فصلنامه بررسی های حسابداری و حسابرسی
پیاپی 79 (بهار 1394)

Financial accounting users need accounting information for decision making purposes and when accounting information can be useful that has value relevance. The aim is investigation changing of accounting information´s value relevance and the factors which can affect it. We investigated the accounting information´s value relevance of 2،970 observations with using 4 models and OLS method during 18 years (1375-1392) and also for identifying the factors we use 100 samples of companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange during 10 years (1383-1392). We find that after using the first accounting standards the value relevance of balance sheet relation is increasing. In addition we find that there is meaningful and negative relationship between changes in the value relevance of accounting information and company´s size، meaningful and positive relationship between changes in the value relevance of accounting information and company´s growth and also meaningful and negative relationship between changes in the value relevance of accounting information and company´s debt.

The managers have different incentives to keep cash in firms. One of their incentives for cash holding is precautionary motives. Based on precautionary motives، and to deal with unexpected financial crisis and the subsequent uncertainties، firms always keep a part of their assets in cash type. This research investigates the relationship between two measures of firm’s future uncertainties includes 1) stock return’s total volatilities and its systematic (normal) and idiosyncratic (abnormal) components، and 2) bankruptcy risk، with cash holding in 193 firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange from 2002 to 2013. The results show that the increase in stock return volatilities (especially idiosyncratic volatilities) and also increase in bankruptcy risk، lead to increase in firms’ cash holding. The research findings are consistent with the concepts of the static trade-off theory.

This research examines the relationship between earning sustainability and value relevance of accounting information. In this study has collected data from 76 firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2005 to 2013 and test the research hypothesis by utilizing the regression coefficient analysis. The results showed a significant and positive relation between earning sustainability and value relevance of accounting information. In other words، when increase the reproducibility of the earning increases value relevance of accounting information. In general unsustainable earning will decrease the value relevance because shareholders cannot rely on earning. From the other side increase earning sustainability can be increase the predictive power of shareholders. Thus it can increase value relevance of accounting information. The Results also show that the significant and positive relation between Changes EPS and return of stock

In this study، in order to summed up the findings and analyzes on the reasons of the differences between them، meta-analysis method (following Garcia-Meca & Sánchez‐Ballesta، 2009) is implemented on the statistical sample of 49 studies during 2000 to 2014، including 30 foreign studies and 19 studies from Iran. In this article، corporate governance mechanisms are determined as an independent variables in two categories –board of directors including board independence، board size، and CEO duality and ownership structure including insider ownership، concentration، and institutional ownership- and earnings management is determined as a dependent variable. The effect size was calculated in order to determine the relationship between the main variables and also، to detect moderating variables. The findings show، at first، “the type and the sign of accruals” are as moderating variables for relationships between board size، concentration and institutional ownership and earnings management. Second، “the model of accruals” and also “the type of corporate governance system” moderate the relation between board independence and board size and earnings management.

Tax has as one of the most important income sources for governments has been received from a long time ago. The other hand، companies are always trying to pay less tax. Tax avoidance is one of the tools that managers use to pay less corporate tax. Different factors such as managers'' overconfidence affect companies'' tax avoidance. The purpose of this study is investigation into the effect of managerial overconfidence on tax avoidance. We study 76 companies listed in Tehran Stock Exchange in the period of 2007 to 2013 to test the hypothesis. For data analysis and hypothesis testing، multivariate regression model and the model of compound data is used. Results show that the effect of managerial overconfidence on tax avoidance are positive and significant. In order words، existence of overconfidence in top managers results in increasing of financial reporting tax avoidance.

This research is about presenting a suitable model for reporting inflation accounting in Iran. The main method of the research is to conduct interviews with experts that then in order to find the model، have been analyzed using thematic analysis. The acceptability of the model has been tested using a questionnaire. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire both have been vindicated. The results of the questionnaire are confirming of all the main aspects of the presented model. In the model، valuation basis and capilal maintenance basis are both inflation adjusted based on a general price level index. The researcher’s two proposals concerning gain on borrowing and reporting the current value of land and buildings، bothhave been confirmed too.

The aim of this research is to investigate impact of corporate governance mechanisms including percentage of institutional ownership، managerial ownership percentage، percentage of free float share، and board independence on the value of the company''s with emphasis on investment efficiency of companies listed at Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). Tobin''s Q is used as a measure of firm value. For measuring the investment efficiency، we used Verdi model (2006)، we control the effects of three variables such as firm size، leverage and liquidity ratio that we expected have effect on the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The study population included 132 active companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). The scope of the study includes a six-year period since 2007-2012 based on the financial statements. Panel data regression analysis has been used to test hypotheses of the study. The results suggest that corporate governance mechanisms have no effect on firm value and investment efficiency. Also، corporate governance mechanisms have no effect on the relationship between investment efficiency and firm value.