ماهنامه معرفت
سال بیست و ششم شماره 9 (پیاپی 240، آذر 1396)

Previously, we studied about the primary signs of true Shias that included: Capability and strength in religion, foresight and leniency with people. Now we discuss about another sign. According to Amir al-Muminin Ali (as) another sign of Shias is: "Being certain in belief" which means: Their faith and belief are either in the stage of certainty, and pure from all sorts of doubt and uncertainty. Faith has some stages, which its primary stage has existed in all Shias and followers of the Ahl al-Bayt (as). But by its increasing, the numbers of Shias would decrease in those degrees. Certainty is one of the highest levels of faith which is dedicated to privileged believers and true Shias. The following is a discussion about the truth of faith, truth of certainty, signs of certainty, factors of the emergence of certainty, reducers of certainty and relationship between faith and certainty which will be discussed briefly.

Historic movement of Imam Khomeini (rh) has created a dramatic and profound change in the present world to the extent that has attracted the attention of people of the world. To obtain a deep understanding about this movement, it is necessary to analyze the philosophy behind that. On the other hand, taking benefit from its capabilities is based on our attention to its stage in the current century. The main question here is that, what are the capacities of this philosophy? We would like to investigate this issue by citation and explanatory method. Although many books and articles have been written about the political thought of Imam Khomeini (rh), his political philosophy as well as its capacities has been neglected. This paper has shown the theoretical and practical capacities of this political philosophy.

Jihadi Culture is a leading and non-stationary culture in Islamic society so that it is able to eliminate the existing obstacles in the Islamic society as well as the Islamic revolution. Therefore, we should analyze its desirable indicators to enable us to accomplish and fulfill it in real scopes.
The most important indicators of Jihadi Culture are insight, timely action, sincerity, endurance, duty-based and obedience to leadership. Emphasizing the Supreme Leader's remarks, this article will study the mentioned indices by an analytical descriptive method. The purpose of this study is to extract the indicators of "Jihadi Culture" from the supreme leader's remarks in order that to be a model for social behavior in the Islamic system, especially in the political sector. For example, if pattern of Jihadi Culture impacts on our political culture, the indicators of political culture and public participation will increase dramatically. As a result, the mentioned indicators; which are the most important indicators of Jihadi Culture from the viewpoint of the Supreme Leader, can help the Islamic system and society to reach the desired level.

The guardianship "Walayayat Amr" is one of the most important and widely used term in jurisprudence and its sources, which has various applications. In the time of occultation the exemplification of the guardianship is a just jurist. This article intends to study about the usages of this term in jurisprudence through citation, descriptive, correlation and causal approach. Its applications can be divided into two items: First applications of guardianship in non-political jurisprudence, which can be followed by some issues such as guardianship upon affairs of a dead person, guardianship upon affairs of a couple, guardianship of father and forefather upon affairs of a child and guardianship in administration. The second application is guardianship in the political jurisprudence which also can be followed by some issues such as: The matters which are duty of a guardian, the matters which some parts of that are duty of a guardian, the matters which are based on aegis and support of a guardian and the matters that have no special trustee and are naturally handled by a guardian. Therefore, it can be said, all chapters, issues and rules of jurisprudence have a tight relationship with guardianship which some of them would not be realized in the lack of guardianship.

Catholic and Shi’a believe in infallibility of religious ruler from error. Therefore, they have drawn a method for this. Catholic Church, based on the Vatican I's decree, has approved the infallibility of the Pope. On the other hand, in Shia thought, the religious ruler does not have the characteristic of "infallibility or impeccability" but the possibility of error would remove by the precise and strict monitoring. The purpose of this study is to compare between the chosen methods of Catholics and Shi’as for removing an error in the religious ruler. Therefore, first, we will study about the Catholic and Shia methods, then we will analyze them. Explaining the status of religious ruler in Shia and Catholic thought is the most important achievement of this research. The characteristics of religious ruler in Shia minus infallibility are drawn in such a way that there is no possibility of error. While due to belief in infallibility of the pope in Catholic Church, there is not any possibility for his error.

The Islamic Revolution of Iran is the most important contemporary Islamic movement and a manifestation of Islamism in the present era. This movement has been evaluated by different streams and individuals from variety of perspectives. The most important and widespread discussions in this area has been done by Orientalists and Western writers, who recently have been focused on the role of scholars and clerics in forming the revolution. This research aims to elucidate the Orientalist view about the streams of clerics and their role in the victory of the Islamic Revolution. This descriptive-analytic study seeks to show that the major analysis of Orientalists have either influenced by lords of the church and presumptions and secular views. Therefore, this analysis is not compatible with Islamic principles. Secondly, historic evidences indicate that actions of scholars and authorities towards the Pahlavi regime were contrary to Orientalist viewpoint.

"Globalization" is an undeniable phenomenon in today's world and is associated with ever-increasing human progress, especially in the fields of science, technology, communications, information, transport, and the like. "Globalization" has been facing significant challenges in recent decades, in spite of its undeniable impact on all aspects of human life. Among the challenges before the globalization, which itself includes internal and external challenges, the phenomenon of "Islamic awakening" is of particular importance. This study intends to investigate globalization through a descriptive-analytical method. Therefore, we will divide it into factors, content, goals, methods and means, to enable us to answer this question that, what challenges will make the "Islamic awakening" phenomenon for the globalization?