مجله علمی پزشکی جندی شاپور
سال شانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 108، امرداد و شهریور 1396)

One of the complications of diabetes is respiratory problems and reduced lung function in these patient. There for the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise and consumption of omega-3 on male pulmonary function with type II diabetes.
Subjects and In the present quasi-experimental study, 40 male with type II diabetes with an average 43.5 ± 4.9 y old were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly divided into 4 groups: exercise placebo, exercise omega-3, omega-3 and placebo. Training for eight weeks, three times a week and each session includes 45-60 min of aerobic exercise with 50-70% of heart rate reserve. 1000 mg Omega-3 capsules were consumed daily. For statistical analysis t-test and ANOVA were used (P ≤ 0.05).
After regular training for 8 weeks, a significant increase was observed in FVC, FEV1 and VO2max in two groups: exercise placebo and exercise omega-3 compared to placebo. VO2max levels significantly increased in exercise placebo and exercise omega-3 compared to omega-3. Also significant increase in FVC in exercise placebo compare to omega-3 group (P 0.05).
The results showed that the aerobic training were more effective on pulmonary and breathing function than the consumption of omega-3 alone. In addition, consumption of omega-3 and combination aerobic training of FVC were more effective than the consumption of omega-3 alone.

Asthma, obesity or overweight is one of the factors change of heart- espiratory airways that are affected.
Subjects and This quasi-experimental research was carried out in 2015 using two volunteered groups; experimental (n = 13) and control (n = 13). Weber Group was selected by screening of medical records and clinical examination. The experimental group was subjected to a planned submaximal aerobic activity (45 to 80 percent of maximum heart rate) for two months. Indicators (resting heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and minute ventilation, oxygen consumption and endurance activities) were measured relative to the baseline values using standard methods. Data evaluation and analysis of covariance compared with pre-test and post-test.
The results showed that eight weeks of training significantly decreased resting heart rate, systolic blood pressure. While minute ventilation maximal oxygen consumption and endurance activities (P≤0.05) were significantly increased. But the change indicators in the control group was not significant (P≤ 0/05).
The results showed that the aerobic activity strengthens the respiratory muscles and other physiological factors can cause breathing and heart recovery. Aerobic activity also resulted in favorable changes in cardiovascular parameters and tolerance of overweight women with chronic asthma.

In veterans with PTSD, combined with administration of the antipsychotic and anxiolytics are subjected to cognitive disorders such as loss of memory and attention. Attempts for ameliorate these disorders by employing different rehabilitation programmes have been undertaken. The aim of this present study was to compare the effectivenss of various rehabilitation protocols on memory and attention of veterans with PTSD.
Subjects and In present semi-experimental study, forty three Iranian and Iraqi veterans of war were targetly selected and divided randomly in four groups including control, physical, cognitive and combinational rehabilitation protocols. The level of memory and score of attention interference were measured with Weksler questionnaire and Stroop software test respectively before and after interventions. Statistical analyses were measured by independent t-test, two-ways analysis of variance, and covariance.
There were significant differences between experimental and control groups in memory score (P0.05). As well as the significant differences were observed between research groups in score of attention interference. Deep survey showed that these differences were among cognitive and combined rehabilitation protocols with physical protocol.
According to these results combinational rehabilitation (aerobic–cognitive training) can lead to a new way for significant improvement in memory performance and selective attention.

The use of electromyography (EMG) parameters depends on their reliability. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of common EMG parameters recorded from muscles of lower extremity during walking on the stairs and an inclined surface.
Subjects and Fourteen healthy young males went up the stairs and an inclined surface with normal speed and after 30s rest went down. This was repeated 5 times with 1 min intervals. At the same time, surface EMG of rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and tibialis anterior muscles were recorded. In time domain, integrated EMG (IEMG) and root mean square of EMG (RMS), and in frequency domain, median frequency (MF) and mean power frequency (MPF) were calculated. Intra-class correlation coefficients and standard error of measurement for each parameter were calculated.
The average relative and normalized absolute reliability of iEMG and RMS were higher than MF and MPF. The average relative and normalized absolute reliability in going up were better than going down. In overall, there was no difference between the reliability of RMS and IEMG and also between MF and MPF.
Differed reliability of EMG parameters in various movement conditions emphasizes the need to have reliability measures for all parameters of each muscle in conducting researches.

The percent depth dose (PDD) is used as a dose calculation method in radiation therapy. PDD varies with source surface distance (SSD) according to inverse square law. In most clinical situations it is necessary to convert standard SSD to that must be used in practice. Therefore; this research proposes a new factor to calculate PDD corresponding to SSD.
Electa compact accelerator for 6MV photon beam, Scanditronix blue phantom the size of 50 ×50 ×50cm3 and two ionization chamber with sensitive volume of 0.13 cc were used. Dosimetry was done for field sizes: 8×8, 10×10¡ 6.4×6.4 cm2 at SSD=80 and 100cm. Ks0 and Ks taking into account the collimator scatter, for fields in the standard SSD and the practical SSD, respectively. The ratio of Ks0 and Ks was applied to correct the Maynord F factor.
This corrected Maynord F factor revealed better results for 8×8 and 10×10 cm2 fields further more the corrected Maynord F factor, reached the more precision in buildup region for the 6.4×6.4 cm2 field for PDD calculations.
For small fields with less collimator scatter, Maynord F factor method is more accurate to calculate PDD changes with varying SSD. Although, for large depths or SSDs, using the corrected Maynord F factor will show better results for calculating PDD variations with SSD changes.

Background and Hemophilia is an X linked bleeding disorder due to the decreased level of coagulation factors. In this disease bleeding in different parts of the body manifested as bruising and bleeding in gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, genitourinary and other organs. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of factor VIII as a cause factor for bleeding among hemophilia A carries.
Subjects and This study was based on a preliminary interview with carriers of hemophilia A to gather information on the occurrence and symptoms of the bleeding experienced along with family records. Then the serum level of factor VIII was measured. A total of 70 patients were selected for the study based on sample size. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS software.
Lack of factor VIII on its own can increase the risk of bleeding in patients with hemophilia A carriers. Based on the data analysis, factor VIII serum level less than and in the range of 40-45 carries an increased risk of bleeding. Bleeding from different sits such as gums, mouth, and menorrhagia alone are not dependent on the level of factor VIII, however, it is level is contributing factor in bleeding tendency
Due to the increased risk of bleeding in patients with lower levels of factor VIII, it is necessary to fully scrutinize these patients by assessing serum level of factor VIII and in terms of the development of bleeding. In addition, in order to prevent further complications, increase in awareness among these patients of their condition can be helpful.

Unipolar depression disorder is different from bipolar depression disorder base on both phenomenology and biology. Discrimination of these two disorders in depression phase is a little difficult needing precise interview and suitable instrument. The goal of this study was to determine reliability, validity and factor and discrimination power analysis of young mania rating scale (YMRS).
Subjects and Three hundred and sixty seven people (120 bipolar depression disorder, BMD, 126 major depression disorder, MDD and 121 healthy people) from Medical University of Isfahan’s clinical centers and private clinics were participated in this study. We used Young Mania Rating Scale, Bipolar Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Beck Depression Inventory for gathering data, then analyzed them using Pierson Correlation, factor analysis and discrimination power analysis.
YMRS had a high internal consistency (a=0.82) in Iranian population and it also showed a high concurrent validity with mixed subscale of BDRS (r=0.74.5). Factor analysis showed three factors named hyperactivity, high risk behavior and prognosis based on DSM-5 criteria for BMD. The best clinical cut of point was 7.5 with sensitivity of 62.5% and specificity of 89% to distinguish unipolar depression disorder from bipolar depression disorder.
Persian version of YMRS has good psychometric characteristics and has an acceptable power analysis for discrimination between BMD from MDD.

Fimbriae (Fim2 and Fim3) are one of the most important virulence factors in Bordetella pertussis and it causes the adhesion of bacteria to the upper respiratory tract cells and that enhances immune response. The level of antibody production against fimbriae is directly related to the level of protection. Fimbriae is one of the main components in both whole-cell and acellular pertussis vaccines. According to WHO standard, in the whole-cell vaccine, presence of fimbriae must be confirmed by two techniques including ELISA and slide agglutination.
Subjects and In this research, two strains of B. pertussis 509 (with Fim2) and 134 (with Fim3) were tested by culturing in B2 and presentation of fimbriae was assessed at different stages of cultivation. In this study indirect ELISA and slide agglutination assays were used to determine and evaluate the presence and quantity of the fimbriae during cultivation period. After confirming the presence of the fimbriae, two strains (134 and 509) were cultured in B2 medium; and according to the fimbriae expression, the best time for harvesting and stopping the cultivation was determined.
The high level of fimbriae expression and the best time for harvesting and stopping the culture was in the log phase. However, the level of expression in two strains was dissimilar in different time points, but eventually the most expression level was in the log phase.
According to the results of the highest expression of Fim2 and Fim3, and the best time for bacterial removal of the bacterial logarithmic phase governor. Although the expressions of these two fimbriae differ in this phase, the ultimate fimbria presence is in this phase.

Halitosis is an unpleasant odor of the mouth. The cause of halitosis is classified into intraoral and extroral. About 85% of halitosis have intraoral origin and mainly created because of degradation of amino acids into bad smelling gases by micro-organisms. Probably, the different strains of microorganisms are involved in this process and it is not associated with an especially microbial species. Among the intraoral causes, the tongue coatings and periodontal infections have a major role in causing malodor. Tonsils are the most common cause of extra-oral halitosis. In this review, epidemiology, classification, intraoral and extra-oral causes discussed. The last part of this review discusses the different diagnostic methods and treatment options.

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a human immune system infectious disease¡ which can involve speech¡ language and cognition areas in children. According to limited researches in this area¡ the present case study, investigates the effect of the core vocabulary approach in a 5 years old child with AIDS. The speech assessments before and after in the child with AIDS showed that decreased score of inconsistency from 75 to 25% and this difference showed that the increased consistency in the subject.