مجله سازمان نظام پزشکی جمهوری اسلامی ایران
سال سی و پنجم شماره 3 (پیاپی 139، پاییز 1396)

Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death among men worldwide. Several recent studies have shown that the incidence of prostate cancer has increased and will increase in the coming decades. Recently, there has been a surge in understanding the role of inflammation in prostate cancer. Recurrent and chronic inflammation is now proven as an important risk factor for the development of many human cancers including esophageal, stomach, liver, colon and bladder cancers. Several factors are associated with tumor formation in prostate. There are both experimental and clinical evidences suggesting an association between inflammation and prostate cancer. This article tries to address the potential role of inflammation and infection in the development of prostate cancer.

Investigation of scientific production is a suitable method for making policies and taking decision in the field of scientific growth. It will provide knowledge on the past situation and also can be effective in aiming scientific movement, determining research priorities and identifying present weaknesses. This study aimed to evaluate the quality and quantity of scientific production among Iranian researchers in the field of cancer.
This was a survey-descriptive study (sectional) and Scientometrics approach was used. The statistical population include 9289 articles and documents in the field of cancer which were published in Scopus’ scientific journals during 2006-15. To analyze the data and draw graphs, SPSS, NodeXL and VOS viewer were used.
Findings show that Iranian scientific production increased during the period of the study and the rate of growing was 25% every year. Also the ratio of international scientific collaboration in the field of cancer was 19.3%. Top medical universities were considered as the most important producer center and developed and industrials countries were regarded as the most important co-worker in publishing scientific outputs. Also measure of scientific production in some categories such as bone, uterus and child cancer were not at a good level.
Although Iranian scientific production in the recent years has shown a great growth, articles are not published in very valid and high quality journals. Support of Ministry of Health and Medical Education and their affiliated medical universities to researches, will increase the rate of Iranian scientific researchers’ interaction and collaboration with their co-worker in other countries. Also financially supporting the related researches, providing laboratory facilities and training courses related to scientific writing methods could be useful and effective in improving the quality and quantity of scientific production.

Healthcare organizations today are facing important opportunities and challenges due to the increasing of awareness and people’s expectations about the quality of health services and creating competition in service delivery. Hence, most health care managers and policy makers in the field of health consider standardization and evaluation of health service providers as an inevitable issue to improve the quality. In this regard, there are different assessment models, of which accreditation model is frequently selected by healthcare leaders as a method to improve quality and is an integral part of healthcare systems in many countries. Since the year 2012, this standard was formulated and communicated to hospitals in Iran for implementation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between service quality dimensions and accreditation results.
The study population included all patients admitted to Razavi Khorasan hospitals grades A, B and C classifications. From the 46 hospitals in Khorasan Razavi, 13 hospitals have received grade , 19 hospitals received grade A and 14 hospitals received grade B or C of the accreditation standards. By Using Cochran’s formula, 384 patients were chosen as sample. In this study the Parasuraman standard questionnaire was used to collect the quality of service data that obtained the reliability of 0.85 and validating the results of secondary data (obtained from hospitals in the evaluation conducted by the Ministry of Health). SPSS software was used to conduct multiple regression analysis
The results of the analysis showed confidence, reliability, responsiveness, and empathy tangible, respectively with coefficients of 0.63, 0.47, 0.42, 0.36 and 0.29 along with a significant positive correlation with the results of accreditation.
The results suggest that in order to improve accreditation rating, the hospitals must pay attention to the reliability, reliability, responsiveness, and empathy tangible components.

Although infertility is categorized as a physiological disorder at the first level, its experience has a huge psychological and social aspect. The present study aims at determining the effectiveness of Schema therapy on reducing anxiety and depression in infertile women of arak city.
The study was experimental with pre and post- test control group. The study population included all infertile women, who referred to Infertility specialist in Arak city in 2016. A total of 30 cases were selected for sampling and were then randomly assigned into two experiment and control groups (n = 15 for each group). The experimental group received 35 sessions on Schema therapy. To gather data, Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory was used. Data were analyzed with covariance.
The difference between mean anxiety and depression was significant after controlling of the pretest variables in the two groups. The mean anxiety and depression score of the experimental group significantly decreased compared to the control group in the post-test (P=0. 001).
Hence, programming for cognitive and emotional interventions is assumed necessary in clinical interventions for infertility and due to the effect of Schema therapy in reducing depression and anxiety in infertile women, we can benefit from this method as a complementary therapy besides medical treatments with good application.

Shivering is defined as unintentional and involuntary movement of body due to cold weather or hypothermia. Thermoregulation is an important characteristic of mammals. When the mammalian body temperature starts to show fluctuations from the base level, the metabolic rate demonstrates variation which ultimately leads to its death. With the onset of hypothermia, the central nervous system triggers the shivering reflex with the aim of increasing the core body temperature. Hypothermia is a common situation encountered in cold operation theaters/rooms; it is also seen with the usage of anesthetic medication. This situation could lead to shivering, delay in the onset of action of anesthetic medication, coagulopathy, and decreased resistance to surgical infections.
This double blind clinical trial was conducted on 120 patients that had undergone surgery for inguinal hernia and fulfilled the study criteria. After obtaining the patients consent, they entered the study. They were randomly divided in to two groups; one group received Ondansetron (case group) 8 mg (4 ml), while the other group (control) received 4 ml of normal saline, both groups pre-operatively. For hydration all patients received 500 ml of crystalloid solution. Vital signs were recorded and spinal anesthesia was given with Bupivacaine (12.5 mg).
Our study showed that there was no significant statistical difference in the occurrence of shivering between the case and control groups before, during and after the operation. However during the post operation recovery period patients in the case group complained of more shivering as compared to controls. Also results demonstrated significant difference in the mean shivering score in both groups at different times, with maximum shivering observed in the recovery period. In the present study, mean systolic, diastolic and arterial pressures showed decrease in both the groups which were insignificant.
Based on the results of this study, administration of Ondansetron in inguinal hernia surgery reduces heart rate but does not have considerable effect on the occurrence of post-operative shivering.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma concentration of vitamin C and nuclear cataracts in elderly Iranians.
The Lens Opacities Classification System (LOCS) III was utilized to grade nuclear lens opacities. In order to evaluate plasma concentrations of vitamin C, fasting blood samples were taken from 410 cases and 410 control participants. The study population comprised 393 men and 427 women between the ages of 40 and 91 years. Subjects were classified in four categories according to their age: group I (40–50 years), group II (51–60 years), group III (61–70 years) and group IV (over 70 years). An enzyme-based assay in serum stabilized with metaphosphoric acid was used to measure serum vitamin C concentration.
Resutls: No significant association was observed between serum concentrations of vitamin C and nuclear cataract neither between cases and controls nor between different age categories within the case group.
Lack of association between nuclear cataract and vitamin C status may result from the fact that blood levels of this vitamin at one point in time do not adequately reflect the past activity of ascorbic acid in the lens.

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a periodical experience of specific physical and psychological symptoms during the luteal phase of the menstruation cycle and will disappear within a few days of the onset of menstruation. These symptoms are severe and very disabling in some women and interfere with their career, social function and family relations. In this study we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of PMS and some of its related factors.
This descriptive-analytic study was performed on a group of female students from Razi University. Samples were selected using the probability cluster sampling method. PMS and demographic questionnaire were used. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests and descriptive method by SPSS 19 software.
Seventy percent of samples suffered from PMS; 16% suffered from severe type, 46% average type and 36% mild type (p>0.05). PMS did not have any significant relation with menstrual cycle, menstruation days, menarche, marital status, economic status, and parents’ education status; however it had significant relation with BMI and history of PMS in the family. The more prevalent symptoms were respectively physical symptoms, depression and anxiety.
PMS affects more than 70% of reproductive aged women and probably this disorder is more prevalent in women with high BMI and history of PMS in family.