فصلنامه بررسی های حسابداری و حسابرسی
پیاپی 64 (تابستان 1390)

In this paper we investigate the trend of accounting earnings’ timeliness and conservatism in accepted companies in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). We also consider Firm and Auditor size’s impact on these two variables. We use 90 firms per year in order to investigate the research subject, all the data are relate to the years 1378to 1386. We analyze the data by means of both simple and multiple regression models within SPSS and E. Views statistical software. The research findings show that accounting earnings do not become timelier in investigated period. We also find that there is no significant difference between big and small firms in providing both timelier and more conservative earnings. On the other hand we find that there is no significant difference between accounting earnings of firms which are audited by Audit organization compare to firms audited by members of Iranian Association of Certified Public Accountant (IACPA).

Active portfolio management is a famous strategy in capital markets. A problem with this strategy is that it ignores the overall portfolio risk. For solving this problem, we examine the impact of adding a new Value at Risk (VaR) constraint to the active management model. In this study, we use Genetic Algorithms for optimization of this model, Sharp Ratio and Return to VaR Ratio for performance measurement of the models. Results show that the new model, in comparison to active model without VaR constraint, has significantly better performance.

In this research, “Activity Based Costing” (ABC) system was used in a comparative form to calculate cost price of training students in Shiraz, Yazd and Fasa. For this purpose, after defining activity centers, by applying cost driver, costs allocating processes in each activity center was determined. Finally concerning the usage credit based of activity service centers, costs price of each credit were calculated and from the whole credits costs, cost price of each major was calculated. Results showed student education cost price in different majors has a significant difference. This difference mainly originates from the number of subject-credits, equipments needed, the arrangement of practical and theoretical subjects and the number of students. In addition, nearly 40% of the cost price in each major is related to sustaining costs (university and college chief, cost pool and educational indirect costs) and others are related to unit level costs (manpower cost and consuming material in laboratories).

In this research we examined the relationship between conservatism and information content of accounting earnings in 131 firms, listed on Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) during years 2002 to2010. Conservatism is measured by using three models including Basu (1997), Ball and Shiva Kumar (2005) and Ball, Kothari and Robin (2000) models. Information content is measured by Easton and Harris (1991) model. Research Findings show that firms accounting earnings are conservative and it decreases the information content of accounting earnings. Also conservatism has not leaded to more returns to investors.

Current article attempt to investigate the effects of capital structure and its change on the kind and amount of achieving in seven financial strategies. For this purpose we test 2394 firm-year of the accepted companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange between years of 1377 until 1387. For testing the hypotheses, kolmogrov-smirnov, spearman's correlation coefficient and logistic regression in backward elimination mode were employed. Results show that companies which different in kind and amount of achieving financial strategies had different capital structures and differently change their capital structures. In addition findings reveal significant relationship between kind and amount achieving financial strategies and capital structure components and its kind and amount change in them, but it was differ in different financial strategies. Lastly, with using data of capital structure and its change can obtain well models that predict kind and amount of achieving financial strategies.

This study investigated the effect of income smoothing on information uncertainty, stock return and cost of equity. For income smoothing two indices are used: total accruals smoothing and discretionary accruals smoothing. With accurate study of literature we hypothesized three possibilities and selected 111 companies listed in Tehran stock exchange as our survey for a period of three years, 1385-1387. In this study, Ohlson and Juttner- Narouth models were used to collect data. Our hypotheses were analyzed using multiple liner regressions and F and T tests. Our results showed that income smoothing caused reduction in information uncertainty in selected companies. It also showed that when fluctuations related to unexpected stock earnings are controlled, income smoothing 5 days before and after earnings announcement has no effect on companie's stock return. Finally our data showed that income smoothing has no effect on cost of equity.

This study investigates the relation between earnings growth supported by revenue growth and earnings response coefficient in firms listed with Tehran stock exchange. To test these hypotheses we use multiple regressions for which 95 sample firms over the period from 1380 to 1387 are selected. SPSS software is applied to estimate regressions models. The findings are indicative of significant relation between earnings growth supported by revenue growth and earnings response coefficient. On the other hand firms pursuing revenue reduction strategy have larger earning response coefficient than those following cost-reduction strategy.

In this study will be investigated the relationship between the corporate governance mechanisms, including board size, duality, outside directors and institutional investors, with the share value. for create a link between elements of corporate governance and equity value, is used from the Ohlson`s valuation model (1995), and corporate governance mechanisms replace with the "Other Information" in this model. Background research indicates that there isn`t linear and Specified relationship between the mechanism of corporate governance and the company's stock price. Therefore, the artificial neural network is used to identify any relationships between model variables. In other words, assumption of linear information dynamics, in the Ohlson`s model will be challenged. After The design of artificial neural network model, the results is compared with ordinary least squares method. For the design of Neural network model and the linear regression equation, totally is used from 776 firm-years information and for to test the neural network and linear regression is used of 62 firm-years information in the years 1380 to 1389. Neural network used in this researchis of multi-layer perceptron with error back propagation learning algorithm and is used on it from two hidden layer to simulate the relationships between variables. The results suggest that: 1.using of Mechanisms of corporate overnance as part of other information in the ohlson valuation model (1995) cause to increase the explanatory power of the valuation model, and 2. Using of artificial neural networks raises the explanatory power and accuracy of the model than ordinary least squares method, to analyze relationships between variables