مجله علمی پزشکی جندی شاپور
سال سیزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 90، امرداد و شهریور 1393)

Several materials are used for retrograde treatment and perforations repair. Mineral trioxide aggregate has been widely used as a promising biomaterial to repair root perforations because of its excellent biocompatibility, high sealing abilities, ability to set in the presence of blood and induction of dentin, bone and cement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the push-out strength of MTA-dentin in the middle third of the root. Subjects and This in vitro study was performed on 60 human single-rooted teeth. After preparation, the specimens were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=20, for each period of assessment) and soaked in synthetic tissue fluid (STF) (pH= 7.4). The push-out bond strengths were then measured by using a universal testing machine after one week and 1and 2 months of use. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 13) and ANOVA and Tukey statistical tests. Average push-out bond strength at the first week specimens was 2.3157 Megapascal which was more than the average after the first month (0.125) and two months (0.12). There were significant differences between the average push-out bond strength after one week,one month and two month (P<0.001). With passage of time from one week to two months the push-out bond strength of MTA is decreased.

Protecting the vital organs in radiation therapy is one of the most important issues. Cerrobend alloy, the most common material used as the shield, is melted several times and used for different patients. In this study changes in attenuation coefficient of cerrobend due to melting was investigated. Subjects and In melting furnace, cerrobend was melted up to nine times and irradiated by Varian accelerator at radiotherapy department of Golestan hospital and the dose was measured by CC-13 ionization chamber with and without cerrobend blocks. The attenuation coefficients of cerrobend blocks were measured for irradiation fields of 6 × 6 cm2 and 10 × 10 cm2 at the photon energies of 6 mv and 18mv and analyzed by statistical methods. Results of regression analysis with P>0.05, indicated that there was a significant relationship between the attenuation coefficient and frequencies of cerrobend melting: the attenuation coefficient increases with the increasing frequency of cerrobend melting. Continuous increasing in the frequency of cerrobend melting leads to increase in the attenuation coefficient of cerrobend block, thus cerrobend blocks can be used for patients, safely.

Ulcerative colitis is one of the inflammatory bowel diseases with unknown etiology. Studies done in different parts of the world showed that the sites of colonic involvement and epidemiology of this disease are varied. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of colonic involvement and epidemiologic charateristics of patient referred to Imam Khomeini hospital of Ahvaz during the years 2007-2011. Subjects and In this retrospective study, the data from 98 patients, who referred to Imam Khomeini hospital during these 5 years with ulcerative colitis, which was confirmed by colonoscopy or pathology, were investigated and analyzed. Mean age of patients was 38.95±2.14 years, 42.8 % were in age group of 31-50 years and male to female ratio was 1.18. The most frequent site of colonic involvement was rectosigmoid (21.4 %) and pancolit (19.4 %). Although 52 % of patients had no co-existing disease, anemia was the most prevalent co-existing disease (16.3 %). Based on the results of this study, the most frequent site of colonic involvement was rectosigmoid, and dominant sex pattern changed from female to male.

This investigation aimed to prepare aminophylline gel and study the effect of ethanol and di-limonen on the permeation enhancement of drug through shed snake skin. Subjects and Aminophylline gels were prepared using theophylline and ethylene diamine as raw materials of aminophylline and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) F4M and propylene glycol as gelling agent and cosolvent, respectively. Ethanol or di-limonen 5% was added as an enhancer. Drug permeability across polymeric membrane and shed snake skin was evaluated using Franz diffusion cells. Drug permeation parameters including flux (J), permeability coefficient (Kp) and enhancement factors (EFs) of each enhancer were calculated. Both accelerants significantly enhanced the absorption of aminophylline through skin model in comparison with control group (P <0.05). But they significantly reduced the drug permeability across polymeric membrane. Ethanol 60% showed a significant higher permeation effect (EF=6.61±1.05) in comparison with d-limonen 5% (EF=2.91±0.02). Both increased aminophyllin skin permeability after a lag time. D-limonen and ethanol are able to increase absorption of aminophylline through shed snake skin. Reduction in drug permeability across non-biological membrane suggests that enhancement effect on the transdermal permeation of the drug can be attributed to time-dependent reconstruction of stratum corneum.

Menopause is one of the natural transition stages of growth that could be the cause of physical, mental, social, and psychological changes. Both premenopausal and postmenopausal women's attitudes towards this phenomenon are important issues. The aim of this study was to investigate attitudes towards menopause in women aged 40 to 60 and some influencing factors. Subjects and This is a cross sectional study was conducted on 400, 40 to 60 years old women in Ahvaz city in 2012. Tools for data collection were demographic and attitude questionnaires that were completed by interview. Attitude scores were transformed to 0-20 range. Highest scores were related to better attitudes towards the menopause. Attitude scores less than 10 was considered as a bad attitude, and attitude scores greater than 10 was considered as a good attitude. Data were analyzed in SPSS 16.0 using descriptive statistics, t-tests and ANOVA at a significant level of 5%. Mean of attitude score was 14.4±3.3. Negative attitude was recorded in 14.5% (n=58) of women, and 85.5% (n=342) had a positive attitude toward menopause. There was a significant relationship between attitude score and income (P<0.0001) and education level (P=0.02). Although the majority of women in this study had a good attitude toward menopause, but it is necessary to make more efforts for its improvement.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disease in humans and is the most disabling disease in young adults. The aim of this study was to compare psychological symptoms and personality characteristics between patients with MS and healthy counterparts. Subjects and In this case-control study, 80 patients with MS and 80 healthy control subjects without MS were matched for gender, age, marital status and educational level with patients with MS. Tools used included demographic information questionnaire, NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). Data using SPSS software and multivariate analysis of covariance (MACNOVA) were analyzed. The mean scores obtained from the assessment of psychological problems that apart from the paranoid ideation subscale, all subscales of the SCL-90-R and general indicators such as somatization, obsessive compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, psychosis, GSI,PSDI and PST in MS were higher than their healthy counterparts (P<0.0001). In addition, the mean scores for neuroticism and conscientiousness personality characteristics in patients with MS were higher. However, mean scores on extroversion and openness features were higher in healthy subjects than their MS counterparts. (P<0.0001). Based on the results of this study, symptoms such as somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, and GSI and PSDI indices in patients with MS are higher than the normal counterparts. In addition, patients with MS show more neuroticism and conscientiousness, while the features of extraversion and openness are lower than healthy perosns.

Because of the vast usage of high energy electron beams in irradiation of the chest wall and the possibility of exposing the whole or a part of lung in their paths and significant uncertainty in calculating the absorbed dose caused by this inhomogeneity, evaluation of the influence of lung inhomogeneity on depth dose distribution before and after the lung is necessary. Subjects and Three cork plates as lung-equivalent tissues with different thicknesses of 1, 2 and 3 centimeter were placed in a water phantom and absolute dosimetry was done by PPC40 ion chamber for beam energies of 9, 12 and 15 MeV generated by Siemens Primus Plus linear accelerator in different field sizes of 2r=5, 10×10 and 15×15 cm². In addition, some correction factors were calculated by effective SSD method for different beam energies and were exerted on primary data in this semi-experimental study. For subsequent comparisons to evaluate the CET method, dosimetry also was done at depths of 1.5, 1.8, 2.2, 2.5 and 3.5 centimeter in homogeneous water phantom. After exerting correction factors on primary data, for all thicknesses of inhomogeneous tissue, energies and fields, the absorbed dose before the inhomogeneity is lower and the absorbed dose after the inhomogeneity is higher than the absorbed dose at its equivalent depths in homogeneous water phantom. For the energy of 9 MeV in the field of 2r=5, the error percentage of dose estimation with CET method is significantly higher than other energies and fields. This percentage also increases by increasing in inhomogeneity thickness for all energies in the 2r=5 field. In comparison with depth dose in homogeneous phantom, the lung-equivalent tissue results dose reduction before and dose increase after the lung. In addition, the error percentage of CET method in smaller field and energy is significantly high and its application in similar cases is not recommended.

Aflatoxin M1 is a life-threatened toxin with high carcinogenicity potency which is secreted in milk by ingestion of contaminated feed in livestock. This study was done to evaluate the level of aflatoxin M1 in raw and pasteurized milk during summer and winter seasons in Khuzestan province. Subjects and One hundred and twenty samples (60 pasteurized milk, 60 raw milk (were collected from milk collecting centers and supermarkets during summer and winter of 2011 and AFM1 was evaluated by HPLC method and (P< 0.05) was considered significant. All raw and pasteurized milk samples were contaminated in winter. The main ± SD of raw and pasteurized milk were 0.013±0.009ng/ml and 0.017±0.0015ng/ml in winter, respectively. The mean ± SD of raw and pasteurized milk were 0.007±0.0012 and 0.009±0.0011 ng/ml, in summer, respectively. The mean concentration of raw and pasteurized milk in summer showed significantly lower levels than in winter (P<0.05). AFM1 was greater than maximum acceptable limit in one pasteurized milk sample with 0.065ng/ml. With regard to contamination of all samples in winter, fungal growth condition and AFB1 production should be eliminated.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of sertraline added to typical antipsychotics for the treatment of negative symptoms of patients with schizophrenia disorder. Subjects and This study is a randomized double blind clinical trial. Thirty patients suffering from schizophrenia disorder (DSM-IV-TR) were selected randomly and devided into two groups. Depression was ruled out by Hamilton Depression Questionnaire. A group was given sertraline (50 mg/day) and the other group received placebo. The efficacy of sertraline and placebo in reduction of social withdrawal‚ emotional withdrawal‚ blunted affect and other negative symptoms was assessed weekly with PANSS scale during 6 weeks. Sertraline did not improve social withdrawal‚ emotional withdrawal‚ blunted affect and other negative symptoms in schizophrenia patients compared with placebo. Adding sertraline on typical antipsychotic treatment does not seem to improve negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia disorder.

Due to increasing prevalence of cancer, low efficiency or high toxicity of the current drug, novel cancer chemotherapy drugs are required. Natural bacterial products are among the richest sources of new compounds with different biological activity including anticancer properties. There are lots of commercialized naturally derived anticancer drug originated from actinomycetes. In the presented research, we aimed at mining Actinomycetes strains which are capable in production of potent anticancer compounds. Subjects and Forty indigenous Actinomycete strains were received and recovered from University of Tehran Microorganisms Collection (UTMC). Sporulation, seeding and fermentation of indigenous strains were carried out. Then, total produced secondary metabolites of each strain were investigated for their toxicity against eukaryotic cells on the model organism, Artemia franciscana. High (40-59%), medium (20-39%) and no toxicity effects were observed in 23, 16 and a single extract of the investigated strains, respectively. This study has shown that soil-dwelling Actinomycetes of Iran are a rich source of cytotoxic compounds with potentially anticancer activity. The introduced strains which produce potent cytotoxic compounds can be considered as reasonable candidates for further studies to find anticancer drugs.

The required amount of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis to gain beneficial effects in probiotic products is at least 106 viable probiotic cells/ml or g. Acidity is one of the important factors that affect the survival of probiotic bacteria in these products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival of probiotic bacteria and acidity in tree probiotic yogurts. Subjects and This study was conducted on probiotic yogurt samples from A, B and C companies to evaluate the survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis and the acidity during storage. The pour plate method of culture was used in anaerobic incubation conditions, at 37 ° C for at least 72 hr were mentioned. The final number of probiotic bacteria in all of the yogurt samples were significantly decreased (P=0.00). Acidity of all of yogurts was significantly increased. The total count of bacteria in A yogurt was more than two others after 20 days. It seems that selected useful combination of probiotic bacteria that reduced acid production, improve the viability of the them. Also the use of the technology such as drying, encapsulation and adding prebiotic may be increases the survival of probiotic bacteria.

Stroke is the third common cause of mortality and the most common cause of morbidity in elderly persons. Albumin is a treatment indicated for post-stroke recovery. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of albumin on the functional outcome at the end of the third month in post-stroke subjects. Subjects and

This is a double-blinded, placebo controlled, randomized study of 139 subjects included within 5 hr of stroke onset. All subjects were given either albumin (20%) or placebo (isovolumic normal saline) with at a dose of 1g/Kg IV infusion over 2 hr. Barthel index score and modified Rankin scale were used for assessment at baseline and at 3 months.

Albumin administration had significant effect in reduction of length of hospitality (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in mortality rate between albumin and placebo group (P>0.05). Subjects in the treatment group showed a significant difference in the rank of MRS: 61.6 vs 78.2 in the placebo group and mean change of the Barthel Index: 38 versus 28, respectively. The time from stroke onset to albumin therapy initiation is effective in clinical improvement of patients (P<0.05).

It seems that administration of albumin has significant effect in improving the clinical function of the patients and reduces the length of hospitalization, especially in smaller strokes and when treatment is initiated early.