مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال بیست و هشتم شماره 11 (بهمن 1396)

Benign migratory glossitis, or geographic tongue is an asymptomatic inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology that affects the epithelium of the tongue. Genetical disposition, allergic reactions, psoriasis, stress, consumption of particular foods, pernicious anemia, acquired immunodeficiency, psychological disorders, lithium consumption are some of the conditions that are associated with geographic tongue. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the periodic prevalence of geographic tongue and allergic phenomena among patients admitting to the Alborz dental clinic, Urmia, Iran.
In this study, 1811 patients admitted to Alborz Dental Clinic during 2016-2017 in Urmia were studied. After completion of the form and oral examination, the data were analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistics, chi-square and Spearman test using statistical software SPSS 22.
From the total number of 1811 examined patients (1002 women and 809 men), 248 (13.7%) had geographic tongue. This study showed that there was a positive and statistically significant relationship between geographic tongue and allergic phenomena. (r=0/138, p According to the results of this study individuals with a history of allergy are twice more likely to have geographic tongues. The more severe the allergic signs the higher the probability of having geographic tongue.

In recent years infant mortality rate has dropped in Iran, but this rate is still high in developing countries. This study investigates the causes of infant mortality in the neonatal intensive care unit during 2011-2016.
This descriptive study was conducted on 195 infants admitted to the Intensive Care Unit of Beesat Hospital in Hamadan. The sampling method was a full-scale study of all patients from birth to one month of age with a diagnosis of underlying diseases and various causes of death. SPSS software was used to analyse the data and the results were presented descriptively.
The results indicated that 53% of the cases were male and 47% were female and the highest mortality rate were in the age group of 1-10 days (63%) and 10 days to 1 month (31%). Highest mortality rate of infants in the NICU were due to pulmonary diseases (32.64%), coronary heart disease (23.72%), central nervous system diseases (9.62%), respectively.
Taking a special consideration into neonatal period and special care of infants born of at-risk mothers and the provision of health education and care to these mothers can have a significant role in reducing the mortality rate of neonates.

Although cataract surgery is common worldwide, there are little studies on controlling its postoperative pain with non-pharmacological strategies. One of these strategies strategies is using head bands. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of using head band on postoperative pain after cataract surgery.
In this randomized clinical trial, 586 candidates for cataract surgery under topical anesthesia and sedation were randomly divided into two equal groups; group (S) who used head band before starting of sedation until the end of operation with 10-15 mmHg pressure; and the second group (control) who did not use head band. Pain intensity and additional analgesic consumption were assessed in recovery room each 15 minutes for 1 hour. Also pulse rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation (SpO2), and blood pressure presence of vomiting, using ondansetron and apotel, duration of being in recovery room, and finally patients’ satisfaction were evaluated.
The mean visual analogue scale (VAS) score was significantly lower in group S in 30, 45 and 60 minutes after entrance to recovery room. The mean O2 saturation was significantly higher in S group in 45 and 60 minutes after entrance to the recovery room. The incidence of vomiting, consumption of ondansetron and apotel was significantly lower in S group. Patient's satisfaction was significantly higher in S group.
Using head band before cataract surgery can improve postoperative pain, vital sign and complications. It can also reduce use of ondansetron and apotel and increases patient's satisfaction.

Stroke is the most important cause of disability among adults. Although most stroke patients regain the ability to move independently, many will have persisting problems with mobility due to impaired balance and motor weakness. It seems imperative to use effective therapeutic methods in order to improve disability conditions of stroke patients. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of electromyography biofeedback on motor paralysis of the lower extremities in patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in Isfahan city.

This study was carried out based on a multiple baseline with a staging initiation of treatment. The subjects were comprised of 4 patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes who were referred from neurologic clinics. The patients firstly were selected according to a purposeful procedure. Then, they were identified according to an interview administered by the neurologist and reviewing their medical records, and finally 4 subjects were randomly selected as the sample. In this study, Motor Arm & Grading Motor Leg questionnaire was used to collect the data.

The results of data chart visual analysis revealed a significant difference between the intervention and baseline phases for 4 patients considering motor paralysis of the lower extremities (PND 60% subject number 1 & 80% subject number 2&40% subject number 3 & subject number 4). In other words, motor paralysis of the lower extremities in the sample had reduced. The motor paralysis remained stable in the follow up phase (1 month and 1 week after intervention). As a result, electromyography biofeedback treatment had reduced the motor paralysis.

Using electromyography biofeedback can be an effective way in preventing or reducing motor paralysis in patients with stroke.

Previous research has shown that adult male rats’ castration reduces memory and learning. On the other hand, zinc chloride has a positive impact on memory and learning in some studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate effects of zinc chloride on passive avoidance memory of male rats, in gonadectomized peri-pubertaly.
In this experiment, fifty male rats were gonadectomized at postnatal day 21-22 and at puberty, they were divided into six groups, control, sham (saline), gonadectomized (saline), and the gonadectomized groups receiving Zinc chloride 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg. Then on postnatal day 77, passive avoidance memory was examined by the shuttle box. Different doses of zinc chloride (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg; IP) were administered 30 min before training and the test was taken 24 hours later.
Gonadectomy increased the stopping time in the dark room compared to the sham group, but this increase did not reach to a significant criterion. Groups receiving zinc chloride 5 and 20 mg / kg showed a significant decrease in stopping time in the dark room compared to the gonadectomized group receiving saline (p The findings of this study indicate that zinc chloride in pre-pubertal gonadectomized can improve and reduce the memory destruction caused by gonadectomy.

Sexually transmitted diseases are the most prevalent causes of sexually transmitted infections. One of these infections is Mycoplasma hominis. The aim of this study was determine serological frequency of Mycoplasma hominis and its effective factors in patients with high risk sexual behaviors in Urmia behavioral diseases clinic in 2016-2017.
In this case-control study, 140 patients referred to the Urmia Cognitive-Disease Center were entered into the study using available sampling method. 140 people were also examined as control group. For each sample, a completed questionnaire and 5cc blood samples were taken to determine the serum level of anti-mycoplasma hominis antibodies. Experiments were performed using immunofluorescence method. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and Chi-square was utilized. Additionally, the SPSS 18 was employed for data analysis. The significance level was less than 0.05
In the present study, 117 male and 23 female patients with average age of 36.5 years (age range of 17-56 years) were included in the study. There was a significant correlation between level of education and anti-mycoplasma hominis antibodies (P = 0.001), but among other demographic characteristics as well as the history of high-risk and hazardous behaviors and presence of anti-mycoplasma hominis antibodies significant difference not founded, Beside there was no significant correlation between demographic characteristics and anti-mycoplasma hominis antibodies in the control group (P Due to role of Mycoplasma in the incidence of genital tract infections and its complications, it is recommended that the patients with high risk sexual behavior be screened for behavioral disease.

The aim of this study was to determination and comparison of echocardiographic profile of elite Iranian weightlifters with non-athletes. Sample of research included 10 elite weightlifters with mean age of /2±1/218 years old and 10 non-athletes with mean age of 8/3±1/19 years old that As subjects participated in this study. The subjects were tested by one and two-dimensional echocardiography to determine cardiac structure (Left ventricular mass (TLVM), Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDD), Left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVSD), End-diastolic inter ventricular septal size (DVS), End-systolic inter ventricular septal size (SVSS)) after complete of consent form and medical history questionnaire. For comparison of data in two groups, all data recorded digitally according basic data analysis was calculated by expert echo cardiographer. Findings of the research were analyzed by independent samples t test. Results show that the mean left ventricular structural variables of the elite Iranian weightlifters are more than non-athletes. Except in left ventricular end-diastolic and systolic size (P>0.05), there were significant differences in other cardiac structural variables between the two groups (P

The proper concentration of fluoride in drinking water can prevent dental caries and the concentration of above the standard causes dental fluorosis. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between fluoride concentration in the drinking water with DMFT index and dental fluorosis in 11-12 years old students in rural areas of Oshnavieh.
In this descriptive-cross sectional study, all 11-12 years old students were selected from 42 villages with a population of more than 300 people, in the city of Oshnavieh. The study population included 436 and 478 female and male students, respectively. The duration of the study was 5 months and study population was examined according to the WHO guidelines. The rate of dental caries and fluorosis in students in each village was determined by DMFT index and based on Dean Classification, respectively. The mean fluoride concentration was determined based on the 10-year results of the standard tests of the rural water and Sewage Company. The relationship between fluoride concentration in the drinking water, DMFT index and dental fluorosis were analyzed by linear regression analysis using SPSS software.
The mean of fluoride concentration in drinking water was 0.2 ± 0.09 mg/L. The mean of DMFT index in the studied students was 3.11±1.48 (female students 3.06±1.57 and male students 3.16 ±1.68). No dental fluorosis was detected at any level in any of the examined students. The results of statistical analysis showed that there is a significant reverse relationship between fluoride concentration and DMFT index (R2=0.58, P valve=0.001).
The results of this study showed that, for one unit increasing of fluoride, the DMFT index 3.74 unit increased. Also, relationship between fluoride and DMFT index is significant and inverted.

Transverse myelitis is a common clinical syndrome among children and adults caused by inflammation of the spinal cord. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a central stability training course on muscle function and balance of women with transverse myelitis.
In this quasi-experimental study, 25 women with transverse myelitis were divided into two experimental groups (n =13) and a control (n =12). Before and after the exercise protocol, for measuring muscle function (strength and muscular endurance) and balance, a chest compression test, two-minute walking stamina and leaf-scale were used respectively. The experimental group then performed central stability exercises for six weeks. In order to analyze the data, paired t-test was used to examine the difference between groups in order to examine the difference between the groups and independent t-test.
The results showed a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test statistics on the mean change in mean muscle function (strength and muscular endurance) and balance in the experimental group There was no significant difference in control group (P≤0.05). The findings also showed a significant difference between the level of muscle function changes (strength and muscular endurance) and the balance between experimental and control groups (P≤0.05).
The results of statistical analysis showed that central stability exercises improve muscle and balance in women with transverse myelitis.