ماهنامه معرفت
سال بیستم شماره 4 (پیاپی 163، تیر 1390)

The present paper expounds Imam Saddjad's (A.S) Munajat al-Raqhebin (whispered Supplication of the Beseechers). A sinful servant always fears divine chastisement and hopes for divine mercy. On the one hand, he feels heavy-hearted because of his sin and shameful before his Lord; and, on the other, he feels light-hearted because of the hope for God's forgiveness, repentance and mercy.In the next part of the paper, Professor Mohammad Taqhi Misbah elaborates on the believer's curving for divine mercy and kindness and on the wishes of those who have entered the divine court. Furthermore, there are some whispered supplications related by Imam Saddjad (A.S) in which Imam points out to the ecstasy one feels when one gets to the divine feast and lights, a state in which one is involved in talking to God in whisper using sublime language.

One of the important subjects of speculation in psychology of religion is the role of religion and religiosity in man's life. The role and influence which hajj (pilgrimage), which represents one of examples and symbols of Islam, has on man's psychological aspects (i.e. cognitive, emotional, and behavioral) is one of the issues worthy of research. The exposition of the effects and benefits of abiding by religious doctrines, including pilgrimage rites, makes the idea of defending religion and religiosity more appealing and acceptable. Attempting to study the role of one of the religious doctrines -- i.e. pilgrimage -- in the improvement of behavior and the reduction of abnormalities, the present paper analyzes pilgrimage rites and their effects on the pilgrim's behavioral aspect. The research uses descriptive-analytic method and the research is based on Islamic resources and psychological findings. Pilgrimage rites prepare good grounds for pilgrims to developa feeling of love and affection for others. Intimacy and sympathy characterize this spiritual and devotional journey in which pilgrims give up many abnormal and undesirable behaviors, keep their self-control and try to strengthen their self-control by abiding by the pilgrimage patterns.

Mind (intellect)and intelligence are considered amongman's highest intellectual-cognitive talents which distinguish him from other creatures. The direction of other human skillsare influenced andactualized by these two talents. The two terms have been deeply and extensively investigated and studied in religious and psychological texts.The present paper tries to compare religious mind and cognitive intelligence. First, mind is studied from an Islamic view and cognitive intelligence is studied from a psychological view and a qualitative-descriptive method is used in this study. Then these two expressions – religious mind and cognitive intelligence -- are analyzed and compared and a deductive method is used in this discussion. The research findings show that religious mind is something from cognitive intelligence.

The present research aims at recognizing and extracting from Qur’anic verses and traditions the religious beliefs which play a major role in strengthening and reinforcing the family and its efficiency. The research uses an analytical- descriptive method. This research points to the most important beliefs and insights which affect the relations and behavior of family members which make for having an efficient family. The lack of such beliefs and insights results in family inefficiency and formation of improper relations.The research findings show that, according to religious resources, the belief in God, prophecy, imamate and resurrection are the most important religious factors which contribute to havingan efficient family. According to these findings, religious beliefs and insights affect the family efficiency on three levels i.e. purposefulness of life, performance of duties and obligations by family members, and confronting domestic problems.

One of the most important issues in Islamic educational system isthe development of well-balanced personality and spiritual health of spouses. The present paper which aims at extracting the religious doctrines which contribute to promoting the spiritual health of spouse's marital life.Usinga descriptive-analytical method, this paper aims at extracting the religious doctrines which contribute to prompting the spiritual health of spouse's marital life. Accordingly, some of the Qur’anic verses and traditions which prohibit certain relations and manners and recommend the manners that help promote and deepen spouse's spiritual health, have been investigated, their contents analyzed, and the religious doctrines classified. The research findings show that, according to religious doctrines, refraining from unconscious actions, wrong attitudes, weak emotional relations, undesirable behavior and the like help to promote spouse's spiritual health. Furthermore, spouse's acquaintance with the aims of marital life,natural and innate inclinations of spouses rights of each of them towards the other, positive and optimistic attitudes towards one another, acquisition of skills of marital relations, seeking to carry out religious duties and cooperating to draw nigh to God prepare the grounds for the spouse's spiritual health.

The present research aims at investigating the free relations between man and woman in the view of religious doctrines and psychology. Using descriptive- analytical methods the author first investigates the grounds of tendency for establishing relations between the two opposite sexes according to a physiological and mental approach and religious doctrines. After explaining the views of the proponents of free relations and stating the criticism raised about it by psychology and religion, Islamic view is displayed in the light of religious doctrines. Second, according to the findings of the research and psychological analyses and the view of religious doctrines, the negative side effects of the prevalence of free relations among individuals, members of family, and society are examined and specified. It is noticed that preserving the limits and boundaries can contribute to personal and social health and thus ensuring a successful and happy marriage. It is recommended at the end of research that limits and boundaries be preserved and sexual and emotional needs be met inside the family, and easy (permanent) marriage and temporary marriage be encouraged in society.

One of the issues whichis worth investigating is the exposition of the factors which contribute to the success and prominence of individual's life. The present research aims at pointing out the factors of success in life according to religious doctrines through a psychological approach, and analytical- descriptive method is used in this research. One of the basic questions which one may ask is what success is and how it can be achieved. This question is commonly raised and has been the special concern of wise people.Many books and articles have been written about"success"which propose several ways to achieve it, some of which contradict our basic religious principles. Referring to the religious doctrines and making use of psychological approach, the present paper tries to explicate the factors of success and the meaning of success according to religious doctrines.

The present research aims at investigating the relationship between religiosity, self-knowledge and identity formation. The research method is library-based study. According to the findings of the research, identity is a complex mental – social structure which has long been the special concern of sociologists and psychologists. In identity formation an adolescent must find a proper definition of "self" which is unique and distinct from that of the others and can provide him with personal and social compatibility. Defining an identity which does not correspond with one's abilities, expectations and anticipations will create crisis and cause an individual to face some problems in social life. Religion has a basic role in identity formation. As a sound basis for identity formation, religious trends can show adolescents the way of perfection.

Counseling, which is a kind of professional relationship between the counselor and the subject, is considered as a new phenomenon and one of the products of modern psychology. In its broad sense, counseling is "offering advice and help to individuals and also asking expert's advice, a technique which is strongly emphasized and recommended in Islam. In fact, the principles of counseling are guidelines for the counselor to follow in counseling. Therefore, counselors should be acquainted with these principles so that they may know how to offer counseling. The present paper offers some of the basic principles and techniques of counseling adopted by Islam. The research uses a descriptive-analytical method. On inquiry, 25 important principles have been identified and they may be referred to counselors and those interested in counseling.

The present research aims at investigating the influence of games on the learner's standards in mathematics in primary school. The research method is semi-experimental in which pre-test, post-test, and experimental and control groups are applied. The statistical sample includes 55 students in grade two, the year of 88-89 'AH' from among the students of Kousar primary school for girls in Qom. They were selected on the basis of cluster sampling, and were randomly classified into an"experimental group" of 25 girls and a"control group" of 30 girls. Mathematical items such as "odd and even numbers, multiplication and coordinate axis" were taught to experimental group through games and to control group according to the ordinary method. T-test was used to analyze the results.The statistical results show that the game-based method is more influential in learning mathematical problems. Key words:.