مجله مطالعات علوم پزشکی
سال بیست و نهم شماره 9 (آذر 1397)

In recent years, psychiatric disorders have been high and these disorders sometimes cause shame experience in families with psychiatric disorders. This research aimed to investigate the prediction of shame experience in families with psychiatric patients based on self-awareness, cognitive flexibility and self-compassion.

This descriptive study was carried out on all families with psychiatric patients in psychiatric wards of the Razi Teaching Hospital of Urmia City during August and September, 2017. A total of 280 person from families with psychiatric patients were selected by accidental sampling method. The research tools included shame attitudes toward mental disorders, self-awareness, cognitive flexibility and self-compassion. Data was analyzed using of SPSS-19 and by Pearson correlation and multiple regression.
It was revealed that the variables of self-awareness, cognitive flexibility and self-compassion had a negative and significant relationship with shame experience in families with psychiatric patients. Also, the predictor variables significantly predicted 24 percent of variance of shame experience in families with psychiatric patients (P<0/01).
The results indicated the importance of self-awareness, cognitive flexibility and self-compassion in predicting the shame experience in families with psychiatric patients. Therefore, in order to reduce the shame experience, counselors and clinical psychologists can increase the self-awareness, cognitive flexibility and self-compassion in families with psychiatric patients.

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and nitric oxide (NO) overproduction following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion extensively happens in the subcortical regions (core areas). Hence, we assessed the effects of NO inhibition by L-NAME on transcription of the transmembrane proteins claudin-3 and 12, with key role in BBB structure, at subcortical areas following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rat. Eighteen male Wistar rats (270-320 g) were randomly divided into three groups; sham, control ischemia and treated ischemic groups. Brain ischemia was induced by 90 min right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by 24 hours reperfusion. Rats received L-NAME intraperitoneally at dose of 1 mg/kg 30 min before MCAO. Neurological deficit score (NDS), BBB permeability and transcription of the claudin-3 and 12 genes at subcortical areas were assessed 24 hours after termination of MCAO. MCAO induced neurological dysfunction (2.83±0.30) and BBB interruption in the ischemic hemispheres of control ischemic group, whereas L-NAME administration in ischemic treated rats significantly declined neurological dysfunction (1.50±0.22) and also BBB permeability. L-NAME administration in treated ischemic group also enhanced the transcription levels of caudin-3 and 12 by 76% and 71%, respectively, which declined in control ischemic group. Our findings indicate that NO inhibition in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion declines the BBB interruption and stroke outcomes through preventing from reduction of the transcription levels of caudin-3 and 12 in subcortical areas.

Angiogenesis plays an important role in tumor growth and metastasis of cancer; therefore, compounds that inhibit the angiogenesis process can prevent tumor growth. Recently, Schiff base complexes have become important due to properties such as anticancer, anti-oxidant, and the like. In this study, the angiogenesis effect of the copper Schiff base complex on the chorioallantoic membrane was investigated. to do research from 40 egg spatula were used. After 48 hours of incubation, a window was cut on eggs and were treated by Schiff base complex on the eighth day. On the twelfth day, photographs were taken from the samples. The number and length of blood vessels, and then the weight and length of the embryos were measured. Technique of Real Time PCR were used to study the change genes expression of VEGF and VEGF-R on MCF7 cells. The results showed that the Schiff base complex was able to significantly reduce the number and length of blood vessels. Also, by increasing the complex concentration, the weight and length of the embryos decreased. Investigating the genes expression (VEGF and VEGF-R (showed that the Schiff base complex cu (II) were able to inhibit genes expression. The results indicate that this combination can reduce and inhibit the process of angiogenesis. Therefore, it can be introduced as a candidate in treatment to pathological diseases such as cancer.

Chemerin is one of the adipocines that is secreted in the form of prochemerin from visceral fat, liver, adipose tissue, aorta and coronary artery wall, and can be considered as a predictor of cardiovascular disease particularly in elderly men. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of eight weeks of endurance and resistance training on chemerin level, insulin resistance index in inactive elderly men. In this quasi-experimental study, 24 inactive elderly men were non-randomly divided into interventional and control groups. The combined training included endurance training (with intensity of 60-70% of maximum heart rate reserve) and resistance training (with intensity of 70% one repetition maximum). The training was performed three times per week (one hour session) for 8 weeks. Chemerin, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance index were measured in two groups before and after eight weeks. The eight weeks of combined training decreased the chemerin level, insulin and FBS levels, insulin resistance index, and body fat percentage in interventional group compared to the controls (P<0.05). The eight weeks of combined training decreased the chemerin level and insulin resistance in elderly men.

Iodine as an essential element is required for biosynthesis of thyroid hormones as well as for the development of the nervous system of the fetus. Therefore, the consumption of an extra dose of iodine ranging from 150-250 µg/day has been recommended for women planning a pregnancy or at early stage of maternity by world health organizations. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of iodine supplementation (150 μg/d) for 90 days on thyroid volume and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in women of reproductive age in West Azarbaijan province, Iran. In this study, 38 women were enrolled (Age: 20-30 years). Inclusion criteria were non-pregnant students, at least one-year residency in student dormitory and no history of thyroid disorders. Thyroid volume was measured by a Philips Affiniti 50 ultrasound. Serum TSH measurements were performed by Liason instrument. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software version 16. The mean age and body mass index (BMI) of the studied population were 24.1 ± 2.59 years and 21.35 ± 2.2 kg / m2. At baseline and 90 day post iodine supplementation, mean total thyroid volume, right lobe and left lobe were 7.07 ± 2.47 ml vs 6.06 ± 0.54 ml; 3.31 ± 1.39 ml vs 3.31 ± 0.86 ml and 2.49 ± 1.21, 2.74 ± 0.79 ml. Paired t test showed the reductions in thyroid size were statistically significant (P<0.05). a significant decrease in The mean volume of left, right and left lobes volume and total thyroid volume after the supplementation stage was shown to be significant (P <0.05). There was no relationship between BMI, body surface area (BSA) or thyroid volume. No difference was detected in TSH levels before and after the iodine treatment (2.13 ± 1.02 mIU/L vs 2.37 ± 1.31 mIU/L). This study reveals that the iodine intervention three months was associated with a 14.28% reduction in to total thyroid volume. On the other hand, the treatment had no effect on the level of TSH. The marked reduction in thyroid volume combined with the a large between individual coefficient of variation in the right lobe and left lobe after the exposure to iodine treatment suggest that assessment of the thyroid size is a sensitive and non-invasive method for longitudinal study exploring the benefits and harms of iodine therapy. Further studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up time point and in combination with urinary iodine excretion, serum thyroglobulin and thyroid-autoimmunity biomarkers are needed to confirm the findings of this preliminary study.

Hypoxia and exercise training increase the capillary density of the muscle and the heart and is one of the important reasons for the development of aerobic exercise and the prevention and treatment of many diseases. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of simulated heights and aerobic training on PGC-1α angiogenesis in the heart tissue. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups; normal control, hypoxia, and training groups. Hypoxia group was exposed to chronic intermittent and Isobaric hypoxia. And exercise group ran on a treadmill (22-26 meter per min) for 8 weeks, 5 session/ weeks. Then, relative protein density of PGC-1α, VEGFA and ERRα were measured with western blot method. The result showed that intermittent hypoxia and exercise training significantly increased relative protein density of PGC-1α, VEGFA compared to the control group (P= 0.001). Also, PGC-1α index was significantly different between the exercise and hypoxia groups (P= 0.017). However, VEGFA index was not significantly different between the exercise and hypoxia groups (P= 0.496). Also, the relative protein density of ERRα was significantly different between the control and hypoxia groups (P= 0.40), but there was no significant difference between the control group with exercise (P= 0.552) and exercise with hypoxia (P= 0.465). Aerobic exercise training and hypoxia are an effective stimulants for activating the signaling pathways of angiogenesis. The role of hypoxia in activating the pathway of angiogenesis was prominent in comparison with exercise training by PGC-1α.

Leukemia is a type of malignancy of the hematopoietic tissue that accompanies the incomplete development and proliferation of white blood cells. In acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL), many lymphocytes that have not yet completely evolved, are impaired and increasingly found in peripheral blood and bone marrow. MDM2 is a proto-oncogene with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity that acts as a potent negative regulator for P53. Polymorphism in the position 309 of promoters of the MDM2 gene is the most widely known polymorphism of this gene, where the replacement of the T nucleotide by G at this site leads to increased expression of the MDM2 gene. Increasing the level of protein MDM2 reduces the activity of P53 proteins, which can result in cancer. The objective of the present study is to determine the relationship between the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphism at 309 in MDM2 promoter and ALL cancer in ALL patients in Khuzestan province. In this study, polymorphism of 309 MDM2 genes was evaluated using PCR-RFLP and sequencing in 115 blood samples from all patients and 115 healthy blood samples in Khuzestan province. The results indicate that there was statistically significant association between 309 MDM2 polymorphisms and all patients. The frequency of TT, TG, and GG genotypes was 10%, 42% and 48% in all groups and 63%, 22% and 15% in the control group, respectively. With regard to the p-value presented for all three genotypes (p=0.001), there was a significant relationship between the genotypic distribution of this polymorphism with all disease. The present study demonstrates that MDM2 promoter polymorphism at 309 position has a significant relationship with acute myeloid leukemia in Khuzestan province.

Different studies had done about disorder in carbohydrate tolerance during pregnancy time and at present study more factors and divorces were considered. This sectional study was accomplished in 14 mounths time output on 301 pregnant women in Nikkhah clinic and all the women were accomplished OGCT experiment. The most aged group had more percent in affection to GDM. In studied parameters, the index of body node and diabetes family recording had relationship with GDM and daily physical activity, kind of last confinement, age of mother, Schooling, the number of family persons, process of nutrition, feticide in last pregnancies, regulation of last periods, age of pregnancy, pregnancy tonging and birth of low-weight newborn had meaningful relationship. About relationship between GDM record and before pregnancies, there were one case that could not reach to distinctive outcomes about risk estimation. prevalence scale of pregnancy diabetes in 301 referenced pregnant woman in Urmia Nikkhah clinic were high in low economic families and social conditions and new parameters should studied and experimented more in other considerations.