فهرست مطالب

مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 8 (آبان 1396)

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1396/08/15
  • تعداد عناوین: 7
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  • Maryam Gorban Nejad, Mohammad Taqi Gorbanian* Pages 8-16
    Background and Aims
    Neurogenesis in the adult mammal brain occurs throughout life. Adult neurogenesis has been clearly demonstrated in the sub granular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus. Pheromones that plays an essential role in the development of the central nervous system. The male pheromones are involved in regulating neurogenesis in both the olfactory bulb and hippocampus, which may be important for female reproductive success. The golgi silver impregnation method is a powerful method still routinely used for studying neuronal morphology. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of pheromones on the neuronal morphology in the mice hippocampus.
    Materials And Methods
    Thirty adult NMRI mice 6-8 weeks were used in this study. Adult female animals were divided into four groups. These intact and bilaterally ovariectomized mice and males were placed with and without wire mesh in cage. The animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation and brain was sectioned (50 μm) and stained with golgi method and observed by microscope.
    Results
    Neuronal arborization in pheromones group has different with and without pheromones groups. The morphology features of the dentate gyrus neurons of the hippocampus were varied in the exposure to the pheromones as compared to other group.
    Conclusion
    This study report that the pheromones of males stimulate neurogenesis and neuronal morphology in the hippocampus of female mice.
    Keywords: Golgi method, Neurogenesis, Hippocampus, Phermones
  • Sommayeh Ghoreishi, Mohammad Reza Sam* Pages 17-24
    Background and Aims
    Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancies in the world. Despite advances in treatment of patients with ALL, a subset of patients will have recurrent disease or refractory to chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Consequently, assessment of the effectiveness of natural compounds with high efficacy and minimal side effects is warranted. In this regard, it has been shown that some of bacterial pigments such as prodigiosin isolated from cell wall of Serratia marcescens have dramatic anti-cancer activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of prodigiosin on the cell viability and cell number, cell proliferation and apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cell line that serves as a model for ALL cells.
    Materials and Methods
    Malignant cells were treated with 100, 200 and 400 nM prodigiosin for 24, 48 and 72 h and cell proliferation-rates were measured by performing WST-1 assay. Furthermore, malignant cells were treated with the indicated concentrations of prodigiosin for 48 h and cell viabilities and cell numbers along with apoptotic-rates were determined by trypan blue staining method and flow cytometer respectively.
    Results
    Treatment of cells with increasing concentrations of prodigiosin significantly decreased Proliferation-rates in a dose- and time-dependent manner compared to untreated cells. Specifically, after 72 h treatments with 100, 200 and 400 nM prodigiosin, proliferation-rates were measured to be%77.3 ± %1.5, %63 ± %2, and%46.3 ± %3.2 respectively as compared to untreated cells. Furthermore, following 48 h treatments with indicated concentrations of prodigiosin, the cell numbers and viabilities were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Specifically, treatment with 400 nM prodigiosin resulted in 44% (4.5 × 105 cells) and 63% for cell number and viability respectively as compared to untreated cells. At the same conditions, apoptotic-rates (Early Late) were measured to be 33.8% to 72.8% at the indicated prodigiosin concentrations ranging.
    Conclusion
    Prodigiosin decreased cell number and viability as well as cell proliferation-rates. This compound also increased apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells. Therefore, this compound with high pro-apoptotic capacity represents an attractive anti-leukemic agent in ALL.
    Keywords: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), Prodigiosin, Serratia marcescens, Cell proliferation, Apoptosis
  • Nima Fatollahzadeh, Yaejhob Sharifi, Maryam Gahremani, Nima Hosseini Jazani* Pages 25-32
    Background and Aims
    B.cepacia is one of the causative agents of health care associated infections which have the ability of attachment to different surfaces and biofilm formation is one of the most important virulence factors in pathogenesis of this microorganism. Nanoparticles are key components which are considered for the designing of new antimicrobial agents, no studies have been done on the anti-biofilm effects of Ni-NPs on B.cepacia, so the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-biofilm effects of different concentrations of Ni-NPs on B.cepacia.
    Materials and Methods
    Microtiter plate method was used to determine the potential of the B.capacia ATCC 25416 in respect of biofilm production. The amounts of biofilm formation were also measured in the presence of 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/mL concentrations of Ni-NPs. Statistical analysis was done by one-way ANOVA to determine significant differences between groups.
    Results
    The study results revealed that B.capacia ATCC 25416 was strong biofilm producer. Biofilm formation significantly decreased in the presence of 1, 0.5 and 0.1 mg/mL of Ni-NPs (p=0.00, 0.00 and 0.008 respectively). Although in the presence of 0.01mg/mL of Ni-NPs decrease in biofilm formation was observed, but it was not statistically significant (P=0.08).
    Conclusion
    The present study showed the ability of biofilm formation by B.capacia ATCC 25416. On the other hand, the lowering effects of nickel nanoparticles on biofilm formation by this microorganism were observed.
    Keywords: Burkholderia cepacia, nickel nanoparticles, biofilim
  • Farnaz Boroumand Azad, Keyvan Tadayon*, Mojtaba Noofeli, Rainak Ghaderi, Mohammad Sekhavati, Samaneh Saedi, Masoumeh Fatah Moghadam, Ebrahim Abbasi Pages 33-41
    Background and Aims
    Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, continues to infect human hosts even in those populations where infants and children are routinely vaccinated. Causes of pertussis epidemiology are not fully identified unless strains of the pathogen are characterized by molecular means. Golbally, Multi Locus Variable Number of Tandem Repeats analysis (MLVA) has proved very useful in inter-laboratory surveillance of majoriy of world most important bacterial diseases. This work was conducted to improve the current MLVA typing method developed by Schouls in 2004.
    Materials and Methods
    An in silico search was comparatively conducted on the whole genomes of 5 laboratory/vaccine strains of B. pertussis deposited in the NCBI genome database by Tandem Repeat Finder software. PCR protocols were then adopted to enable simultaneous amplification found loci. A further comparative genomic analysis of 20 world-known B. pertussis strains from diverse spatial and temporal origins was performed using the detected new VNTR loci.
    Results
    Two polymorphic loci carrying tandem repeats (TRs) with 6 (AAGCCC) and 9 (GGCTGGCCG) nucleotides were detected and designated as VNTR9 and VNTR10, respectively. Application of these on genomic templates from B. pertussis 107 and B. pertussis 509 vaccine strains used by Razi institute in manufacturing the pertussis vaccine resulted in succesful production of PCR amplicons from both strains. Nei's diversity indices of 0.38 and 0.1 were achieved by these loci, respectively in comparative genomic analysis of B. pertussis strains from across the world.
    Conclusion
    We assume inclusion of VNTR9 and VNTR10 in MLVA analysis of clinical isolates of B. pertussis is useful in improving current understanding of pertussis in Iran.
    Keywords: whooping cough, Epidemiology, Strains
  • Mohammad Hossein Rahimi Rad, Mohammad Amin Valizade Hasanloei*, Shahryar Sane, Nasim Alidaei, Shaghaiegh Rahimi Rad Pages 42-48
    Background and Aims
    Recent studies have shown that thrombocytopenia (TP) is associated with poor outcomes in patients with pneumonia, burns, and H1N1 influenza. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of platelet count trends and TP on mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients.
    Materials and Methods
    TP was defined as
    Results
    Of 300 patients, 131 (43.7%) had TP upon admission to the ICU. The rates of TP were 60% among patients who died as compared to 34% among surviving patients (p
    Conclusion
    TP is commonly observed in ICU patients. TP diagnosis and trends of decreasing platelet counts over time are each predictors of mortality among ICU patients. Because platelet counts are inexpensive and readily available, our findings suggest that their use helps inform clinical decision-making in patients with critical illness.
    Keywords: platelet count, thrombocytopenia, outcome, intensive care unit
  • Soroush Ghodratizadeh, Yousef Rasmi, Mohammad Hassan Khadem Ansari* Pages 48-54
    Background and Aims
    Myocardial infarction is one of the most common life threatening diseases in worldwide. Betaine is a safe and well tolerated compound that shows beneficial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Previous studies demonstrated, betaine reduce cardiovascular diseases but molecular mechanism of action did not known completely. Cathepsin G play pivotal role in tissue injury and inflammation. Hence, we hypothesized betaine protective effects mediated by cathepsin G enzyme.
    Materials and Methods
    To examine this hypothesis, an animal model of 48 Albino rats weighing 200 ± 10 g was used. Light – dark cycle, temperature, humidity of cage were controlled. Rats divided into G1, G2, and G3 Groups and received betaine in dosage 50, 150 and 250 mg/kg via gavage respectively. Deionized water administrated for control group in same conditions. After 60 days treatment, isoproterenol (100 mg/kg) used for induction of myocardial infarction and then anesthesia and sampling performed. Serum level of cardiac troponin I and cathepsin G were measured via ELISA test. Serum homocysteine level measured by auto analyzer. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS 23.
    Results
    Our results shows, homocysteine level in control, G1, G2, and G3 are 9.98 ± 3.27, 7.29 ± 1.79, 6.69 ± 2.55 and 2.88 ± 1.4 µmol/L respectively that reduced dose dependently. Betaine protect heart against isoproterenol induced myocardial infraction. Cardiac troponin level in control, G1, G2, and G3 are 285.59 ± 49.87, 159.4 ± 66.94, 199.15 ± 78.33 and 209.31 ± 86.66 respectively. Cathepsin G level did not changed significantly between groups.
    Conclusion
    These results demonstrated betaine have protective effects on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infraction but cathepsin G is not underlay molecular mechanism.
    Keywords: betaine, isoprenaline, myocardial infarction, cathepsin G, rat
  • Sara Javanmardi*, Samira Golmohammadi, Ramin Mazaheri Khameneh Pages 55-63
    Background and Aims
    Adhesion and fibrotic bands formation is one of the most important post-surgical complication in pelvic and abdominal surgeries. Major studies in prevention of adhesion formation have based on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents. Silymarin, Silybum marianum extract contains compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and fibrinolytic activities thus could reduce adhesion formation. The aim of the present study was to examine silymarin effects on post –operative peritoneal adhesion prevention in rats.
    Materials and Methods
    In this study eighteen 8-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Under general anesthesia a 2-3 cm ventral midline incision was aseptically made. To induction of adhesions the cecal abrasion model was used. Rats were randomly divided into three groups silymarin, vehicle and the control, each containing 6 rats. Rats in silymarin group received 50 mg/kg silymarin, while rats in the control group were given 0.9% sodium chloride and the vehicle group were treated with equal volume of poly ethylene glycol, intraperitonealy once daily for five days. All animals were sacrificed on the 15th postoperative day. The adhesions were scored as 0, 1, 2 and 3. The cecum and adherent bands were prepared for histopathological evaluation. A semi-quantitive scoring system of the hitopathological grading scale was used for the evaluation of the inflammation grade.
    Results
    There were no incisional hernias or wound dehiscences in any animals of the three groups. Both macroscopic adhesion scoring and the histopathological grading showed significantly low adhesion scores in the silymarin group in comparision to the control group. (p
    Conclusion
    Based on results, it was concluded that silymarin is effective in preventing postoperative peritoneal adhesions in rats.
    Keywords: Silymarin, Post, operative peritoneal adhesion, Rats