فصلنامه مجلس و راهبرد
پیاپی 62 (پاییز و زمستان 1388)

Productivity, as a basic source for economic growth, plays a significant role in macroeconomic planning and policy making. Studying the status quo of Iranian economy shows that part of economic growth unfulfillment in development plans is due to productivity growth not to be fulfilled; especially in labor Productivity. Furthermore, it discusses relative imbalance of labor productivity in economic different sectors and reasonsof productivity gap in some Asian countries with higher incomes. This study shows obviously that there are always imbalance and productivity gaps in Iranian economy. It is expected to improve labor productivity and to achieve more human capital in production in long run by focusing stable economic growth on Iranian perspective development plans, more emphasizing on labor productivity, and its fulfillment in development plansas well as considering challenges and using good opportunities.

This paper compares growth rates of Iranian capital, labor, and total factor productivities indices with some of selected OECD countries during 1995 to 2007. Results show that Iranian growth rate and productivity level are low. So that productivity gap has been increased and if the process is continued, not only it causes Iran to become asdeveloped country according to perspective development plan but alsoit will diverge from developed countries. In order to get the average of recent productivity level of developed countries according to the perspective plan, it is necessary that labor productivity will be increased about 4 percent on the average annually in next years that more efforts should be made to provide its requirements. Achievements show thatlow capital productivity level means inefficient use of capital possibilities in production process which is bigger problem than labor productivity. So that increase in human capital indices and technical knowledge gap between Iran and developed countries can indicate increase in a productivity gap.

Although, the payment of subsidies and its correction is so necessary to achieve optimal resource allocation, but its fulfillment involves gradual price reform policy during three to five years. To decrease costs of the fulfillment of price reform policy and the payment ofsubsidies, applying complementary policies is vital. In order to decrease the disturbance of prices, both paying attention to professional, stable, and market making institutions and prioritizing the payment of subsidies can decrease costs of the fulfillment of price reform policy. Also, productivity and sustainable consumption can not be achieved only by the price reform, but considering human capital and professionalism as a missing link in Iranian economy, providing a competitive condition, abstaining economic discrimination, using modern technologies in the production process of goods and services, and the amendment of laws that are as complementary policies can decrease costs of thefulfillment of price reform policy and the payment subsidies. So that the adoption of suitable monetary policy in a stagnation condition is necessary to improve economic growth and it can compensate a portion of losses in family's welfare due to price reforms. Therefore, the basic aim of this paper is to study the effects of price reform policy onconsumption and productivity in Iran.

Gas and oil reserves are as a basic infrastructure resources in Iranian economic development. So that exchange incomes of oil exports play a major role in Iranian economy management. We predict net oil exports based on two statistical scenarios by oil Ministry and other experts within 1404. Achievements show that net oil exports are being decreased considerably. Thus, we apply techniques to enhance oil recovery as follows: digging of well, gas injection, the replacement of gas with oil, and using above all. Consequently, gas and oil can not be separated from each other and due to make decisions on them as two strategic goods; Iranian energy plan should be made.

There are different meanings for legitimacy term in relevant sciences to politics that it means rightfulness in philosophy and acceptability in sociology. In Islamic government, legitimacy is divided into two groups basically: theocracy means a rule by God and democracy is rule of the people or popular sovereignty which associated with God's will.Prophetic and descendant of Ali governments and governance by jurisprudence are kinds of theocracy. According to principles (1&2) of the constitution, Islamic Republic of Iran is theocracy-based. The secret of salvation, monotheism and theism that is originated from all powers and sovereignty causes legislation and governance to be based on Godscommandments. The former supreme leader of Islamic Republic of Iran, ImamKhomeini, was only a jurisprudent that he could accomplish religious jurisprudence issues as well as he analyzed and defined them and in governance by Jurisprudence book, in this case, he argued the necessity of a religious leader and the necessity of the establishment of the governance by jurisprudence (in the absence of the 12th Imam era) aswell. Therefore, if the governance is Islamic-based, it will be a rule by God and if the government is divine laws-based, it will be theocracy as well as the government is originated from Islamic laws, that is, Islamic government. Mohammad Prophet, the 12 Imams governments and governance by jurisprudence are known as Islamic government.Keywords: Legitimacy; Rightfulness; Acceptability; Legislation; Governance by Jurisprudence; Divine Sovereignty.

Embryo Transfer (ET) is a process by which egg cells are fertilized by sperm outside the body, in vitro- that is also called "in vitro fertilization (IVF)"- means the ova are mixed with spermatozoa from her partner (and incubated in a culture medium until the blast cyst is formed). Especially, the method is used for infertile spouses by transferringspouse's embryo who married legally and religiously provided that woman's uterus is prepared to receive and as a major treatment in infertility is legitimized by the lawmaker. This paper outlines reasons of cons and pros of the subject and its extent religiously as well as it explains some part of embryo gift act problems. Furthermore, the subject is discussed by (maybe) new approach and considering its consequences rationally, then it is concluded.