Govaresh
Volume:20 Issue: 4, 2016

Helicobacter pylori was the main cause of gastric cancer (GC) in all over the world that results in intestinal- and diffusetype carcinoma. Infection by this bacterium remains chronic for a long time. In vitro studies have highlighted the role of stem cells in GC. H. pylori infection results in tissue injury and the adult/tissue stem cells subsequently start to replace the dead cells. The genetic alteration within those cells may be the cause of development of GC, suggesting cancerous cells in the stomach are derived from tissue stem cells. Studies have proved that the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) take part in repair of the injured gastric tissue. When there was injury, the BM-MSCs migrate from bone marrow and participate in the repair of injured tissue that results in the progression of GC. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) harbor markers, targeting these markers via nano-drug systems can be used for GC therapy.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most popular causes of chronic liver diseases through the world. There are approximately 350 million individuals infected with the HBV that 15 to 20 million of them are co-infected with HDV. It is known that co-existent infection with HDV tends to accelerate the progress of chronic HBV infection to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. As HBV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) have the same transmission routes, co-infected of HBV and HCV may lead to increasing of chronic liver diseases and high mortality rate. The aim of this study is to determine the seroprevalence and the risk factor of HDV and HCV infection with HBV chronic patients. This study (descriptive-analytic, type of sectional) is done on 300 patients with chronic hepatitis B referring to hepatitis diseases clinic during 2013-2014 in Birjand. All patients had a document containing demographic information, virus transmission way and the way aware of disease. Then physical examinations were done and laboratory tests and medical sonographies were recorded in documents. The data collected with checklist then entered in SPSS software and analyzed with statistical tests (p<0.05). Mean age for 300 patients was 38.61±11.98 that %54.7 of them were female. There was found no risk factor at %45.3 of patients. Among the chronic hepatitis B patients, 11 individuals (%3.7) were co-infected with hepatitis C, 10 (%3.3) with hepatitis D and 2 (%0. 6) with both hepatitis C and D. %91.7 patients were negative HBeAg and positive HBeAb. There was no significant association between prevalence of HDV and HCV with HBV and age, sex, educational state and job. In risk factors patients co-infected HBV and HCV blood transfusion was significant (p=0)but in patients co infected HBV and HDV IV addiction and sharing needles were significant(p=0),(p= 0.01). Practitioners and all health care managers in our area should be acknowledged about the risks of dual infection with HCV and HDV in HBV-infected patients. Patients co-infected HBV and HCV blood transfusion was significant but in patients co-infected HBV and HDV IV addiction and sharing needles were significant.

Ritalin (methylphenidate Methylphenidate) is an amphetamine used to treat ADHD, symptoms of Narcolepsy, and some people with depression. This study was to investigate the effect of Ritalin food on blood albumin and some liver enzymes. In this study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups (1 control group, and three experimental groups). In the control group physiologic serum and in the experimental groups a dose of mercuric chloride infused into the peritoneal cavity for 30 days. The amount of Ritalin was 2.5 ml in 1st group, 5 ml in group 2, 10 ml group 3, every other day for 30 days. After the due date of the invoice for blood samples, were tested. There was a significant difference in albumin levels in experimental groups compared to the control group and there was a significant decrease in the amount of liver transaminases; the experimental group compared to the control group. This study shows that Ritalin causes liver enzymes disrupt the balance and serum albumin levels were increased.

Improving life is the main goal of therapeutic interventions for chronic diseases. although we needed to determine quality of life by various variables. This study aimed to determine quality of life in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in Kerman. This is a cross sectional study of 143 patients with IBS referred to a specialist, assessed by IBS-QOL.34. Data analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, t-test and ANOVA, using SPSS software. p.Value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. In this study from 143 samples, 82 were females (57.3%) and 61 males (42.7%). Quality of life score in patients was 37.16 ± 16.72, and there was significant difference in terms of employment and education level (p.value<0.05). Among patients with IBS, quality of life is far from desired. Therefore, health care providers should consider psychosocial support alongside medical management for achieving better quality of life in these patients.

Peptic ulcer was a common disease with the symptoms of epigastria pain and heartburn. Since, literature regarding peptic ulcer was questionable and different, the aim of present study was to evaluate the prevalence of peptic ulcers using the systematic review and meta-analysis methods. In this study 6 Iranian papers in the range of 2002 to 2012 were selected and used valid keywords in the SID, Goggle scholar and Elsevier databases and heterogeneously of the sample were obtained used the I2 index. In this research, 751 people were studied with an average of 125 persons per each study while 6 articles used in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of peptic ulcers in women was 30% with 95% confidence intervals (41% -19%), p=0.000 (significant level) and I2 index of 89.6%. Moreover, the prevalence of peptic ulcers in men was 60% with 95% confidence intervals (67% -53%), p = 0.051 and I2 index of 54.7%. The overall incidence of peptic ulcers was 41 % with 95% confidence intervals (47% -36%), p =0.222 and I2 index of 28.4%. The prevalence of peptic ulcers was 41% and 6-15% in Iran and the rest of the world, respectively. Although, the rate of prevalence was increased annually; this prevalence was 60% and 30% for men and women, respectively indicating that men were more vulnerable to peptic ulcers than women. A major reason for this result could be attributed to this fact that men smoke and smoke quitting was suggested for men.

To evaluate relation between air pollution and rate of flare and hospital admission among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. In this retrospective study, during a 10 months period, the number and average duration of hospitalization of patients admitted in GI ward due to IBD flare were recorded in an industrial capital city. Concomitantly the level of 4 major air pollutants including SO2, CO, NO2 and O3 measured and the correlation between severity of IBD flare and air pollution determined by Pearson correlation coefficient. Average number of admission was 7 patients per month (1-12). This figure for Crohn''s disease (CD) was 2.9 and 3.7 for ulcerative colitis (UC). The average duration of hospitalization for UC and CD were 2.8 days (1–13) and 2.9 days (1–22) respectively. After comparison of average concentration of 4 major air pollutants with rate of IBD flare,, there was a relation, although non-meaningful, between CO concentration and number and duration of admissions due to UC flare (p=0.135 & 0.08, correlation coefficient 0.196 & 0.251 respectively). DATA analysis did not reveal any significant relation between SO2 and NO2 and the rate of admission due to IBD flare (p>0.05) and Interestingly there were a reverse meaningful correlation between concentration of O3 and number and duration of admissions due to Crohn’s disease flare (p=0.016 and 0.006, Correlation Coefficient -0.338 & -0.413 respectively). It seems that CO as one of the major air pollutants can aggravates course of ulcerative colitis and on the other hand O3 could have a potential protective effect on Crohn’s disease. This issue should further be clarified in future studies.

Primary hepatic lymphoma (PHL) was a rare malignancy usually presenting with abdominal pain, malaise, Hepatomegaly, B-symptoms, fatigue, nausea, vomiting and jaundice. It mostly involves liver without any palpable lymphadenopathy and leukemia in peripheral blood smear. On July 22, 2014, a 64 year old man presented with abdominal pain localizing in Right upper quadrant and fullness from 2 years ago without any wight loss or constitutional symptoms. His physical examination revealed no mass or lymphadenopathy and lab data showed rise in Alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and Gamma-glutamyl transferase(gamma-GT). Abdominal computed tomography(CT) scan with contrast showed a calcified lesion in the left lobe of liver and illdefined hypodense area in medial segment of the left lobe of liver adjacent to gallbladder associated with mild central intra hepatic bile ducts dilation showing more enhancement in delay phase suggested peripheral cholangiocarcinoma. Finally surgical core needle biopsy of the liver confirmed malignant lymphoma of B cell type and patient was referred to oncologist for chemotherapy. His chemotherapy regimen consisted of rituximab 600 milligram (mg), endoxan 1250 mg, adriamycin 80 mg, vincristine 2 mg, prednisolone 100 mg (during five days) for 6 courses. After 5 months chemotherapy, on December 22, 2014 a follow up CT scan with IV and oral contrast was done. There was no evidence of previous mass lesion in the liver. In the follow up on May 9, 2015, he had no specific symptoms and all of his lab data were in normal range.

Hypereosinophilic syndromes were a group of divergent disorders united by overproduction of eosinophils and the several organ damages ascribed to this persistent eosinophilia. Among all the presenting symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms were the least common. We were reporting a 21 year old man with a 2 year history of refractory ascites, hepatomegaly, portal and hepatic veins thrombosis and cutaneous lesions. Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy revealed granulocytic hyperplasia with marked eosinophilia. After ruling out common causes of eosinophilia, a diagnosis of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome was made. The patient was treated with corticosteroids and imatinib but due to the advanced progression of the disease, resulted in a fatal outcome. Since early diagnosis and treatment is the key for improving the prognosis of HES patients, a high clinical suspicion is necessary in the diagnosis of this condition.