فهرست مطالب

مجلس و راهبرد - پیاپی 67 (پاییز 1390)

فصلنامه مجلس و راهبرد
پیاپی 67 (پاییز 1390)

  • تاریخ انتشار: 1390/09/30
  • تعداد عناوین: 8
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  • Mehdi Mortazavi, Fazlollah Zarepour Nasirabadi, Mohammadreza Maleki Page 7
    The paper reviews the assessment of the government performance in administrative provisions of the third and fourth development plans Acts and according to the reports provided by the former Management and Planning Organization and President Deputy Strategic Planning and Control, evaluates the compliance of administrative provisions of the fifth development plan Act with 20-Year Perspective Document and General Policies of Article (44). Furthermore, the paper overviews changes of administrative provisions of the bill to become into law. Results of the study indicates lack of a clear coordination between upstream documents and administrative provisions in various stages of codification and approving the law of the fifth development plan that shows inattention to the issue of national policymaking in the plan. Finally, due to the theoretical literature of the implementation of plans and public policies and considering gap between objectives of the plan and what have been achieved concluded that the fulfillment of development plans faces to serious obstacles. So more attention should be paid to obstacles facing the implementation of national policies whether the legislation or during the law enforcement or after it and fundamental questions related to this area should be addressed. But the important about the administrative system is that inefficientadministrative system not only prevents the development and the implementation of development plans but also it is an obstacle to its improvement. Legislation and law enforcement in such a complicated situation can not be become into clearer situation without preparing way to review. From this perspective, the paper is a small step in this direction.
  • Fathollah Tari, Seyed Mohsen Alavimanesh Page 47
    Previously thought that economic enterprises needs to create only economic-political stability for their activity but in the 1990s the importance of business environment as the relevance of micro and macro economics was proposed in economic literature. At first, the paper defines the business environment and then given the first step in reforming business environment is to identify its challenges and deficiencies, some tools and indicators are introduced to identify them and the position and status of Iran's business environment can be explained based on the indicators and tools. Then reviews the plans for reforming Iranian business environment before the fifth development plan and compares the reforming plans needed to improve the business environment (derived from the introduced indicators) with the business environment-related Articles of the fifth development plan Act to assess the overall business environment of the fifth development plan and some of the proposed Articles that should be considered in future plans and policies on reforming the business environment are recommended. Results of the paper show that Iran business environment is inappropriate based on internal and external indices and according to the identified challenges by them, reforming policies should be adopted. Including the paper emphasizes specially on the problem of monopoly in the Iranian economy according to the one of internal indices of business environment results. Also, the study of Articles on the improvement of business environment chapter of the fifth development plan Act showed that Articles provided in the bill werent complete and a priority but fortunately, representatives of the parliament added some Articles such as Exchange rate fluctuations insurance, Increased private sector participation, Labor law reform and deregulation to them that it was very effective in improving this chapter. It seems some reforms, including reducing dependency on oil revenues, accurate enumeration of non-governmental public sector, limiting the scope and extent of its activities, and reducing corruption have been higher priority reforms than the Articles listed in the fifth development plan Act on improving the business environment and hope to be considered in other plans and policies.
  • Mehdi Mortazavi, Mohammadreza Maleki, Maryam Tehrani Page 91
    The productivity as a key concept has been always considered in economics and public sector management. There are several provisions related to improve Iranian productivity in the 20-Year Perspective Document, development plans, and general administrative policies. A provision of productivity is seen in the fifth development plan Act upon which the organization should be created called "Iranian National Productivity Organization". The paper explains productivity concept and its theoretical foundations, assesses the current situation of productivity in the country, and compares the productivity of Iran with other Asian countries also the role of productivity in Iranian development plans is discussed. Finally, according to the theoretical foundations and experiences of development plans of the country, a conceptual model for research with three main components of requirements, measures, and threats to establish productivity management cycle in public sector is provided and tested. Statistical community of this study consisted of experts, and the Legislative and Executive experts involved in the codification and approval process of the fifth development plan Act that 40 people have been identified and questioned by using snowball sampling method. Results of the statistical test indicate all components and elements of the model of requirements, measures, and threats have been significant.
  • Shahin Javadi Page 125
    In this paper, the framework of public resources and expenditures of the government during the fifth development plan is estimated based on the four options. Two options are related to public resources of the government that the one continues the current trend in resources (nonenforcement of targeted subsidies Act) and another is the enforcement of targeted subsidies Act. Two options are also related to general government expenditures that the one continues the current trend in the cost of credit and another is more controlled cost of credits. Public resources and expenditures of the government are estimated for each of these four options. A) Current trend adopts in resources and the cost of credit. In this state, the government is faced with budget deficit in all the years of the fifth development plan period. B) (Current trend in resources and greater control of costs), the government will be faced budget deficit in 2010 and can not fulfill its financial obligations. C) (The enforcement of targeted subsidies Act and the current trend in the cost of credit), the government will be faced with financial constraints in all the years of the fifth development plan (budget deficit) and can not fulfill its financial obligations. D) (The enforcement of targeted subsidies Act and grater control on costs), except for 2011& 2013 the government can not fulfill its financial obligations in other years. Thus, if current trend continues in the current expenses of the government and new development projects arent stated, the government will be faced with budget deficit in all the years of the fifth development plan and has no free resources for new decision-making (take on new tasks) on the fifth development plan. This trend also occurs even if targeted subsidies are implemented. If the current expenses are controlled, can be expected that in some years the government is able to perform its obligations and there will be no budget deficit, that is, not to take on new tasks and more efficient to perform new duties. If the government no intends to control the market and if the real exchange is fixed at the prices of the end of the fourth development plan, resources and expenditures will be changed. Therefore, the average of exchange rate will be about 17.000 Rials if targeted subsidies arent implemented but targeted subsidies are implemented, about 20.000 Rials will be estimated for every dollar. In such a situation if current expenses of the government arent controlled (the last five years is continued), the government will be faced with budget deficit too. If only the current expenses are controlled, the government will have free resources for decision making on $31 billion (without the implementation of targeted subsidies) or $43 billion (with the implementation of subsidies) approximately.
  • Fatemeh Azizkhani, Hassan Varmazyar Page 163
    Regulatory mechanism is one of the major issues that in any development are considered by legislators and plays a considerable role in succeeding plan. In this paper, the effectiveness of regulatory mechanism on the fourth and fifth development plans is assessed. To do this, the first general methods of legislative oversight over development plans and characteristics required for an index (expected in control) is presented. Then regulatory mechanism of the fourth and fifth development plans has been studied comparatively from the perspective of compliance with the monitoring methods and the amount of the coverage of characteristics required for an index. Considering the degree of similarity of regulatory structure of the fifth development plan with the fourth development plan and assess the effectiveness of regulatory mechanism on the fourth development plan through the study of annual monitoring reports of the fourth development plans (and achieving regulatory objectives of the plan), expected results of the effectiveness of regulatory mechanism on the fifth development plan have been enumerated: "Expected effectiveness of monitoring the fifth development plan wont be much different from the effectiveness level of the fourth development plan." Also shown in this article that regulatory mechanism of the fourth development plan hasnt been effective and expected results of monitoring the plan hasnt met. Accordingly in this paper, a regulatory mechanism has been proposed that in fact is supplementary regulatory mechanism for the fifth development plan. Proposal basis is linking the annual budget and development plan in which annual monitoring reports presented by the government is evaluated by the Supreme Audit Court and the evaluation will be one of the variables affecting the decision making process of the annual budget allocation.
  • Ahmad Markaz Malmiri Page 213
    The subject discussed in this paper is the necessity for separation between law and policy and of course "lawmaking" from "policymaking" with regard to the characteristics of constitutional law of Islamic Republic of Iran. The main motivation for writing this article is analyzing and criticizing the performance of the parliament to adopt some provisions of the Fifth Development Plan Act that seems to be kind of "policy" than "law" and of course to be considered policymaking. To explain and prove, some politicized provisions of the Fifth Development Plan Act in cultural affairs are reviewed. Then policymaking, content, and policymaking authorities are defined and due to the need for separation between lawmaking and policymaking, we held separation "policymaking" in general sense from "policymaking" in a strict sense. In the first sense, policymaking refers to the politicization of government powers and generally, refers to "public policy" and "general policies", but what referred to "policymaking in a strict sense" refers to binding policies that their reference and contents mentioned in the Constitution and in other words, they are considered "constitutional policies". An obvious type of these policies in Iran is "General Policies". The paper compares the Fifth Development Plan Act with cultural policy documents that approved by policymakers and stressed overlapping of the provisions adopted by lawmaker with policymaker. If a lawmaker enacts similar provisions, and in some cases identical with cultural policies as law, it will be unjustifiable in terms of legislation. The main claim explained in this article is that several provisions of the Fifth Development Plan Act meet characters of "policy" but according to the many principles and reasons explained in the article, seems lawmaker must avoid policymaking with using legislative jurisdiction. Although Islamic Consultative Assembly is an exclusive legislative authority and other government institutions should respect the great place contained in the several constitutional principles.
  • Abdorreza Fazeli Page 253
    Studying failure of the strategy of firms and countries shows that some strategies havent been designed appropriately for strategic planning and havent been comprehensive enough and full attention to the dynamic environmental conditions (national and international) hasnt been paid and this causes them to fail and the failure to be implemented. Since there are obvious differences between strategic planning at the national and organizational levels, the article (research) as the prelude to the subject studies the issue of strategic planning for national perspective plan (considering and relying on Islamic Republic of Iran outlook plan for 2025) and tries to provide solutions to it. This article is background, developmental, and practical research and results of several strategic research projects at the national level. In this study, text analysis tools, Delphi panels, and meta-analysis methods are used and its statistical community is included by researchers, scholars, teachers, policymakers and strategic planners from Tehran Province. According to the results, strategic management plays major and effective role in the Perspective Plan that the role of strategic planning is noteworthy. For outlook plan for 2025, strategic planning process including general policymaking, quantitative and qualitative targeting, the analysis of national and international environment, preparing strategies and becoming into operational plans should be considered seriously and preemptive approaches and interaction in this field can be used. In strategic planning process, long-term, mid-term, and shortterm planning also sectoral and regional planning should be taken into consideration and necessary coordination are created between them. The definition of values, the mission of institutions and organizations, long-term goals, and five-year plans should be put on the agenda and propellants such as information technology (IT), demographic, cultural, and environmental developments process, energy resources, and regional and international arrangements and competitions should be used. And finally for the integrated and systematic management on the whole perspective process and the realization and implementation of strategic planning, the way for the establishment of the Center for Perspective Strategic Management should be prepared.