مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال بیست و ششم شماره 2 (اردیبهشت 1394)

Electromagnetic waves، such as mobile wave and microwave radiation have been used in the contemporary world for many years. Considerably، the rapidly increasing use of mobile phones has led to pay more attention to the possible effects of being exposed to mobile phone radiation on lymphatic organs. This study was conducted to investigate the mentioned effects on mice. A total of 30 healthy adult female mice were divided into one control and one exposed group. The treatment group was placed in cages with exposure to electromagnetic waves with a frequency of 915-MHz for 60 consecutive days. At the end of the experiments، total and differentiated white blood cell counts as well as the levels of IgG and IgA were determined. Lymphoid organ weights were recorded and also histological sections were prepared. Results were analyzed by independent t-test (p<0. 05). There was no death in the groups. In the exposed animals significant reduction in the spleen cells population and also follicular size and splenic weights were seen. A decrease in the number of the thymocytes and a reduction in the diameter of lymphoid follicles were observed in the thymus structure. Lymph glands were atrophied، and empty sinuses were seen in the lymphoid follicles. In addition، the number of neutrophils and monocytes as well as the IgA levels increased in the exposed group. Exposure to mobile phone radiation as a stimulator factor may cause histomorphological and morphometrical alterations in the lymphoid organs of the mice.

Breast cancer is one of the most common and serious problems in women health in which pain is one of the most obvious manifestations that is influenced by many internal and external factors. Hence, the current study was conducted to determine the role of denial and Alexithymia on pain perception in women with breast cancer. This correlational study was conducted on all women with breast cancer who referred to the clinical centers of Namazi Hospital in Shiraz at the second half of 2014. Considering the inclusion criteria like subjects’ age between 18 to 60 and the guidance school education as the minimum level of education, a number of 50 patients with breast cancer were selected by the method of purposive sampling method. The subjects were asked to respond to cancer denial interview, fill out the questionnaires of Alexithymia, and the visual assessment scale of pain individually. The collected data were analyzed by tests of Pearson correlation coefficients and multistage regression. The findings showed that pain is negatively and significantly correlated with denial (P<0/001, r=-0/52) and positively and significantly correlated with Alexithymia (P<0/01, r=0/40) and difficulty in identifying feeling (component of Alexithymia) (P<0/05, r=0/30). Regression analysis results also showed that 43% of the whole variance of pain can be explained by denial and Alexithymia. The results showed the role of denial and Alexithymia on the level of pain perception in women with breast cancer which expresses the importance of psychological factors on the level of pain perception in these patients.

Back ground & This study was designed to determine the effects of alcohol administration on sperm quality and testicular tissue pathogenesis. In this study, 20 male adult mice were divided into two groups as control (saline normal) and test (ethanol 3g/kg BW as 25% V/V). The rats were given by gastric intubation, daily for 45 days and then all the animals were sacrificed and testes were dissected out and underwent histopathological studies. Sperm samples were collected from caudal epididyms in order to evaluate sperm parameters. Percentage of seminiferous tubules with positive TDI, SPI, RI and leydig cells NO/mm2 of connective tissue and sertoli cells NO/tubule significantly decreased in alcoholic group. Light microscopic analysis of sperm parameters demonstrated that sperm motility, viability and count remarkably decreased in the test group in comparison with the controls. Moreover, the percentage of sperms with DNA disintegrity, nuclear immaturity and morphologic immaturity significantly increased in the alcoholic group compared with the control (P<0.05). The results revealed that ethanol damages spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis processes, as well, any decrease in semen quality and testis dysfunction induces fertility problems.

Axonal transport is a vital process in nervous system that protects axons and nerve terminals through supplying proteins, lipids and mitochondria and clearing folded proteins to avoid toxicity. Recently it is reported that impairment of motor proteins involved in axonal transport-like dynactin is a common factor in several neurodegenerative disorders such as Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). However, no study was found to investigate the abnormalities in axonal transport due to decreased physical activity and neuropathic pain. Ten adult male Wistar rats in the weight range of 250±30 gr were randomly divided into two groups including healthy control (C) (N=5), ligation group (SNL) (N=5). Over the six weeks, neuropathic pain behavior tests were conducted continually on the groups. In the end of the sixth weeks, change of dynactin gene expression in sciatic nerve measured with real time technique and calculated using the 2-ΔΔCT method. After 6 weeks, neuropathic pain behavior tests showed that pain threshold of thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia in the SNL group was significantly lower than the control group (p = 0.000). In addition, dynactin gene expression in sciatic nerve ligation group compared to controls decreased significantly (p = 0.001). It seems that neuropathic pain and decreased physical activity is associated with decreased dynactin gene expression in sciatic nerve fiber. According to the physiologic functions of dynactin in neurons, this condition may cause functional disorders in the neural and muscular systems.

Intra-operative diagnosis of ovarian tumors is mandatory because various types of tumors with different optimal management are seen in ovary. This study was done to determine the accuracy of scrape cytology in intraoperative diagnosis of ovarian tumors. In this prospective study, we studied scrape cytology smears of 75 consecutive ovarian tumors received in department of pathology during September 2010 to September 2012. Then, we compared the results with frozen section and permanent section results in each case. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of both methods were calculated Overall accuracy of scrape cytology was 96% and of frozen section 97.34%. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of scrape cytology were 92.30%, 96.77%, 85.71% and 98.36%, respectively. These figures were 92.30%, 98.38%, 92.30% and 98.38% for frozen section. It seems that scrape cytology can be used as a simple inexpensive method for intraoperative diagnosis of ovarian tumors as complementary or an alternative to frozen section, however, combination of both methods is more reliable.

During menopause, various physical, psychological, social, economic, and cultural factors can affect the sexual function of post-menopausal women. Among the most important of these factors are hormonal conditions. The present study is a review article conducted to examine the effect of androgens on sexual function in post-menopausal women. In this study, the articles indexed in Pubmed, Science Direct, Iranmedex, EMBASE, Scopus and SID databases were reviewed. A collection of 44 articles related to androgens and sexual function, which were published from 2003 to 2014, were studied. During the stage of menopoause, estrogen withdrawal could lead to variations in female reproductive system that could affect sexual desire and function. The lack of androgens in this period, also, affects sexual desire and function. Androgens affect brain centers and have a significant relationship with the secretion of gonadotropins, desire, and sexual response. Some studies demonstrate a correlation between androgens, including testosterone, and sexual satisfaction and function, but some other studies do not report any correlation. One of the treatments that have been recently attended to in improving women’s sexual function, is the use of androgens. What needs attention, however, is the side effects and dangers of the long-term use of androgens as well as determining the people who would benefit most from this treatment.

Pemphigus comprises a group of autoimmune life threading diseases characterized by cutaneous and mucosal blistering. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is the most common and important variant. Recent reports have revealed the relatively high incidence of PV in Iran. The onset or aggravation of many human diseases is attributed to oxidative stress and it has been suggested as one of the several factors responsible for etiopathogenesis of pemphigus.The present study was performed to assess the association of serum level of antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and total antioxidant (TAS) and SOD (superoxide desmotas) with pemphigus vulgaris. This case-control study evaluated patients referring to Razi Dermatology Hospital in Tehran, Iran from January 2011 to November 2012. Thirty patients with early diagnose of PV, who had never been under treatment were involved in this study as the case group and the control group consisted of 30 age- and sex-matched healthy people in the same center. The diagnosis of PV was confirmed by histopathology and direct immunofluorescence. Serum was collected from subjects for evaluation of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant levels and comparison with controls. GPX, TAS and SOD activity was analyzed by spectrophotometry method. Independent samples t -test was applied to compare the means of continuous variables. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. P ≤ 0.001 was considered significant. The mean serum level of glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidants was significantly lower in pemphigus patients. No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups in SOD levels of serum. The results of this study suggest that serum antioxidant level in patients with pemphigus has been changed and also showed that the change of TAS, GPX can have an important role in the Interactions of pemphigus.

Fibroblast growth factor receptor type II (FGFR2b) is the essential factor of cellular signal transduction that regulates important biological processes including cell proliferation and differentiation. The inpairment in the signaling of these receptors is associated with several human pathology. Various factors including toxic metals can change the signaling pathways. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of Nickel as the toxic metal on the structure of FGFR2b. In this study, by using plasmid pLEICS-01, BL21 bacterial, induction of IPTG, electrophoresis and column containing Ni2+ -NTA the recombinant FGFR2b was expressed and purified. The effects of Ni concentrations under 100 mM on the structure of the protein kinase domain by Spectrofluorometer and Circular dichroism (CD) was studied.Resultas: The nickel concentrations (under 100 mM) do not have a significant impact on the regular secondary structure of the protein. But they show a minor change in natural emission of tryptophan in the tertiary structure. The main structure and stability kinase domain of the fibroblast growth factor receptor type II does not change by nickel.

The most common diagnostic modality for pulmonary emboli is CT angiography (CTA). Because of the availability and inexpensiveness, taking an electrocardiogram (ECG) is the first step in patients suspicious to pulmonary emboli. However, ECG does not provide any sensitive or specific manifestations for diagnosis of pulmonary emboli. We aim to evaluate the correlation between severity of pulmonary emboli in CTA and ECG changes. In this study, 102 patients diagnosed with massive or submassive pulmonary emboli due to Qanadli index in CTA studies were evaluated. ECG was taking in all patients. There are 35 previously reported pathologic changes in ECG which were all evaluated in these patients. The correlation between ECG findings and pulmonary emboli severity in CTA was evaluated. Massive emboli were present in 56.9% and submassive emboli in 43.1% of cases. In 76.5% of cases, pathologic changes in ECG considering emboli were present. In cases with massive emboli compared to submassive emboli, ECG changes (86.2% vs. 63.6%) and mean pathologic findings in ECG (5.82±2.95 vs. 4.25±2.84) were significantly higher. Prevalence of S1O3T3, S1&SaVL>1.5 mm, ST depression in V1-V3, ST elevation in V1-V3, Negative T wave in V1-V3, Right axis deviation, RVH criteria, P-pulmonale, QR pattern in V1 were significantly higher in massive emboli group. ECG changes and number of pathologic findings were higher in massive emboli group. Most significant changes were negative T and ST depression or elevation in V1-V3 and right heart involvement findings and could predict severity of pulmonary emboli.