Researcher Bulletin of Medical Sciences
Volume:17 Issue: 3, 2012

Recovery in central nervous system (CNS) disorders is hindered by the limited ability of the vertebrate CNS to regenerate and replace damaged myelin، and re-establish functional neural connections. In spinal cord injury and other traumas، demyelination of intact axons is an important factor contributing to loss of function. Previous studies suggest that substantial recovery of function might be achieved through remyelination of damaged axons. This study examined the effects of Triiodothyronine (T3) on in vitro trans-differentiation of adult rat bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) into oligodendrocyte - like cells (OLCs).

This research was performd experimentally. Under strile conditions، BMSCs were isolated from female sprague-dawley rats. BMSCs were evaluated for different markers such as fibronectin، CD44، CD90، oct4 and CD45. OLCs transdifferentiated from BMSCs by sequential exposure of BMSCs to DMSO and RA in preinduction stage and then induced by heregulin، PDGF-AA، bFGF، and T3 at the induction stage. In both stages of preinduction and induction، the experssion of CD45، CD90، CD44، fibronectin، nestin، Oligo2، O4، NF68، NF160، GFAP، and O1 were assassed by RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry.

Our results from immunocytochemistry showed that the fibronectin، CD44، CD90، and CD45 were expressed 94. 32 ± 0. 45%، 95. 48 ± 0. 24% and 97. 16 ± 0. 82% (p< 0. 05). Assessment of of O1، O4 and oligo2 experssion showed that in the induction stage، combination of HRG، PDGF، bFGF and T3 (25ng/ml) have an effective role in transdifferentiation of BMSCs into OLCs. ‍

DMSO and RA can transdifferente BMSCs into NeuroProgenitor Cells (NPC) and these cells can be differentiated into OLCs by combination of HRG، PDGF، bFGF and T3 (25ng/m) l.

Public health promoting behaviors and lifestyle are quite important in adolescents and young adults. The present study aimed to translate and assess the validity and reliability of the health-promoting lifestyle questionnaire using factor analysis. In a descriptive study، 365 students at the Hamedan University of Medical Sciences were recruited by multistage randomized sampling method. The alpha Cronbach coefficient and confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess the validity and internal consistency of the health-promoting lifestyle questionnaire which has 40 questions. Confirmatory factor analysis fit 6-factor structure was confirmed (RMSEA=0. 05، CFI=0. 94، x2 = 1989. 10، df=410، p<0. 001). For all factors except social support، the Alpha Cronbach''s coefficient was in agreement range of equal or above 0. 74. ‍ The Persian version of the health-promoting lifestyle questionnaire can be used as a valid and reliable tool for investigating health behaviors in adolescents and young adults and specially medical students

One of the methods of service training and development of human resources is job rotation and systematic interchange of the employees; but there are few researches about it in Iran health care organizations. The main goal of this research is to study the correlation between job rotation and the performance of the environmental health employees of health centers، affiliated to the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science.

The current study is descriptive and correlative type and was conducted in 2011 in three health centers of North، North-West and East of Tehran. The study sample composed of 42 environment health employees of the health centers which were selected by random-classification. The data were collected using collection forms and performance evaluation forms، based on detailed monthly statistics of employees (number of visits، suspended، off suggestion، group training، chlorine and iodine measurements and water sampling). The data were consequently analyzed by Mann-Whitney test and the Spearman correlation methods in SPSS software.

The averages and standard deviation of performance in employees who recently experienced job rotation and those who didn’t were 87. 13± 18. 9 and 82. 73±22. 6 (out of 100 scores)، respectively; thus، no significant correlation was found between job rotation and performance of environmental health employees (p =0. 178). This lack of correlation was found between job rotation and performance items، as well. ‍

In this study، performance of the environmental health employees in health centers was independent of their job rotation status، but it has been suggested that job rotation is one of the goals for increasing performance of the health center employees. It seems that with respect to the findings of this study، less usage of job rotation and stability in job activities can be effective in improving performance of the employees.

Emotional intelligence is considered as a person’s innate ability to perceive and manage his own emotions in a manner that results in successful interactions with the environment. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence and coping styles in Golestan University of Medical Sciences’ Students in 2008. In this descriptive-analytic study، 180 students of Golestan University of Medical Sciences were randomly selected. Then the students completed Schering emotional intelligence and Coping Styles (CR-S) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient. The significance level in all tests was considered as 0. 05. The mean age of the cases was 21. 46±2. 08 and 53. 3% of them were female. There were significant statistical differences between emotional intelligence and its subscales (self-motivation، self-control، self-awareness، social awareness and social skills) with problem-oriented coping skills (P<0. 05). Emotional intelligence total score along with self-control، social awareness and social skills subscale had significant correlation with effective emotion-oriented coping skills (P<0. 05). There was a significant reverse correlation between emotional intelligence total score and its five subscales with ineffective coping skills. ‍ There is a relationship between emotional intelligence and effective coping styles. Emotional intelligence can be a link between life stress and psychological adjustment to protect individuals against psychological problems.

Patients’ safety culture is one of the key elements to safety promotion and improvement of the quality of patient care. Few studies have been conducted about patients’ safety culture in the country. Here، patients’ safety culture status among educational hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences was studied using Texas university SAQ questionnaire. In a cross sectional study in 2011، four out of nine hospitals affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were chosen from North، East and West of Tehran metropolitan، based on their magnitude and geographical dispersion. Two of these hospitals were big (more than 300 beds)، and two were small (less than 300 beds). The study population consisted of pharmacists، medical assistants، nurses، operating room technicians، nutrition experts، and practitioners in radiology and laboratory departments. In this study data collection tool was a validated & reliable (r=0. 88) Farsi translated version of Texas university questionnaire (SAQ)، focusing on eight areas of patients’ safety culture. 58% of samples were nurses with more than two year of experience. In this study، patients’ safety culture was in the moderate level among studied hospitals and no significant difference was observed between them. However، a significant difference was seen among hospitals، in terms of management and expectations of safety improvement along with staffs concerns (p<0. 009). A significant difference was also seen in total score of safety culture and five areas of safety culture، based on organizational position of the respondents (p<0. 05). The strongest dimension of patients'' safety culture in studied hospitals was team work area with 74% positive responses. ‍ Patients'' safety culture in the target hospitals was in the middle level. Hence، interventions for cultural improvement considering hospital characteristics are required.

Silver nanoparticles have many applications in medicine، pharmaceutical and health sciences. There are some problems in physical and chemical methods of nanoparticle production including high cost، environmental pollution and complexity of these processes، while the biological production methods are economical and eco-friendly. The aim of this study was biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by Bacillus bacteria. The gender of Bacillus bacteria was isolated from Ainaly territory soil and copper mines of Ahar city (Sungun and Mazraeh) using morphological observation and some preliminary biochemical tests. The isolated bacteria were suspended in 50 ml of 3. 5 mM aqueous AgNo3 solution at pH 7 for 48-72 h. After color changing observation، the solutions were centrifuged to prepare biomass for analyses of UV-vis spectrophotometer and TEM. The molecular test was performed to confirm the gender of the bacteria. After isolation of 40 kinds of Bacillus bacteria category، just the one from Sungun Copper Mine was found to be able to produce silver nanoparticles. The colour changing of aqueous medium and the result of UV–vis spectrophotometer demonstrated the formation of silver nanoparticles. TEM micrographs indicated spherical silver nanoparticles with the size range of 20-50 nm. The molecular test demonstrated the genus of bacteria as Bacillus. ‍ The results showed that the isolated species of Bacillus is able to produce sliver nanoparticles.

Considering the prevalence of radial nerve palsy and the importance of adequate treatment procedures for this dysfunction، the present study was carried out on patients with radial nerve in 15-Khordad hospital. The study was set to compare the results of single-tendon transfer surgery with those of the common (triple-tendon transfer) surgery. The study adopted a historical cohort method. Patients with definite radial nerve palsy diagnosis were assigned into either the experimental group with single-tendon transfer surgery or the control group with triple-tendon transfer surgery. After similar surgical treatment and at least one-month follow-up، the results of changes in the range of motion in metacarpophalangeal (MP)، proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints were compared using Kruskal–Wallis test. The participants consisted of 50 patients who were assigned into a single-tendon transfer (N=33) and a triple-tendon transfer surgery (N=17). The subjects in either group were similar in terms of the type of disease، simultaneous attendance and socio-economic status (in regard to referring to the same hospital) as well as the initial range of motion in MP، PIP and DIP joints، so that there was no significant statistical difference among them. Following the treatment، the range of motion in the MP joint improved as much as 77. 3±12. 1 in triple-tendon subjects and 88±63 in single-tendon subjects. It improved in the PIP joint as much as 85. 9±13. 5 in triple-tendon subjects and 90. 5±40. 1 in single-tendon subjects. It also improved in the DIP joint as much as 267±8 in triple-tendon subjects and 256±16 in single-tendon subjects (P<0. 4). ‍ It seems that the number of tendons transferred to treat radial nerve palsy does not affect the surgical results. Considering the limitations of the present study، it is recommended to conduct further clinical trials on this issue.

Yersinia enterocolitica is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the genus Yersinia، family Enterobacteriaceae. In humans، Y. enterocolitica are well-known food-borne pathogens which are mainly transmitted by water and food. Its epidemic often appears after the ingestion of contaminated foods، especially contaminated meat such as chicken. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O: 3 in Chicken meat in Shahrekord، Iran. In this study، 300 chicken meat samples were randomly obtained from local supermarkets of Shahrekord. Under strile conditions، 25 g of each sample was taken into 10 ml phosphate buffered saline (pH 7. 2) and was homogenized by Stomacher and incubated at 4°C for two weeks. At weekly intervals، a suspension aliquot was cultured linearly on Cefsulodin Irgasan Novobiocin Agar (CIN). The positive sampals were examined by PCR method، to determine the presence of O: 3 serotype. Using culture and PCR method، 65 of the total 300 chicken meat samples were found positive; thus، the prevalence of Y. enterocolitica contamination was 21. 66%. Of these، 10 (15. 38%) were found to be positive for Yersinia enterocolitica O: 3 serotype. ‍ The results of this study indicated the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica in chicken meat. Moreover، it was shown that this bacterium is easily transmitted by food and also easily grows in refrigerators at 4 degrees Celsius. Concerning these results، it is recommended that health authorities of Iran consider this issue more seriously، to prevent the health and economic problems which are resulted from it.