فصلنامه مجلس و راهبرد
پیاپی 57 (پاییز 1387)

Among more than 200 various countries in the world, contemporary Iran is only one country, but due to its complex history and civilization,Iran is one of the several civilized countries having rich culture. Iran is a country whose people know their magnificent historical background,being still wide even after losing some of its provinces.“Iran” means “the Aria's Land.” Contemporary Iran is a part of a wider state which had included more lands. That fact that the country is between the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea in the south and the Caspian Sea in the north had put the country in a unique geographical and geopolitical situation. Because of its unique situation, Iran has always an especial place in the world strategies. The significant role of Iran has made theorists to pay especial attention to Iran in their own theories. While studying the importance of the role of Iran in various aspects, this paper tries to study place, role, and situation of Iran in some of the global theories, viewing this particularly from geopolitical and geographical perspective.

A new American strategy after the cold war is coalition-making,which has replaced other American foreign policy strategies because of changes made in the nature of international system. Using this strategy, USA tries to cooperate with other states, which usually have the secondary role in implementing American foreign policy, in order to justify legitimacy and acceptability of her own unilateral measures. Hence, coalition-making in the American foreign policy has replaced getting permit from Security Council in legitimizing using compulsion against other countries. This strategy has been so far applied in three American wars against Iraq (1990), Afghanistan (2001), and Iraq (2003). In these three coalition-makings, USA has tried to obtain a permit from Security Council for attacking these countries by using transformations in international system, then conducting military attack on those countries being against the American order in a coalition with several allied countries. Nevertheless, these three coalitions differ from each other both formally and essentially. This paper focuses on their differences. Therefore, this paper tries to comparatively and analytically study the American coalition-making strategy after the cold war, appraising the nature of probable coalition against Islamic Republic of Iran.

By relying on theories of international relations, this paper intends to trace the evolution in the concept of the humanitarian intervention in international relations. Humanitarian intervention in international community, as a rule, is considered as the hardest test for society. The reason is obvious: the society is based on the principle of national sovereignty, not permitting foreigners to intervene, and not using force. Globalization is not consistent with human rights and the culture of human rights. But this point must not be ignored that we are experiencing a period in which humanitarian intervention has undergone conceptual transformation. In other words, this concept has substantially transformed compared with both before and after the cold war. To make this issue clear, this paper reviews concept of intervention according to realist and liberal theories, then deals with the conceptual evolution in humanitarian intervention according to constructivist theory in the form of normative, value-based and international rule, and finally traces the evolution in the concept of humanitarian intervention in international relations as a whole.

This paper pays attention to the role and importance of parties in making national solidarity from theoretical viewpoint, explaining such functions of political parties as making political participation, political socialization, aggregating plural sources of social power, and other factors giving rise to national authority and solidarity as well, then dealing with, on the one hand, the role of the parties in articulating social demands and, on the other hand, the weaknesses and inefficiencies of political regimes. The paper analyzes the factors making Iranian parties unable to produce national solidarity as well as their failures in other party functions. In the final part of the paper, some suggestions has been proposed to strengthen party-making current in Islamic Republic of Iran.

USA’s decision to implement missile defense system in Eastern Europe has given rise to a wide debate in an international scene. The American authorities tried all along to convince their European allies to accept the project. Nevertheless, there are many serious disagreements particularly on the part of Russia, China, and even some of European partners of Washington. This paper assumes that implementing missile defense project has wide impacts on international security equations and the world strategic stability will really be under threat of the project.Therefore, it can be predicted that the debate over this project will be continued in the future.

Statecraft as most important function of political systems requires effective instruments in different aspects. In Contemporary states, one of instruments used by politicians for playing their desired role is intelligence organizations. While briefly presenting concept of intelligence and its relation with politics, this paper intends to introduce functions of this instrument in political systems and statecraft as a whole. Having reviewed functions and tasks of intelligence organizations, the paper considers their role in policymaking process in political systems as their most important task.Keywords:

Establishing and developing of political and economic relations with other countries while observing some considerations has an influential role in improving the situation of any country as well as in making its political and economic security. This paper analyzes advantages of relations between Iran and Asian countries from various aspects. Political situation of Asia, its high ratio in the world gross domestic production, such countries as China and India with their experiencing rapid growth, and the presence of a developed country like Japan are good advantages for Iran in establishing relations with these countries.On the other hand, the strategic place of Iran, the availability of plentiful oil and gas resources, and abundant and cheap labor resources are good advantages for other countries in establishing relations with Iran. Studies on non-oil trade and industrial co-operations between Iran and Asian countries show that there are good relations between two sides which have had good results for both.

In democratic systems, various ways including establishing an institution called parliamentary immunity are used to achieve intended goals,which are satisfying needs of people as well as respecting their demands. This paper intends to study this institution, investigating its foundations, its cons and pros, history and its various kinds, and examining its place in Iranian law both before and after the Islamic revolution. This paper tries to illuminate different aspects of the issue through a scientific, argumentative and just view.

Martyr Modarres is considered as one of the brightest and most influential figures in social and political Iranian history. Having passed the highest degrees in religious jurisprudence and ijtehad, he made his political philosophy on the basis of the well-known “our politics is our religiosity, and our religiosity is our politics” slogan, establishing it on the basis of four foundations of human greatness, freedom, proper social and political behavior, and lawfulness.The good society, according to martyr Modarres, is the one in which the greatness of human beings is observed, freedom has high value, politics and religiosity have close relationship with each other,constitution, legislator parliament, and nation have a good place, state authority requires nation’s authority, and the law is respected and is in the focal point of both real and legal individuals.

By offering some definitions and concepts of protect from consumers,this paper emphasizes on the necessity of implementing scientific researches on policies for protecting consumers in Iran. The paper consists of three parts. The first part describes the structure of managing consumer protection in Japan. The second part studies executive structure of consumer protection in Japan, presenting those organizations implementing it. The final part introduces Japanese national center for consumer protection > as the main executive institution for consumer protection in Japan > describing its activities in detail. Finally, while concluding, the paper proposes some suggestions for making laws and policies for consumer protection in Iran.