مجله علمی پزشکی جندی شاپور
سال یازدهم شماره 6 (پیاپی 81، بهمن و اسفند 1391)

Academic success in universities requires effective effort, valid study and proper time management. Identification and strengthening the strategies and study approaches in the educational centers to facilitate the learning process, can improve student academic performance. This study was performed to investigate approaches and study skills of students in Ahvaz JundiShapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS). Subjects and This descriptive study was conducted on 361 students of AJUMS in 2010. Data collected by standardized questionnaires of Approached and Study Skills Inventory for Students (ASSIS). Data were analyzed by statistical tests included t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation through SPSS-15 software. About two thirds of students were female and over 50 percent in bachelor and associate with the Grade Point Average (GPA) was 16.18. The average scores of deep approach, students study and strategic level, were, 15.18, 15.48 and 13.40 of the maximum 20, respectively. Between the average scores of students study approaches and educational performance in some areas, there was a significant relationship (r= - 0.167, r=0.137). No significant difference was observed between male and female students studying approaches. Students used deep study and strategic approach more than surface study approach in their studying. Promotion of quality education and improving learning conditions will require the design and provide training to students studying approaches to consider.

community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a life-threatening disease in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). DM is associated with an increased susceptibility to infection and increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to provide information on clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics and the outcome of CAP in patients with DM. Subjects and During a two years period (2009-2010), we studied the clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics, the spectrum of causative agents and the outcomes of 264 cases of CAP. Data derived from 42 patients with DM were analyzed and compared with data obtained from the remaining CAP patients. Patients with DM were significantly older (P=0.02) and were more frequently associated with other co morbid conditions such as cardiac failure and hypertension (P<0.0001). Fever (P<0.0001) and dyspnea (P=0.03) were more frequent in DM patients. Lobar consolidation, bilateral infiltration and plural effusion were the most common imaging findings in chest radiography. Pleural effusion (P=0.002) and lobar consolidation ((P=0.02) were more frequently found in DM patients. By contrast, the incidence of the main etiologic agents such as S.pneumoniae (P<0.0001`) and K. pneumoniae (P=0.001) among DM patients showed significant differences in relation to the remaining patients. In the subgroup of patients with DM, mortality was significantly higher than no-diabetics (P=0.03). In patients with CAP, DM is associated with a different clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics, and with higher rate of cardiovascular complication such as congestive heart failure and hypertension, increasing the rate of mortality

Shields with variable thickness (physical wedge) is used in radiotherapy for eliminating hot spots and create a uniform dose distribution beam. In this regard, determining a factor for calculating the attenuation of beam by using the wedge is important in order to compensate for the dose of the treatment. This study aims to use a semi-experimental method and convert it to computer software for determining the wedge factor and enlarging treatment planning system (TPS) in radiotherapy department. Subjects and Relative dosimetry of accelerator Primus plus of Ahvaz Golestan hospital radiotherapy department was performed for with wedge and without wedge fields at the reference depth (10 cm), by ionization chambers (CC13/SN-6186 & 6187) that was calibrated in atomic energy organization of Iran (SSDL center). The wedge factors were calculated for square fields with wedge angles 15,30,45 and 60. Finally, an analytical equation for wedge factor is defined. By this equation the attenuation coefficient of wedge can be obtained. With these results the wedge factor in all depths¬ of phantom, therapeutic fields and photon energy (6 and 18 MV) is determined. Therefore, using TBL Curve ver5 and MATLAB they were converted in to a computer software. By using TBL Curve ver5 software an analytical equation for different depths of wedged fields in photon energies 6 and 18 MV with accuracy (r2› 0/995) is obtained, that can determine the wedge factor with accuracy less than 5% compared to measurement. Based on this research determination of wedge factor for all field size at any depth, energy and for each physical wedge is available even for any case which the measuring of wedge factor is not possible. Linear accelerator, wedge factor, physical wedge, radiotherapy, treatment planning system

Due to the increased role of medicinal plants in therapy, the aim of this research was to study and compare the analgesic effect of hydroalcoholic extract of the seeds of Vitis vinifera with morphine and aspirin as a common analgesic. Subjects and In this study, the hydroalcoholic extract of Vitis vinifera seed was prepared by maceration method. This study was done on male Wistar rat species. The animals were divided into 7 groups (n= 9): Negative control group received a single dose of (5mg/kg of serum physiology), two positive control groups (one group 2.5mg/kg of morphine and another 300mg/kg of aspirin), 4 treatment groups (100,200,400and 800 mg/kg) of hydroalcoholic extract of the seeds of Vitis vinifera via intraperitoneally. In this study the analgesic effect was investigated by using formalin test. The results indicated that the analgesic effect of 400mg/kg of extract on the phase 1 of pain was more than the aspirin and less than the morphine. Its chronic analgesic effect on phase 2 of pain was less than morphine but there werent any significant differences with those of the aspirin. The results indicated that the hydroalcoholic extract of Vitis vinefera seed contains analgesic effect in both acute and chronic phases of pain. This can probably be due to the influence of the antioxidants of this extract.

For high energy x-ray beams used in radiation therapy the head-scatter factor (Sc) account for the variation in scattered radiation with collimator setting of the incident beam that reaches the point of measurement on the central axis. The scattered radiation from the jaws that determine dimensions of treatmet field, is due to high thickness of jaws that are not located at the same level of the patient's body. Therefore scattered of them on the treatment area is not the same. This makes the replace of treatment field Beacuase of are not symmetric. the Sterlling's formula for the equivalent fields must be corrected.The correction of each system takes place by applying the coefficient in Sterlling's formula that iscalled the Vadash̒s factor which is important in the treatment planing of patients. Subjects and By measuring the amount of Sc for square fields,the variation of Sc in terms of square field size was plotted, the relationship between Sc and field size was determined by Exel software.By this relation, the equivalent square fields for rectangular fields attained and average Vadash's factor) was calculated for them.A selection of different values around this average, for every energy (6MV and 18MV) the value of A were determined, finally A that total variance around the average was minimum is desirable for Vadash,s factor. Vadash's factor for energy 6MV and 18MV Linac Varian 2100 CD are obtained 2.14 and 2.29 respectively. According to the collimator exchange effect, the Sterlling's formula needs a correction by applying the physical analysis of Sc for various energy, this correction is extractable.

Moosir is an endemic plant from Liliaceae that’s growth in iran. Its medicinal effects that are noted in traditional medicine antirhomatism, appetizer, stomachic, digestive, anti-worm and parasite and anti-impotency. Subjects and Moosir bulbs were collected from Aligoodarz in Lorestan. Methanolic extracts was prepared from bulbs by maceration method. Antioxidant activity of extract was evaluated by five antioxidant assays: FRAP, DPPH, TEAC, Radical hydroxyl scavenging activity and Iron chelating capacity. Total phenolic content, flavonoids and oligomeric proanthocyanidins of two extracts were also determined. Results obtained in the present study revealed that moosir was effective in DPPH (IC50: 0.59 mg/ml), TEAC (TEAC Value: 2.71 mMol Trolox/100 g DW, 6 min), FRAP (EC1: 0.11 mg/ml), deoxyribose (IC50: 0.125 mg/ml), Total polyphenol, flavonoids and oligomeric proanthocyanidin contents and iron chelating IC50 were 78.66 mg Tannic Acid equivalents/g DE, 2.65 mg Rutin equivalents/g DE, 0.861 mg cyanidin equivalents/g DE and 0.62 mg/ml. The results obtained in the present study demonstrated that methanolic extract of moosir have good antioxidnat effects and it can be used for the treatment of diseases related to radicals or as food additives.

the role of cone beam CT in imaging of the oral and maxillofacial region is well known and its indications and possibilities are still increasing. one of the major problems remaining to be solved is the unwanted movements of the patient during the scanning procedure. The purpose of this study is to evaluate effects of human dry mandible motion on linear measurements and quality assessment via Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Although motion artifact is a common problem in daily pediatric diagnostic procedures, there are only few studies in the literatures on this topic. Subjects and l0 dry adult human edentulous mandibles were used in this invitro analytical study. Height, width and quality measured for three areas (midline, right posterior and left posterior) on each mandible. Three oral radiologists independently used a subjective rating score to evaluate the CBCT images. Obtained data analyzed via repeated measurements of variance LSD test and paired samples t test. No significant statistical difference was observed in the assessment of jaw dimensions (height and width) with and without motion for three observers. But values were significant in the assessment of parameters due to quality between them. According to the data obtained from this study, we conclude that there is no significant statistical difference in assessment of jaw dimensions (height and width) between three observers. Also, there is no significant statistical difference in the assessment of jaw dimension with and without motion, but observer's idea affects the quality of assessment.

Provisions of law and medical ethics is one of the principles of patient satisfaction. The hospitals are inseparable units of social medicine which provide services for all the people in the community. In addition, educational hospitals are centers for education and the students acquire experience their. Obeying the laws of community medicine and patient's right charter are unavoidable to provide high quality services, health care and treatment. As follow-up regulatory bodies scattered in the annual evaluation of health service providers, this study was necessary. Subjects and This cross-sectional study has been done in order to assess patient & interns & resident’s awareness in 2010. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire based on patient's rights provisions. Sampling has been done randomly based on maximum amount of 433 people. Among 433 people, there were 261 visitors, 103 residents, 69 interns, 181 males (% 48.8). The result show that in average %25.5 of visitors and %14.45 of physicians knew nothing about patients right contents, meanwhile %29.8 of visitors and %61.7 of physicians completely knew it. Considering, Ahvaz Jundishapur educational medical university is one of the first rate universities and Ahvaz is one of the developing mega cities; results could be clear lack of good transferring of information or some other reasons which could be suggestible for other studies.

The aim of this article is to compare, jitter, and shimmer and s/z ratio in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with normal individuals in same age. Subjects and The methodology of this study was controlled cross-sectional that was carried out with 60 individuals (30 MS, 30 Normal). Both groups were 15 males and 15 females from 21 to 51 years. Exclusion criteria were prior laryngeal disorder, any larynx surgery, tracheotomy, tumors, larynx, and lung cancer, respiratory disease, and other associated diseases. Associations were assessed by using T-test. There was no association between MS and jitter (p=0/25), and shimmer (p=0/34) as well. However, association was found between MS and s/z ratio (p=0.00). The s/z ratio was higher in normal individuals than in MS patients. Results indicate that MS can affect s/z ratio as well as assessment and treatment of MS patient. Therefore, speech patholologist should be aware of voice Acoustic parameters variations in these patients.

Several findings have shown that Nitric oxide donors can be effective for cervical ripening. The aim of this study was to determine whether Isosorbide mononitrate (IMN) administrated vaginally is effective for cervical ripening and induction of labor in nullipare women at 40 – 42 weeks gestation. Subjects and

A double blind, placebo – controlled, randomized clinical trial was carried out at the Sina hospital in Ahvaz in 2010. Eighty nulliparous women with uncomplicated pregnancy, Cephalic singleton fetus at 40 – 42 weeks of gestation and Bishop score≤ 4 were allocated randomly to receive either Isosorbide mononitrate (2×20 mg) or placebo(2 tablets) vaginally for two doses at least 24 hours before induction of labor with oxytocin. Modified Bishop Score after 24 hours, induction to active phase interval and duration of active phase were evaluated in each group. The data were analyzed using t-test, chi square, Survival Analize(Kaplan Mayer) and Repeated measure in Spss ver 16.0. P- value less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.

In the IMN group, there was a significant increase in the mean modified Bishop score (p=0/008). Mean duration between induction to active phase of labor was shorter in the intervention group than the control (p= 0/03). Mean duration of active phase was not different in the two groups (p>0/05). No maternal or fetal side effects were registered (p>0/05) expect headache in case group (p<0/001).

Vaginal administration Isosorbide mononitrate is probable effective for cervical ripening.

Doctor patient relationship is directly overshadowed by physician’s attitude toward suicide. This study was aimed to compare the attitudes towards suicide and its prevention in medical students before and after the apprenticeship course. Subjects and In this study 96 medical students participate (44 before and 50 after apprenticeship course (were selected using the available sampling in University of medical sciences of Ahvaz. A questionnaire on attitudes towards suicide ATTS (Attitudes towards Suicide) was used to measure suicide related attitudes and thoughts. The ATTS items address attitudes, knowledge, and personal beliefs toward suicide and suicide prevention. Also, this questionnaire includes six subscales. Permissiveness, preventability, incomprehensibility, avoidance of talking, unpredictability and loneliness& appeal. The results showed that medical students who had passed the training course in comparision with students who had not passed; there were no significant difference in subscales of incomprehensibility, avoidance of talking, unpredictability and loneliness& appeal. But there were significant difference in subscales of permissiveness and preventability. Results showed that the total student views towards prevention of suicide and the relationship with these patients is positive. The views of students who had passed the course is more negative than other groups. Therefore, perhaps, the training in the attitude of students who have passed the course has not a positive effect.