نشریه مدیریت سلامت
پیاپی 38 (زمستان 1388)

Adams’ equity theory calls for a fair balance between an employee’s inputs and their outputs. This research aimed to assess the effect of manager's leadership styles on employee's equity feeling.

This casual-comparative study is carried out in the first half of 2006 at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. 179 employees filled anonymously the questionnaires of equity feeling and leadership style. Independent Averages T-Test, one-way analysis of variance and Pearson's productmoment correlation have been used for data analysis.

There was no significant relationship between employees’ equity feeling and leadership styles; but there was a significant relationship between employees’ equity feeling and the amount of information they had about colleagues, salaries, and benefits. There was no difference between employee's equity felling according to their sex, academic degrees and job-tenure.

Regardless of managers’ leadership style, in case staff are aware of one another income, they will be able to compare their inputs and outputs with each other. Therefore the equity feeling will increase based on which we can recommend managers to involve themselves in informing the staff of each others income in a right way. In addition, work place conditions, organizational respect, procedural justice and human dignity are such factors that affect staff equity felling.

Performance evaluation is a systematic analysis of individual activity corresponding to their aims and duties. This research aimed to determine attitude about annual performance evaluation between employees in the Faculties affiliated to Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences.

In this Descriptive and cross-sectional study, we analyzed 150 personnel view that had been evaluated at least one time in their service duration by direct manager. Questionnaire including 55 questions were completed and census methods were used, too. Answers to questions about view based on Likert Scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS 11 software using analytic-descriptive tests.

54.7 percents of participants were women and others were men. 20.7 percent were among 31- 40, 50 percent among 31-40, 26.7 percent among 41-50 years old and 2.7 percent were upper than 50 year. Mean and Standard Deviation of age were 37.7±7.2. 66.32 percent of people admit that implementation of evaluation is essential, 17.35 percent had negative attitude and 16.33 percent had neutral attitude. Whereas 39.75 percent of people had negative attitude, 34.41 percent had positive attitude and 25.84 percent had neutral attitude about the method of current implementation of performance Evaluation. Significant difference (PValue=0.001, CI=95%) was found between attitude of current implementation of evaluation and necessity of implementation of appraisal using χ2 test.

Performance evaluation is a way to individual development of personnel, so having a bad view about appraisal can negatively affect the organization's outcome, therefore a change recommended to the current evaluation method of personnel.

Personnel’s concept of hospital is formed organizational climate and the most common internal factor at hospital that affects organizational climate is personality characteristics of personnel. These characteristics effect on humanistic communications. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between hospital personnel’s personality characteristics and organizational climate.

This is a descriptive-correlation research. The statistical sample consisted of 120 personnel of Fateme-ye Zahra hospital in Najafabad were selected from all personnel through the convenience sampling in 2008. The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, covering personality aspects (introversion, extroversion, emotional stability and neuroticism) and organizational climate questionnaire in its six aspects (supportive, directive, restrictive, collegial, committed, and disengaged) were used for data gathering. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square test and t-test.

There is no relationship between the personality characteristics of personnel and open/closed organizational climates. Also, no relationship was found between personality aspects and organizational climate except of disengaged. We found a positive relation among four aspects of personality.

Extrovert personnel need to possess more committed of organizational climate. Thus, the hospital managers need more cognition about personality characteristics to select them in a better way.

In spite of world wide advertisements about the disadvantages of smoking, it has been accepted as a mandatory fact, and huge benefits and tremendous amount of tax is obtained trough producing cigarettes. Cigarette demand has a relatively stable market, influenced by price fluctuations and a reverse relation found between the real value of flexibility and the price changes and the age. This research aimed to identify the effects of cigarette price on smoking rate in Iran. This is a descriptive-analytic study to find the relation between using cigarettes and its price changes during the 1983 to 2005 in the time series. Variables such as urban families’ income, metropolitan, unemployment, and literacy rate were studied, as well. The study’s population was Iran people who were chosen in the form of continuous sampling. There is an assumed correlation between a random variable and time. Data analyzed by DF and ADF tests and additive Durbin-Watson test. To test the model, we used OSL method. ADF test in meaningful level of a 5% and 10% for the number of cigarettes, literacy rate, and reminder of the model were viable. Variables such as the price, unemployment rate and family’s income were non-viable. Absolute value for price attraction for cigarette was less than 1 that means that cigarette was a low attractive good. By increasing the literacy rate, cigarette smoking was decreased, and high income did not mean more smoking. Unemployment rate had an effect on smoking.

There was always suspicion regarding concept and frameworks of digital libraries; concepts such as electronic library, virtual library, without wall library, hybrid library and digital library have applied often together, or for each other for conveying library concept. Studies have shown that so far there is no standard and universal accepted definition for digital libraries, however Digital Library Federation (DLF) has a definition that is most accepted and cited definition. This study aimed to determine the most important parameters for designing and evaluation of digital libraries; and provide a relatively criteria framework had been given.

In this descriptive research, studying texts and reviewing resources about digital libraries and their designing and evaluation; we recognized a lot of elements in designing digital libraries. Then we surveyed six successful world digital libraries and analyzed information to determine basic parameters in designing of digital libraries.

The 14 main parameters in designing of digital libraries are as followed: full text recourses, special users, permanent access, format, retrieval and search, acquisition,infrastructures and equipments development, expert staff, organization, cooperating capability with other libraries, services, print resources, standards and standardization, and copy right observance. Every Parameter has different subsections, involving different areas.

We did not find any study about investigation of parameters related to designing and evaluation of digital libraries. Our finding may be used as designing and evaluating criteria for digital libraries and improvement of actual process in these libraries in the future.

In this era, the grate evolutions in management science, has made the existence of an evaluation system unavoidable, the lack of an evaluation system in organization considered as one of the organizational disease signs. This research aimed to study the evaluation system of Iran University Medical Sciences (IUMS) with Balance Score Cards.

In this descriptive research we included all 50 managers, and heads of hospitals in IUMS in census sampling. SPSS software was used for data analyzing, and we used descriptive statistics for presenting findings.

The general aspect with 66.67% and financial aspects with 33.83% had the most and the least scores. This shows that the current system has essantial weakness in all of evaluation aspects.

The present system had the major weakness points in all of aspects, and the most major weakness was at the financial one.

Competitive economy of clinical and health cares forced clinical and health organizations to use new managerial tools. One of the most effective tools is outsourcing. Outsourcing has many benefits and is a solution for finance restricts, and needs less capital investment.

This is a descriptive cross-sectional study used Firoozgar hospital's pharmacy data in the years 2005-2007. Data are gathered by questionnaires, guided interviews, financial records, and statistics department documents. Data analyzed through Excel and SPSS softwares using T-test and Wilcoxon test.

After pharmacy outsourcing, many of hospital personnel’s and drug shopping costs have been saved monthly. The hospital has 100 million Rials monthly for renting the pharmacy place. Number of pharmacy personnel increased from 9 to 14, and their education increased too. The manager's daily spent time decreased. The satisfaction of clinical departments’ staff increased. 10 out of 19 activities had meaningful differences. The number of pharmacy's recipes increased.

The improvement of efficiency and effectiveness state of pharmacy shows that pharmacy outsourcing in Firoozgar hospital was successful. Keywords: Efficiency, Effectiveness, Outsourcing, Hospital's Pharmacy

Hospital solid wastes are one of the environmental threats for health because of high contents of hazardous, toxics, and pathogen materials. Neglecting to safe and proper management of hospital solid wastes could lead to local and regional outbreaks and epidemics, which has high costs in addition to threat the public and environmental health. This survey aimed to study the solid wastes management in teaching and private hospitals in 2006.

This cross-sectional study conducted in 159 randomly selected wards in 6 teaching hospitals and 3 private hospitals. Data were collected by observation and completing a 72 questions questionnaire.

In private hospitals wards with wastes segregation (67%), collection (39%), temporary storage (15/7%) and transportation to temporary storage, and final disposal site (27/5%) were better than those in teaching hospitals (13%, 35%, 7/3% and 2/11% respectively).

Wastes management in private hospitals is more desirable, because of more funds and manager's liberty, authority and flexibility to make better image for hospitals through delivering high quality services.