فصلنامه مجلس و راهبرد
پیاپی 68 (زمستان 1390)

This study plans a framework for public policy proposal. Target Population of this survey includes policy research experts, who work in policy research institutions (Secretariat of the Expediency Council, Parliamentary Commissions and ministries). Survey sampling has been selected through convenience sampling (Snowball Sampling). In order to answer these questions, what are the main elements for the appropriate public policy proposals? And which of them are more important? The paper is followed: after data gathering, some of the elements are identified and then the initial interview with sixteen experts were conducted. Other elements were extracted by using theme analysis. Finally, 21 cases were used of a total of elements were extracted and interviews, as the main elements of policy that these elements were given to thirty experts to confirm and determine the importance. Finally after the analysis of data, elements; purpose, problem identification and the executive essentials were identified as the most important elements of the proposed policy.

Healthy living and life satisfaction is a certain need and demand of human beings. According to Principle (29) of Islamic Republic of Iran Constitution, social security is the state’s functions and all classes of the society enjoy equal rights of social security services. Health is one of the basic needs and rights of human societies. To meet this need has had a lot of changes throughout history and every civilization has a different look to it. Currently, providing health services is one of the fundamental obligations of social security system of countries. In this article, we are going to explain the health services system in each insurance organization and how the coverage of each groups and classes and how to finance to provide the health services. Also, the governing principles the health services system and its conformity with the Iranian health services, whether the principles have been observed or not discussed. It should be noted that the purpose of social security in this paper is not social security fund, but social security is a major consideration, because today the first category of social security system support the health insurance and the second, basic health insurance and the third, complementary health insurance are reviewed.

This paper explores theoretical foundations and methods of parliamentarians’ performance monitoring comparatively. Combating political corruption, enhancing accountability and the rule of law as a basis of monitoring are discussed in the first part of the paper. In the second part, monitors parliamentarians conducts via rules of conduct as part of the internal control system has been studied and its differences with other types of regulatory rules mentioned. In the following, rules of conduct principles such as honesty and truthfulness, priority of public interests over personal interests, independence, non-discrimination, transparency and so have been discussed. Finally, the most common methods of monitoring, external and internal monitoring bodies, sanctions of violating rules of conduct and its impact upon parliamentary immunity of the representatives have been studied.

Second half of the twentieth century witnessed the birth of several important theories of justice in the liberal ideas that would attempt to provide nonsocialist base for social and economic justice. Identifying and evaluating these theories that are effective on many national and international policies are necessary introduction to complete analytical foundations of social scientists and finally, to improve justice-oriented policies in the country. The paper studies five prominent theories of social justice which have been presented in recent decades by the distinguished representatives as follows: libertarian (Hayek), contractual (Rawls), welfare orientated (Posner), contextual (Walzer) and capability-oriented (San). Ultimately, some of these perspectives reducing the concept of justice to other concepts such as freedom or welfare and others just show the process to reach the rules of social justice. Given the strengths and weaknesses of these theories can help us to find an Islamic Theory of Justice for contemporary systems.

Some of the economists of the twentieth century believed that national resources is a key factor of economic growth, but slowly economic growth in developing countries which had natural resources was an unexpected phenomenon in the literature of economic growth. It is worth noting that natural resources are neither curse nor blessing, however they are determinant factors to manage and use of these revenues. In order to avoid the curse phenomenon of resources, developing countries have used policies such as privatization, diversifying exports, direct distribution of oil revenues and national revenues fund. Since 2000, Iran’s Foreign Exchange Reserves Account has been established to manage revenues during the oil boom and bust. This paper reviews the experiences of different countries in responding to the question, which in some cases concluded to success while in the others to failing management of the resources. Based on the development theories and the experiences of developing countries at the macro-level institutional arrangements, our propose is that the only way to manage the fund performance is reducing the government's role and at the same time making a network of relationships among the state, society and industry. This network will play an equal and active role in managing the fund. At the micro-level there is an emphasized on such a factors as transparency, accountability, clear measures for saving and spending, prevent arbitrary changes to the law, and providing regular and detailed reports on all completed tasks (including cash flows and credit allocation) and holding public meetings with the presence of media.

What is the role of private sector in regulating economic activities and how should be established its relationship to the government? Experiences of five Business Membership Organizations (BMOs) show that the transfer of some regulatory affairs to this sector has not been successful; including regulating entrance to and exit from the markets, assigning authority of conflict settlement to one side of the conflict, and regulating prices in sensitive markets that have been needed to pricing yet. But 1) assigning consultative role for the private sector leads to improve the quality of decision making 2) Enhancing scientific capacity and expertness of private sector organizations has significant role in recognizing the main problems of members; informing decision makers about members’ demands and recommending solutions to policy makers. Moreover to be effective, BMOs should avoid from compulsory membership and rely on high quality services to attract new members. Overall, these evidences corroborate (not prove) this fundamental hypothesis: utilizing capacities of BMOs are useful when they function to reinforce and complement the markets, and are harmful when they redistribute welfare for their benefit.