نشریه مدیریت شهری
پیاپی 51 (تابستان 1397)

Considering the growth of the tourism industry in the world and its post-oil revenues and its impact on economic development, it seems that one of the ways of developing economics, studying and investing in this sector. The province of Hamedan has a history and a good geographical position and abilities in tourism, which, unfortunately, has a very small percentage of this ability today. The purpose of this research is to explore potentials and suggest ways to exploit these abilities. The present research is descriptive-analytic and applied. The data collected is based on library and field studies. The result of this analysis is the potential and potential capabilities of Hamedan province in many areas of tourism, and it seems to be with short-term and long-term programs In this regard, tourism in Hamedan has the potential to be promoted as one of the country's tourism sites, which is important only with the proper cultural foundation, strengthening of urban infrastructure, modeling of successful tourism projects in the world

The process of manufacturing production is not too hard to understand, and is not so easy that everyone know how it begins and where it should be finished. But the obvious matter is the production which is obtained and its name in architecture is objectification to subjective ideas and manufacturing the tangible elements. In fact, the history of transforming idea to production is related to the caveman and it has thousands years antiquity. By appearance of computer, the human can make it help them. Nowadays, especially in recent decades, the computer-aided experience makes their eyes open in new areas. Although some of the computing approaches are not positive and good for them, but we focus on the positive parts of this fact. Now we must answer to some questions: would computer sit on the architectural position? And doesn't design process need to architect as a producer? Also there is some another question that where is the front ring between the traditional and modern architecture? And does computer-aided approach play the same role as a linker factor? Finally, it is necessary to say that the nature of this research is explanatory; also, considering the holistic subject, the main approach is operative.

We spend more than ninety percent of our lives in enclosed spaces. Spaces where people spend most of their time definitely play a significant role in their behavioral and physical well-being. Number of studies in the field of psychology has proven that acquired behaviors are directly influenced by the design of spaces. On the other hand, through the development of buildings quality, along with the advancements in technology, industry, and attention to the global environmental conditions, many buildings have addressed environmental approaches. By related advertisement, media communication and the consideration of the potentials of buildings with a sustainable and green approach, these buildings have often fallen positive into the minds of the audience, but, as a group of researchers believes, mismatches of residents' satisfaction within the environment of these spaces is established. The quality level that inhabitant experiences is shaped by factors such as welcoming entrances, children's play spaces, lobby, indoor and outdoor gathering spaces and community hall, which in general shape social well-being and comfort among inhabitants towards social interactions. This study aims to cover the research objectives by assessing the quality of the inhabitants experience compared to the common spaces of residential buildings with an environmental approach in Tehran. The research has been conducted in four residential buildings with environmental approach in Tehran. In this regard, 204 questionnaires are distributed in these four residential buildings. The analysis process has been implemented by the K-S and AVALUE programs in the SPSS2 tool. The researcher is trying to focus on the role of public spaces and common areas in Tehran's residential buildings and the impact of social interactions of residents on the quality level of residents' experience in terms of the component of social sustainability. This quantitative research can draw the attention of researchers and architects to the importance of public spaces in current and future residential buildings.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship of tradition and modernity in the formation of qajar s architectural architecture in 1298 - 1344. the necessity of study also lies in the fact that in qajar period, the values and traditions dominating the society have faded to some extent, and the lack of proper understanding of the qajar state from these new historical conditions has led to a change in the society, and the most important of which has been the interaction of tradition and modernity in the society in particular in sociological dimensions. As far as this time, in connection with the principles of traditional architecture and within the structures of a traditional city, the architecture gradually lost its old forms and assumed a western appearance. in this paper , a descriptive - analytical method with data collection tools includes documentary studies and library sources and documents and documents available to the interaction of tradition, modernism in the context of architectural identity of this era. at the end, these developments in the architectural field have been studied and discoveries especially in sociological dimensions are considered in this regard.

The present paper aims to consider the latest research achievements surrounding urban views and their role, seeking to understand a comprehensive model of human and perceptual dimensions, in order to fit the structure of the urban wall. Considering the reciprocal relationship between the environment and the human, the question of what components can affect the formation of identity in an individual and society. According to the teachings and human life categories, his needs are grouped in two physical and spiritual arenas, and the urban features can be achieved when people and society are formed into identity dimensions and the different needs of the individual. Architectural spaces provides the physical and psychological needs of man in a relative manner, but can only provide a platform to provide his spiritual and spiritual needs, as the evolution of human evolution is a conscious one. Space builders can help with knowledge of the effective elements on the individual's perception of the environment with a rich environmental design and emphasis on perceptual elements as part of the environment. the environment in which physical, perceptual, semantic, and functional systems function properly can be used by appropriate individual and collective valuating to train individual perceptions in the environment and stimulate cultural wealth. This happens when the dominant eye on environmental design fits into society's values and identity, and by respecting individual and collective identity, it can achieve this person and the environment.

From the peripheral vision, the central court has performed well as an efficient and efficient means to protect residents from adverse weather and environmental conditions and to benefit from non - active energies in the regions (hot and dry) and (warm and humid). The discovery of the hidden angles of the environmental and climatic function of the central courtyard in the traditional urban settlements of the country is an unknown issue that this study seeks to answer. For this purpose, traditional house houses of Tabriz have been selected as a study sample. This study aims to study the physical structure, patterns and variations of the central courtyard in traditional housing units of Tabriz based on effective elements on thermal treatment of حیاط ها to their typology. In order to perform the research of 120 examples of traditional houses of Tabriz in the historical range of the city, the identification and number of 64 houses that had full information and documents were selected for typology. The results of typology the factor towards other factors in determining the governing angles on the direction of the houses. It is in the sense that courtyards are closer to a square shape. Courtyards of area (100 - 300 m) have the highest frequency among the studied samples. The depletion of the area and the increase of the compound confinement face difficulty in the cold season due to deep shadows on adjacent surfaces of the courtyard, non - active heating of the adjacent spaces adjacent to the compound. The maximum frequency ratio is to a group of yards, the length of which is 2. 5 times the height of them and the courts with a width of 2 equal to the height of the bodies are the highest. The rise of the sidewalls, especially in the south, will lead to vast shadows in the adjacent surfaces of the courtyard and thus reduce the quality of thermal comfort in the cold seasons of these regions.

Poverty is a social, economic, political, cultural and political phenomenon that has long been the greatest of human problems, and human society, in spite of the tremendous changes that has taken place in various fields of science, is now struggling with. The present research is applied in a descriptive and analytical manner and is based on the studies conducted in this field and the analysis of the content of theoretical foundations and the extraction of indicators of poverty reduction on the one hand, and on the other hand, relying on the opinions of the relevant experts Using the Delphi model and the use of deep interviewing tools, the questionnaire, as well as the use of SPSS software in the statistical analyzes and ARC-GIS, GEODA TM and spatial statistics analysis were selected. The analysis shows that 8 villages in the high poverty range, 21 villages in a wide range, 8 in the medium range, 5 in low and 5 in the low range. The results also show that 3 cold clusters (LLL) and 5 hot clusters (HH) were identified in the region, which is the largest hot spot in the southeast of the city near Semnan and is located in villages In this spot, there is a high rural poverty and are adjacent to each other and is the largest cold spot in the northwest of the city and near the city of Tehran and Ray.

Public places allow people to communicate as they like, because it is possible for everyone to be involved, including families, social and cultural groups, friends, neighbors, colleagues, etc. the more convenient and better the relationships of the groups and the different strata, the social relations are more difficult. However, in this study, different groups are reluctant to communicate with each other, and the separation between them is obvious and tangible. This study investigates the different public places in urban areas over a year, a case study of the city of Ayeslbury in the south - east of England with an estimated population of 69000. The purpose of this research is to find out how different people use public spaces and how interactions vary according to age and gender and location. The findings with respect to the policy of public spaces of regions are considered. The method of research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative research, which includes interviews of horsemen, managers and urban planners, business owners and shops, and passersby in these places. The study was carried out by 46 (16 - 73 years) over 12 months (from October 2004 to September 2005). Observations in general were made in 3 places, residential areas, green spaces, city centers, from 7 am to 1 in the night. In this study, we evaluate the accuracy of the social and demographic characteristics that observers have identified. Rather, the interpretation of observers is one of the ways determined by the groups assigned to it. As a result, the language and label that are used for each group will be used in this document. The study also analyses whether the interactions are different from the age or with the location. Or does the presence of people or special groups influence the use of public space.

During the last four decades, the maximum buildings, especially tall buildings in cities have designed urban architectural buildings using structural metal systems. While metal structures include many weaknesses in relation to the climate and components of bioclimatic design, weakness and difficulty of implementation and structural components in developmental dimensions and fluidity and flotation and components of avoiding form rigidity and volumetric dynamic from architectural aspect. On the other hand, shell structures could promote the mentioned disadvantages to a large extent and provide more balanced design. In this paper, types of shell structures and their structural characteristics and analysis are mentioned and the examples used are mentioned in the architecture of tall buildings and other architectural spaces.

Today the emergence of problems and environmental crises is a threat to the different aspects of social, cultural, economic and even physical aspects of human societies. the attention of many researchers has attracted as far as the design of environmental security and a systematic approach and system such as ecological approach to supply it especially in the city. because of the reciprocal relationship between city environment and city economy and the domination of capitalism and its destructive effects on natural resources, in addition to the plan of urban security and economic swing in the city to reduce the damages caused by environmental threats, it tries to explain the position of modern theory of Moghavemati economics to improve the urban ecological security. Because of Islamic origin, resistive economy theory, nature and environment are important in the theory of Moghavemati economics. In this paper, descriptive analytical method has been proposed to examine the principles set forth in proof of a Moghavemati economy by The Leadership which has a direct and indirect effect on environmental issues and the issue of ecological security. based on the results, the Moghavemati economics approach towards achieving ecological security in the city is located in two spheres of economic planning and cultural planning and the Moghavemati economy with strong wings , namely economic jihad, economic justice and strengthening of production, aims at providing , improving and promoting ecological security in the city.

Tourism is the largest and most diverse industry in the world Many countries regard this industry as the main source of income, employment, private sector growth and infrastructure development; Due to the climatic and ethnic conditions, the history of ancient civilization and ancient works and its special status in the attractions of ecotourism, If it solves its problems and provides appropriate services, it can reach the right point. Due to geographical conditions, the city of Ramsar has a great potential in attracting domestic and foreign tourists. The expansion of tourism flows in this region has led to adverse environmental, economic and social impacts due to inappropriate planning and the weakness of infrastructure and tourism management. This research seeks to understand the role of management factors in the sustainable development of tourism in Ramsar. The research method is descriptive-applied research and has been used to collect information through documentary and library methods. The statistical population of this research includes high school administrators of municipal organizations and all citizens of Ramsar Due to the wide extent of the statistical society and the impossibility of conducting research on the whole society, a multistage cluster sampling method has been used. And the data was analyzed using the Delphi method and the Topsis Technique As a result, the ranking of the criteria has been addressed The impact of urban management on interacting with the use of natural and man-made jokes has been able to rank at the top of the criteria by gaining a score of 0.654286.

Citizen participation in urban management is the newest approach that is trying to make synergy among the ideas and capabilities of citizens in order to bring into force moving from management to governance. The ultimate goal of this approach is to reach decentralization, transparency, creation of unity and justice in the field of urban management. This research believing the need to move towards utilizing the views of citizens in the management of cities, aims at detailed study of the concepts and practices of citizen participation, and having a model of citizen participation level in this process. The Parand new town new was selected as the case study .This research is Descriptive and analytical and the method of study has been quantitative and qualitative using questionnaires, interviews, and combining the results with official statistics. In order to identify the effective indicators and measure them different scientific instruments were used. Data analysis in two stages: Describing the data using frequency distribution tables and central measures and dispersion. Testing the hypothesis and investigating the relationships between variables using the statistical methods of Pearson correlation, variance analysis and multiple regressions were performed. The results show that among all independent variables related to personal, economic, social characteristics of the citizens and informing them of the process or citizen participation, there is a significant correlation. The Variable of the type of home ownership has the biggest correlation or the level of participation and it seems that is the stronger people’s economic base is, the higher their participation is, and vice versa. Finally, Since there is a direct correlation between the independent variables and the dependent variable of citizen participation, improving the status of each of mentioned factors can contribute to a significant increase in the participation of citizens in the management of Parand new town That should be on the agenda with regard to prioritization based on the correlation between the independent variables and level of participation. Among the independent variables of the first hypothesis, type of home ownership with a correlation coefficient of 0.56 has the highest correlation with the level of participation, so taking measures as regards affordable and cheap housing in order to overcome the problem of ownership of housing can play an important part in increasing the participation of citizens;. Increasing the level of Information delivery by Development Company of the new town of Parand can play an important role in increasing citizens' participation. This can be achieved through strengthening citizens' participation in the management of the new town of Parand and boosting the culture of participation, holding public meetings, conducting polls in various fields and inform them about the plans and programs of development.

Today, our analysis of natural disasters has become an important and broad range that is currently being discussed at the simultaneous and interdependence of sustainable development and disaster management. Accordingly, the analysis and development of human and environmental systems against natural disasters in the way of achieving sustainable development is of particular importance. This non - experimental study has correlation based on the practical goal of earthquake vulnerability in the region of 15 Tehran against earthquakes using hierarchical analysis method. in this paper, four dimensions of social, economic, institutional and physical - physical aspects have been used in this paper based on theoretical and empirical bases of social against earthquake. The higher the level of social dimension among citizens, the higher the swing rate is added. There is a positive and significant relationship between vulnerability and its four dimensions. The relationship between the four dimensions of social, economic, institutional and physical - environment is quite meaningful. in general, due to the results of path analysis, the social dimension has the greatest impact among the dimensions in explanation.

This study aimed to analyze the factors affecting the survival of the membership of the Social Council of the city of Mashhad. In this study, using a comprehensive system, information is collected about the neighborhood community council members. On the other hand, using survival analysis to has been examine three issues, the survival, factors affecting the survival and the survival graph of Council members. Among the survival factors three areas is considered, individual factors, the council and the region. The findings show that 70 percent chance of survival in the Social Council communities. Indicators related to the performance of the council have the greatest impact on member’s survival. Leaving Probability of women and young people are more than others. The variables meetings Number, decisions and community members increase survival and variables that reduce its the number of missing, number of council members, credit rating, ranking social status, number of Council in Regional, local population and local problems are survival of its members. The end of article, regarding the research findings provide recommendations as appropriate approvals and meetings with potential members, organizational support and headquarters management by the council.

The Urban design is a course, profession and art that aims to upgrading environmental qualities. In this field, attention to vernacular contexts especially religious and cultural places and citizen’s cognitive image is very essential. Religious places as unifier complexes, has a basic role in urban life. Iranian cities has many religious spaces, as valuable contexts that are threatened by adverse urban construction. Now this question are introduced that though contemporary evolutions, what importance of religious places in urban life and citizen’s cognitive image? This research aims to studying the importance of religious places especially religious places in citizen’s cognitive image as identical themes in cultural, social and physical aspects of Iranian cities. The research methods that used in this paper is descriptive, analytical, and exploratory and case study research method with questionnaire usage, interview from people about their cognitive image techniques. In case study, via interview from 40people of Shahr_e_Ray citizens, the cognitive image of Ray citizen’s has questioned. This questionnaire showed the religious spaces are the basic, important, essential signs and places in urban life. Also religious places are maximum interests between other places. Shah-Abdol-Azim Shrine, Ebn-e-Babouye cemetery and Imamzadeh- Abdollah are the most interesting places. Against, other modern spaces such as parks, cinema, mall and highway have very low role in people’s cognitive images.

Environmental pollution today has become a permanent image of metropolitan faces. The new look at problem solving is to move the activities towards virtual spaces in order to reduce the environmental problems in the context of the urbanization of the two regions and in the context of information technology. What follows is part of the achievement of the doctoral dissertation titled " city of two spaces” policy in sustainable environmental, economic and social development of metropolises. Case Study; Tehran Metropolis, and intends to examine the impact of diphasing on the sustainability of Tehran's development. The research question is: How does this trend affect Tehran's sustainable environmental development? Documentary and field studies (questionnaires) with soft analyze (SPSS) indicate that the development of activities in cyberspace could reduce vehicle traffic, reduce air and noise pollution, and increase the open and green spaces of the city.

More than half of world's population lives in urban areas. Permanent increasing population has also affected peri-urban areas during this 100 years. Peri-urban areas are formed in an organic and without planning sense by new comers who belong to the lower middle class and low-income urban residents. Naysar was formerly a small settlement placed in the east of Sanandaj, but during two very recent decades it has experienced a tremendous increasing amount of settlers then merged into Sanandaj City immediately. The purpose of this study is to investigate the metamorphosis of peri-urban areas emphasizing on Naysar according to the view three different groups of community including: specialists, academics, and settlers of Naysar. The analysis has been done by considering social, economic, environmental, and institutional management approaches. The findings of the research show several factors influencing on spatial metamorphosis: urban poverty, neighboring and accessibility, The lack of supervision of urban management on land transactions and the change in the use of land located in the city on the increase in the population identified the effective study area. Economic problems lead the lower middle class community to settle in Naysar and land use of Naysar has been changed in parallel with changing characteristics of population. Through the findings, we can observe that Naysar has been gradually gaining economically, socially and physically gained urban characteristics.

Renovation of worn-out tissues has been activated in recent years, as if the municipality, without the participation of people, intends to renovate worn out tissues, also through the possession of people's places of business. And the only legal right of the people was to give their homes their homes at the expense of the day and forced displacement of their area, which they had for many years admired and searched for. Zone 12 is deteriorating due to the deterioration of tissues. If, in the next few years, the municipality does not use the residents' participation and based on the detailed plan of the region to organize the worn out textiles, many monuments and monuments as well as residential buildings will be destroyed. The purpose of this research is to investigate the participatory approach in organizing the worn out tissues of the 12th district of Tehran. The research is descriptive-analytical and data collection is done using library and field method. The statistical population of this research includes experts. The multi-stage random sampling method has been used and the information has been analyzed using Tapsis method. And the results show that the benign and old criteria of construction and the risk of earthquake damage (0.735193) have been able to rank first. In order to operationalize the participatory approach in organizing the worn out texture, the sustainable partnership process can be used as a comprehensive approach.

The speed and size of urban population growth and the increase in the number of cities in the in developing countries have been the result of many problems and problems. These problems are mainly due to the need to meet the widespread and increasing needs of urban management with the ability of urban management to respond and resolve them. Meanwhile, the role of urban management as the helm of the city is more than ever. The critical point is that the gaps due to the scrutiny of the role and status of urban management in the heart of the nation's sovereign complex as well as the lack of integration of urban management on numerous. Tehran metropolis as a leading role in urban urbanization, in the critical conflict of social, economic and political changes surrounding the values of democracy in modern and modern times, requires changes and transformations to a sovereign set. Hence, these changes are around the determinants of optimal position of management of Tehran metropolis in the country's administrative structure. in this thesis, using documentary and field research, the present study tries to provide a suitable model for such a role and position. the results of this study show that in drawing the optimal model of urban management of Tehran metropolis and its proper place in the political and administrative structure of the world, it is necessary to map a system look, top and bottom processes and urban management relations with citizens, central government, and local government and market as the main actor in urban management. If the local government icon is not realized because of the limitations of the political structure and the constitution, it is at least allowed to wear the local management mantle to be directed toward the integrated and unified management of the city.

Following the industrial, labor and socialist revolutions and, consequently, the entry into the modern era in recent centuries, there have been two streams leading to the industrialization and mass production. The first stream was associated with growing socialist viewpoints safeguarding the interests of workers, which sought to provide better living conditions for the working class through the construction of residential settlements with an industrial approach. The second stream was the consequence of contemporary capitalism, which was supposed to support international thoughts in order to protect and develop its own interests by achieving the global construction market. The Islam as a comprehensive religion presents principles and instructions which have a social status. It seems that industrialized construction as part of the industrialization process aims to establish ideals that can be shared with social goals of the Islam. In construction industry, the fundamental question of the research is that which industrialized building systems coincide with the Islamic goals. In this study, the research hypothesis suggests that there are criteria in the teachings related to Islamic housing, which can evaluate industrialized building systems. This study aims to classify industrialized building systems in accordance with Islamic criteria of housing. The study seeks to evaluate industrialized building systems by categorizing Islamic criteria of housing. Subsequently, the results of evaluation are examined in comparison with actual cases and the correlation between the results is confirmed. In this study, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is employed for the accuracy of results. This study is an applied research. The information is collected through library research and Internet websites. Semi-structured interviews with experts are also used to satisfy the selected Islamic and industrial criteria. According to the results of this research, there are criteria in Islamic architecture and housing that can be realized more by some industrialized building systems. Hence fully prefabricated building system and fully automated prefabricated building system gain the highest score in meeting the selected Islamic criteria. The results of this study will be utilized to enrich the industrialized architecture and Islamic housing literature and can serve as a source of thoughts to help the process of decision making by managers and builders.

The aim of this research was to present a model in order to evaluate the effectiveness of urban advertising with financial - economic approach and identify dimensions and relations between them. The research method was based on descriptive method of correlation type. The statistical population of this study consisted of 2017780 people in Isfahan with Cochran s formula, 393 sample sizes was calculated and selected through sampling method. The research tool consisted of five questionnaires whose validity was approved as content, formal, and factor. Data analysis in two descriptive levels (mean, frequency, graphs) and inference (structural equation model) using spss software spss there was lizard. the results of the research with structural equation modeling showed that the effectiveness of advertising including visual attractions, availability, content, content, content and promotional ability of advertising were affected by 39, 43, 36, 33, of 0, of 0, of 0, imagination, and 31.

The purpose of this study was to design a risk breakdown structure and prioritize its levels in Isfahan municipality. In this regard, the presentation of the objectives of the construction projects in project risk management has been considered. This research was conducted to determine the risk breakdown structure through comparative studies, semi-structured interviews, and a questionnaire. Finally, prioritizing the levels of risk breakdown structure, the objectives of the projects were accomplished through improved hierarchical fuzzy topology technique. Due to the fact that in classical Tapis, the mean value and standard deviation are not a complete measure for comparison of two fuzzy numbers, in order to eliminate this defect, the coefficient of variation has been used. This descriptive survey is of a survey type of a practical nature and periodic time. The data gathering tool included review of documentation, Delphi technique and researcher-made questionnaires by drawing an abstract ladder, its content and content validity was evaluated by Lavasheh method and its reliability was confirmed by the internal consistency determination method and in general 29 risk categories in The third level was identified and ranked in three levels and ranked in the second and third levels.

In conjunction with the reasons for the absence of an effective training system in teaching and creativity, particularly in architecture with benchmarking of nature, the first step ahead of practical action for training is to determine its goals and match the content of classroom practical programs and the process of training in courses and lessons in particular. in order to measure the efficiency of any educational content, it is possible to provide the results of training experience of these subjects during creative learning - learning experience. the present research method is a combination of the method of "descriptive - analytic" and "the practical - method" based on the methods of creative learning in the world in a statistical society of the islamic Azad University of damavand. in this paper, we study the concept of general education in particular, and then in an analytical approach, to the category of methods and models of training in architecture. in the end, some models and training patterns are presented in this regard.

In this research the effectiveness of mindfulness training on the dysfunctional attitude and emotional regulation on urban management students was examined .A total of 30 urban management students (8male and 22 females) were randomly selected and assigned into training and control groups. All participants filled the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale and Schulte Emotional Regulation Questionnaire before and after the beginning of training group .The training group received 8 weekly Two- hours’ sessions of mindfulness training. While the control group did not receive any training. The results of analysis of covariance showed a significant reduction in dysfunctional attitude and increase emotional regulation of the training group as compared to the control group (P<0.1).The qualitative observation showed that this method could also be effective in increasing the participants concentration.

The quality of quality has always been the main concern for urban design has been proposed to describe the qualities of urban design. Two of the main qualities that have always been subject to urban designers are safety and readability. The importance of safety and readability in the night of the city, which is one side of the dark time and the presence of humans in urban spaces and leisure time, is more colorful. in this regard, the present paper outlines the two components and has introduced the urban landscape and its constituent elements and components. Then, the city's nightlife is defined as two of the principal qualities of the city overnight, and the main objectives of each of these components are explained and the main objectives of each of these components are explained and the role of each of these components is explained in these components. Finally, as the main purpose of the research, the main objectives and the role of each component and the elements of the urban night landscape in the safety and elements of the night aspect is summed up.