Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences
Volume:20 Issue: 4, 2015

Cellular and molecullar pathophysiological events elicit ischemic injuries during cerebral ischemia, which the most prominent processes are inflammatory and oxidative stress. Cannabidiol, non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid, exerts cerebroprotective through anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties in different models of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, the neuroprotective effects of this compound in cerebral ischemia model are not unexpected. In the present study, we have attempted to investigate the effect of cannabidiol on ischemic damages development especially brain edema.

Rats were divided randomly into 6 main groups. Using stereotaxic surgery, guide cannula was implanted in the lateral ventricle. Cannabidiol (50, 100, and 200 ng) was administrated for 5 consecutive days through intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection. After pretreatment, the rats were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). After 24 h reperfusion neurological deficit scores (NDS), infarct volume (IV), and brain water content were assessed.

The present results indicate that in the MCAO-induced cerebral ischemia, administration of cannabidiol (100 and 200 ng) caused a remarkable reduction in NDS and IV, and brain edema in comparison with the vehicle group.

The results achieved herein express that cannabidiol possibly ameliorate ischemic injuries, which occur as infarction by reducing the brain water content and neurological defects.

Platelet concentrate (PC) is used to treat patients who are suffering from thrombocytopenia or platelet dysfunction. The biochemical structure and function of platelets are changed during storage. It is called platelet storage lesion (PSL). Platelets affect on blood cells. In this research we studied the effects of human platelets’ lysate concentrations [3(5&mug, 10&mug, 50&mug)] on the metabolic activation of neutrophils. Results of this study could help to identify the mechanism of the affects of platelets on human neutrophils in blood. An experimental study was conducted. The PCs were prepared from IBTO and stored for 5 days. Sampling of PC units was carried out at days 2, 3 and 5 of storage. The lysates of platelets were provided with 3 times freeze-thaw of PC. Protein concentrations of the lysates were determined using Bradford method. Neutrophils were separated from whole blood using the dextran-ficol method and treated with the lysate at different concentrations. After 1 hour of incubation, the survival and metabolic activity of neutrophils were evaluated with the MTT test. The data was analyzed using the t-test. The study showed that 5&mug of platelet lysate concentration follow up on different days of storage can cause more neutrophil metabolic activity. The level of neutrophil activation depended on the concentration of the lysate. For the final concentrations of 5&mug and 50&mug of the lysate, the difference in the neutrophil metabolic activity was significant between the case and control (p-value&le0.04). Soluble platelet-derived growth factors in the platelets’ lysate could effect on neutrophils. It seems that a different effect on the metabolic activity of neutrophils to different concentrations of platelet lysate. We recommend further investigation of the effectiveness of this dose (5&mug) on other immune cells. This finding correlated with the studies related to the usage of platelets’ lysate in the culture medium as growth factor.

Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by free radicals and oxidative stress. On the other hand, antioxidant agents can affect the consolidation of memory and thus control the Alzheimer’s disease. It was indicated that green tea extract contains antioxidant agents. In the present study, the effects of green tea extract on consolidation of memory in rats with Alzheimer’s disease were studied. Alzheimer’s was induced by bilateral infusion of streptozotocin (STZ) into the lateral ventricles of brains of the male Wistar rats. The rats received green tea extract by 100 mg/kg dosage. A passive avoidance learning test was used for measuring memory in rats. Time of entering the dark room and the staying time in the dark room was the most important parameters in the avoidance learning test for measurement of memory. The histomorphological studies were also used in order to investigate on both of the tissue damaging and the apoptosis. Data were analyzed by SPSS soft ware and the p-value was considered as <0.05. Our results showed that memory in STZ group decreased significantly compared to control and sham groups. In contrast, treatment with green tea increased the speed of learning and improvement of memory in rats with Alzheimer’s. The results achieved from histomorphologic a studies demonstrated reducing in apoptosis in the green tea treated groups. These data shows that green tea extract is useful in treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and its consequent memory damages and causes a descend in the apoptosis in the cells of the hippocampus.

Cellular and molecullar pathophysiological events elicit ischemic injuries during cerebral ischemia, which the most prominent processes are inflammatory and oxidative stress. Cannabidiol, non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid, exerts cerebroprotective through anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties in different models of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, the neuroprotective effects of this compound in cerebral ischemia model are not unexpected. In the present study, we have attempted to investigate the effect of cannabidiol on ischemic damages development especially brain edema. Rats were divided randomly into 6 main groups. Using stereotaxic surgery, guide cannula was implanted in the lateral ventricle. Cannabidiol (50, 100, and 200 ng) was administrated for 5 consecutive days through intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection. After pretreatment, the rats were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). After 24 h reperfusion neurological deficit scores (NDS), infarct volume (IV), and brain water content were assessed. The present results indicate that in the MCAO-induced cerebral ischemia, administration of cannabidiol (100 and 200 ng) caused a remarkable reduction in NDS and IV, and brain edema in comparison with the vehicle group. The results achieved herein express that cannabidiol possibly ameliorate ischemic injuries, which occur as infarction by reducing the brain water content and neurological defects.

Mental disorders are the leading cause of disability in the world with multiple negative effects, which can increase the risk of other diseases. Moreover, mental health has a positive influence on the treatment of diseases, which highlights the importance of mental health. Considering the development of new opportunities in mental health services provided by mobile technological advances, the present study aimed to investigate the applications of mobile health for patients mental health promotion. This secondary research was conducted by searching the electronic databases of SCOPUS, proquest, pubmed and google scholar as well as keywords mental health, mobile health, smartphone, mobile mental health and mental health promotion. Among the resources that were associated with both the concept of mobile health and mental health were investigated for the study. All published literature in English was related from 1994-2015 and all published literature in Persian was related from 1385-1394. It seems that the use of mobile health can improve patients mental health due to the applications such as training, reducing the fear associated with the stigma of mental illness, notification, tele-psychotherapy, telecommunication, medication accuracy certainty, the possibility of self-care, patients’ self-reporting, automatic data sampling, behavioral patterns recognition, data visualization, therapeutic feedback, identification of a patient’s mental status, evaluation of a mental patient’s physical activity and predicting a patient’s real-time behavior.

Systematic anthropometric methods are commonly used for measuring the soft tissue of the external nose before surgery. Surgical planning should be carried out according to data obtained from this method and also photoanalysis. Referring to some textbooks Persian nose is similar to Middle Eastern nose. However, there are some differences in a variety of ethnicities of Iranian population. Recognition of these differences is pointed by qualified Iranian plastic surgeon to improve these specific deformities. Study group consisted of 260 patients who were scheduled for rhinoplasty between 2012-2014 in one of the referral hospital for plastic surgery in Iran. The data from direct anthropometry and photogrammetry and photography were also analyzed. The majority of patients were women (73.8%) with average age of 28.6 years. Linear parameters such as length, width, depth, height of nose and also bony base width, alar thickness, tip projection were less in women than men and statistically were significant. The mean of nasofrontal angle in women 142.3º and in men was 145.1º. We found that 37.5% of women and 55.4% of men had over projection tip. Moderate dorsal hump (2-4 mm) was found in 72% of women and 86.5% of men. Although we found out that almost the external nose feature of Middle Eastern nose in Persian patients have some differences that persists. The most common prevalent features of our study were poorly defined tip, deviated nose, moderate dorsal hump, normal radix, wide bony structure and long nose. Tip projection and rotation, radix depth, nasolabial and colomellolubolar angles were the differences with Middle Eastern nose. This study although cannot presented a unique pattern of Persian nose but it could help Iranian plastic surgeons in surgical planning.

Prison is one of the most important places for transmission of infectious diseases has particular importance and prison population is at high risk for infectious diseases like hepatitis B and C. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and C among male inmates in six prisons of different provinces of Iran in 2011. In this cross-sectional study, 2120 male prisoners from six prisons of Tehran (n=408), Kermanshah (n=400), Khorasan Razavi (n=400 cases), Kerman (n=312), Isfahan (n=300) and Fars (n=300) were examined. Blood samples were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to HCV (anti-HCV) by ELISA. The average age of prisoners was 37±13 years with range 25–59 years. Totally, 73 (3.4%) prisoners were anti-HBc positive and 273 (12.9%) prisoners were anti-HCV positive. The lowest prevalence of hepatitis B and C was observed in Kerman (respectively 2.52% and 3.2%) and highest was in Isfahan (respectively 6.3% and 33.6%). According to the current study, prevalence of hepatitis B and C infectious among prisoners are considerable. Nevertheless, prisoners routinely are not evaluated and screened for these infections. It is recommended that the responsibility should apply some policy for reducing and preventing such transmission in prisons.

There are different types of herbs in Iran as they can be applied for curing and controlling bacterial infection. In this context, Urtica dioica L. has shown great effects against gram negative and positive bacteria and antioxidant activity as well. This study showed that nettles leaf essence has high antibacterial and antioxidant activities. In this experimental study, the leaves of nettle were collected from Sehezar region, Tonekabon, and then were extracted by Clevenger. Moreover, the chemical compounds of nettles leaves essence were identified by gas chromatography–mass/mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS). Also, MIC and MBC tests were carried out against some bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistance Staphyloccus aureus, Escherchia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Shigella dysenteria. The DPPH producer was used for evaluating antioxidant capacity as well. The essence of nettles leaves has acceptable antibacterial results against either gram negative and positive bacteria except Bacillus subtilis. Also, the antioxidant activity and the antioxidant activity index (AAI) of the essence were 21.53 and 2.116 &mug/ml, respectively. Moreover, the main components included phytol (35.0%), nonanal (15.3%), &beta-ionone (9.0%), phtaleic acid (7.4 %) and carvacrol (3.5%). For the first time, it has been demonstrated that nettle leaves essence can be used as a new broad spectrum antibacterial agent and efficient antioxidant for controlling and remedy of infectious diseases.