seven cases were selected using census method. Then among them, three groups (30 in each group) were randomly selected based on mindfulness level (low 1.5-3, medium 3.1-4.5 and high 4.6-6). To collect information, the scales of the Mindful Attention and Awareness (MAAS), the Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) and Acceptance of chronic pain (CPAQ) were used. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Man Whitney-U tests.
Kruskal-Wallis analysis showed that based on cognitive behavioral aspects of pain there was a significant difference between three groups: impairment in daily function (P According to the findings, except for pain acceptance, the mindfulness level is related to other cognitive behavioral aspects of pain. Hence, mindfulness-based programs can be effective on pain reduction and its negative aspects in patients with FGID, which pain is one of its main symptoms.

Cryptosporidium is a parasitic protozoa of medical and veterinary importance that causes gastroenteritis in a variety of vertebrate hosts. Some of the parasite surface antigens such as gp40/15 play an important role in attaching and invasion to host cell and stimulating the immune system. The possible access to recombinant proteins of the parasite can be provided by cloning and expression of these antigens. The aim of this study was to study the gene expression of gp40/15 Cryptosporidium parvum in Escherichia coli (E. coli).
The sequence of gene gp40/15 for Cryptosporidium parvum was extracted from GenBank (No.AF155624) and was synthetically cloned in PET28a. The recombinant plasmid was confirmed by the colony PCR and the BamHI and XhoI restriction enzymes. The recombinant plasmid was transferred into E. coli and the protein expression was verified using SDS-PAGE, Western blot and ELISA which was then purified by column chromatography.
The results showed that the gene gp40/15 was cloned into PET28a plasmid. The confirmation of isolated gene cloned in PET28a was done by colony PCR, restriction enzymes which showed a 921bp band. The PET28a-gp40/15 plasmid expressed in E. coli showed a 43 kDa band which was confirmed using the SDS-PAGE, Western blotting and ELISA.
The results showed that the gene gp40/15 successfully cloned into the expression plasmid PET28a expressed in E.coli and recombinant protein gp40/15 is produced in it. Therefore, the recombinant protein can be used to design recombinant vaccines and diagnostic kits in further.

Brucellosis is the most prevalent zoonotic disease. There are reports regarding the brucellosis infection in family members sharing the same risk factors. This study was designed to screen the prevalence of brucellosis among the family members of cases with acute brucellosis.
This cross-sectional study was carried out on family members of 95 acute brucellosis cases (n=239) hospitalized in Kashan Beheshti Hospital during 2013-2014. After taking the informed consent, the blood samples (5 cc) were taken from family members and the brucella agglutination test was done. The least titration value of 1:80 and 1:40 for positive Wright, Coombs Wright and 2ME tests were considered, respectively. A questionnaire containing information about the demographic and past history, signs, and laboratory results of both patients and their family members were completed through interviewing.
Ninety-five and 81 out of 239 family members were considered as brucella affected and seropositive, respectively. The highest risk factor for transmission was the consumption of contaminated dairy, especially fresh cheese. The rate of seropositivity among the family members was 33.9%. Despite the significant correlation between dairy consumption and seropsitvity (P Considering the high rate of seropositivity among family members of brucellosis cases and consumption of fresh cheese as the most common risk factor for transmission, screening the family members and public education to avoid the consumption of unpasteurized dairy is recommended.

Obese children are not only prone to various diseases, but due to the higher-caloric and lower nutritional values of their diet are also exposed to different micronutrient deficiencies. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the iron profile in obese compared to non-obese normal cases.
This Cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 children (5-15 years) during 2013-2014 in Isfahan. The case and control groups were consisted of 100 obese and none-obese children with no underlying diseases, respectively admitted to the pediatric endocrinology clinic. For all children serum iron, ferritin and total iron-binding capacity were measured. The data were analyzed using independent t-test and chi square tests.
Forty three and 24% of the children were suffering from iron deficiency in the case and control groups, respectively )P15µg/L.
Due to the increasing prevalence of iron deficiency among the obese children, screening for iron deficiency seems necessary in children and adolescents with high BMI.

Primary splenic lymphoma approximately comprises 2% of all Non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma, a rare disease, is responsible for 33% of primary splenic lymphomas. In this study a case of primary splenic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is reported.
Case Report: The case is a 57 years old woman admitted because of weakness‚ malaise‚ abdominal fullness‚ early satiety and weight loss and no lymphadenopathy. Except for huge splenomegaly, no significant finding was found on her physical examination.
No positive finding was found for infections and inflammatory diseases in virology and serology tests. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy were hypercellular. Except for huge spelenomegaly, central lymphadenopathy was not seen in chest and abdominopelvic CT. The patient had anemia‚ elevated ESR‚ CRP‚ and LDH.
Based on findings, a diagnostic-therapeutic splenectomy was planed. Pathology tests reported a non-hodgkin’s diffuse large B cell lymphoma with a positive CD20 in mmunohistochemistry. Following spelenectomy the patient received chemotherapy (R- CHOP) regimen.
In classical approach to splenomegaly, after ruling out any common causes‚ primary splenic lymphoma must be kept in mind. Splenectomy in these patients is considered not only as a diagnostic‚ but also a therapeutic attempt.