مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال بیست و ششم شماره 6 (شهریور 1394)

The altered levels of some essential trace elements and antioxidant minerals have been observed in diabetic patients. Zinc, as an antioxidant and essential trace element, plays a significant role in the function of many enzymes. Altered zinc content seems to be one of the contributing factors in the pathogenesis of this disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate serum level of zinc (Zn) and the correlation between zinc and fasting blood sugar (FBS) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their first-degree relatives (FDR). Methods & Materials: 46 subjects with T2DM, 46 FDR and 50 healthy subjects were involved in this study. Serum concentrations of Zn were measured by colorimetric kit (Biorex, UK). Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was assayed using the standard kit (made by Pars Azmoon Inc., Tehran, Iran).

We found decreased levels of Zn (P<0.001) in FDR when compared to healthy controls. FBS levels were negatively correlated with Zn (r=0.431,P=0.003) in patients with T2DM. However, there was no correlation between FBS level and Zn (r=0.024,P=0.8) in FDR.

Finally, patients with T2DM and their FDR has altered metabolism of Zn which may contribute to increased risk of developing T2DM later on in FDR’s life.

Hydrogen sulfide due to cytoprotective effects can be used in prevention and treatment of many disorders. The effects of hydrogen sulfide onhormonal system in rat kidneys with cisplatin (CP) nephrotoxicity are unknown. The purpose of the experiments was to survey the effects of hydrogen sulfide on rat kidneys hormonal system with cisplatin nephrotoxicity. In this experimental study, sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: control group (C), nephrotoxic group received single dose of cisplatin (CP, 6mg/kg, i.p.), nephrotoxic groups that received single dose NaHS (100µmol/kg, i.p.), propargyl glycine (PAG=CSE inhibitor, 50 mg/kg, i.p.), PAG+CP and PAG+NaHS+CP. Animals were sacrificed 6 days after CP (or vehicle) treatment, and blood was collected for laboratory analysis. The results showed that plasma urea and creatinine in cisplatin nephrotoxic rats were significantly higher than the control group. Plasma erythropoietin in cisplatin nephrotoxicity group increased when compared to the control group. There was a slight increase in plasma renin concentration in the PAG group when compared to other groups. When the hydrogen sulfide was administered to the experimental rats, these changes were reversed. Hydrogen sulfide prevented erythropoietin, urea, and creatinine changes in cisplatin nephrotoxic rats probably by its cytoprotective effects such as antioxidant properties.

This cross sectional study was done among 120 women who referred to the Gynecology hospital in Baku with an average of 24.1± 2.91 years. 30 non pregnant women were selected as controls and 90 pregnant women as the study group. S. Mutans culture test was accomplished in both groups. PH and buffering capacity of saliva was measured using a PH meter and titration method. Two groups were compared using statistical analysis of variance ANOVA. There was no significant difference in the mean age of study and control group (P<0.05). There was significant difference between study and control groups regarding colony numbers of S. mutans in the saliva (P<0.001). The difference of mean saliva PH was significant between the control group and pregnant women in the first, second, and third trimester of pregnancy (P<0.001). The buffering capacity of saliva in second and third trimester of pregnancy was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). According to this study, the decrease in PH and buffering capacity of saliva and increase in S. mutans in the saliva during pregnancy can contribute to increased risk for dental caries. So the assessment of oral health during pregnancy should not be ignored.

Mistyping either a donor or a recipient can lead to transfusion with ABO incompatible blood which results in severe intravascular hemolysis and may even result in the death of the recipient. ABO phenotype is one of the essential tests in immunohematology. Eighty percent of blood group A and AB persons are subtype A1 and A1B, respectively. The other 20% of these blood groups are subtype “non-A1,” most often A2 (or A2B). A1 phenotyping is not routinely performed in compatibility testing; however, some patients and donors may be identified as “A, non-A1” or “AB, non-A1B” in the course of routine blood bank typing because they have anti-A1 antibody in their plasma. Anti-A1 is a cold antibody with no clinical significance, but if reacted at 37˚c it can be clinically significant, that happens rarely. At the present, we report the prevalence of blood groups that have anti-A1 antibody and have clinical significance. The study was done to assess the prevalence of a subgroup and the transfusion implications.

An analysis was performed on patients during the period from June 2014 to November 2014. In this descriptive study, we enrolled 245 samples using random sampling method. To confirm the prevalence of A1 and A2 subtypes in ABO grouping, we conducted a few tests. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 15 statistical software.

There was about 94.6% of A1 subgroup and 5.4% of cases were of A2 subgroups. There was no proportion and prevalence of A1-antibody in A2 blood group in our samples, because there was no reaction between the blood serum of patients with cell A1 references. There was no trace of anti-A1 in the plasma of patients.

The collected data show that implementation of some subgroups such as A1 and A2 and anti-A1 in blood grouping is vital for ABO blood typing.

Cardiovascular diseases are the most common cause of death in the West Azerbaijan Province. This study was conducted to estimate the contribution burden of modification risk factor of central obesity and determine the effect of reducing its prevalence on cardiovascular diseases in this province. To calculate the Potential Impact Fraction (PIF), the World Health Organization comparative risk assessment (CRA) methodology was used. The prevalence of risk factors was obtained from provincial data of the sixth steps survey of non-communicable risk factors conducted in 2011 and the effect size of risk factor was extracted from Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. By reducing the percent of women with central obesity from%19.1 to the theoretical (zero level) and the feasible minimum risk level (%12), then attributable Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) to cardiovascular disease was avoidable as 9.5% and 3.5%, respectively. Also with the decrease in the prevalence of obesity in men from 18% to the theoretical risk (zero) and feasible minimum risk (12%), the corresponding value was 7.4% and 2.5%, respectively. According to the considerable contribution of central obesity on attributable burden of cardiovascular disease in the West Azerbaijan province and considering this fact that central obesity has an important role in increasing hypertension, cholesterol, triglycerides and blood sugar. Thus, central obesity prevention and control will be an essential approach in reducing morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular diseases.

In this study, 3 pharmacies in the North, South and central regions of Karaj were selected and cluster sampling was done. About 195 prescriptions including psychiatric medications were taken into consideration as well as the patients receiving them. Consistency was assessed using GHQ 28 item version and SCID-1. The general cut-off point in the GHQ on the interview was 23. The analysis of data was done via SPSS-18 and using both through descriptive and analytic statistics, the regression, Chi-Squared and correlation tests. Most of prescriptions (42%) belonged to the general physicians and the most frequently prescribed medications belonged to antidepressant drugs (70%). 51% of patients referring to the general physicians, 46% of patients referring to the internal medicine physicians and 54% of patients referring to the neurologist with no psychiatric problems. In most cases, psychiatric medications were prescribed based on the patients’ initial complaints. In most cases, psychiatric medications prescribed were not consistent with the mental status of patients. As this study showed more attention should be paid to training physicians in management and treatment of psychiatric disorders.

Ruta Graveolens (RG) commonly called sodab has been known as a medicinal herb since ancient times.RG (Sodab) is traditionally used as contraceptive and occasionally for induction of abortion in humans.However, little is known about its anti-fertility property.This work aimed to study the anti-fertility properties of RG aqueous extract using histomorphometry method. The study was performed on 24 female mice that were divided into two groups as control and RG.The control group received normal saline 0.2 ml and the RG group received 300 mg/kg aqueous extract of RG per day, orally for 14 days.On days 17 (week 1), 24 (week 2) and 31 (week 3) after treatment, Histomorphometric studies were conducted on the ovary tissue.The number of follicles and its diameters were measured. We found that RG extract reduced the number of mature follicles, and increased the number of immature follicles.The findings revealed that RG extract reduced follicle diameter in mice, when compared to the control group. It was found that the aqueous extract of RG interfere with follicle development and reduced fertilizing ability in female mice.

This study aimed to explore the correlation of serum level of HER2-neu, CA 15-3, and CEA with TNM staging for breast cancer In this study serum samples of 50 patients with breast cancer were assessed with ELISA method for level of HER2-neu, CA15-3 and CEA preoperatively. After operation histopathologic specimens stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin were evaluated for tumor size, histopathologic subtype, grade and lymph node involvement. Tumor stage was determined according to bone scan, radiologic findings, bone marrow biopsy, and serum alkaline phosphatase. Then the correlation of tumor stage and serum level of markers was analyzed. Serum HER2-neu in 16% (8 cases), CA15-3 in 78% (39 cases) and CEA in 66% (33cases) were detected. Serum level of HER2-neu, CA15-3 and CEA was correlated with the clinical stage of the tumor (p<0,001). There was a correlation between serum level of tumor markers and lymph node involvement (p<0.001 for CA15-3 and CEA and P=0.007 for HER2-neu). Serum level of CA15-3 and CEA were correlated with tumor size (p<0.001 and p=0.004 respectively) but there was no correlation with HER2_neu (p<0.15). There was a correlation between histologic grade and tumor markers level (p<0.001). There was no correlation between serum markers and histologic subtype (p=0.397, p=0.118 and p=0.154 for HER2-neu, CA15-3 and CEA respectively). Serum levels of HER2-neu, CA15-3 and CEA can be used as preoperative predictive factors for tumor stag e.

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world. These diseases and their treatment influence the quality of life functions. Psychological treatment can improve the quality of life of these patients. The present study made an attempt to comparatively study the efficacy of emotional disclosure practices using verbal/writing on improving the quality of life for women with breast cancer in Tabriz. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design, a sample of 30 women with breast cancer from breast cancer support community members in Tabriz were selected randomly into two experimental groups and control group (n = 15 in each group). Data collection included questionnaires EORTCQLQ_C30.V.3 along with BR23.V.3 questionnaire belonging to the European Organization for Cancer Research and Treatment, respectively. In the implementation process, emotional disclosure group was trained for 4 sessions to impart unpleasant memories associated with the disease, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The results of co-variance test showed that emotional disclosure in women with breast cancer improve quality of life on the components of physical function, cognitive, social, emotional, and general quality and symptoms but has no effect on sexual function and role playing elements, and there was no difference between mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and emotional disclosure. We can take advantage of these methods as complementary therapies in oncology centers along with medical treatment.