مجله علمی پزشکی جندی شاپور
سال چهاردهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 96، امرداد و شهریور 1394)

One of the most important factors in restorations durability is their marginal integrity. Contradictory results are witnessed in previous studies; some find the conventional methods more accurate and others believe that the CAD-CAM is better. In this study، ma l fitness of zirconium copings that made from conventional impression and gypsum cast were compared. Subjects and In this study، ten healthy premolar teeth were used. The teeth were prepared with a round edge shoulder bur. An impression was taken from each tooth and the impression was scanned with the scanner. The information obtained from the impression were transferred to software، and the computer sent the fabrication command to the milling device. While restoration milling is being started، the cast was made by special dye plaster. The obtained cast was scanned. The collected information of the cast was transferred to the software and the rest of the stages were done similar to the cast. The copings gained by the first and second methods are placed on the shaped tooth separately and the marginal gap was measured by direct observation using the SEM microscope in two Bucall/lingual and mesial/distal areas and five random points in each area were measured. There was significant difference in marginal gap dimensions between the tested groups (P<0. 01). However، there was no meaningful difference between the marginal dimensions between the two tested areas (Bacall/lingual and mesial/distal) (P>0. 05). Zirconia-based copings marginal accuracy depends on digital impression techniques although all of restorations did not have acceptable marginal accuracy and making copings from cast showed higher accuracy. ►Please cite this paper as: Zakavi F، Mapar M، Dabaghi Tabriz F، Soumayeh Kalantari2. Comparison of Zirconia Copings Marginal Fitness Made from a Conventional Impression Technique and Gypsum Cast Technique by CAD/CAM.

Because of importance of dentin bond، and the factors that affect improving adhesion of dentin need to be considered، The objective of this study was to comparative of shear bond strength of composite resin to human dentin in two methods in vitro. Subjects and This experimental study was performed on 40 specimens that were divided randomly into two groups (n= 20، 3rd molar teeth). Then a flat surface of dentin was created on the occlusal surface. The produced dentin level was etched by acid phosphoric 38%; then two bonding layers were placed and cured. Composites filled inside the plastic tubes on 3mm inner diameter، 2 mm height were placed on dentin surface and cured. The specimens were stored in distilled water for 24 hr. The composite shear bond strengths were measured، by universal (LMT 100)، for the first group when the tubes were still in place، while for the second group it was measured after removal of the tubes. Composite shear bond strengths were measured by universal for both groups during the presence and after the removal of the tube. Significant statistical differences between the means of shear bond strength between the first group (12. 52 ± 0. 17) MPa، and second group (10. 05 ± 0. 25) MPa (P<0. 001). Appling the force for exiting of tube prior performing of final test، could decrease the bond strength.

periapical lesions in a clinical problem is that there are often difficulties in detecting it. Since the diagnosis of periapical lesions in the periapical radiolucency on the observation area، so the diagnosis of periapical radiographic evaluation is important. The Target of this study is to assess the diagnostic exactness of indirect digital radiography (PSP) and the conventional processing in diagnosis of periapical lesions at invitro conditions. Subjects and In this experimental - laboratory research، 60 synthetic lesions were formed under the apex of teeth using of single-root premolar teeth placed in the dried Mandible bone of sheep. These lesions were taken radiographs by two methods of digital and conventional. Two oral and maxillofacial radiologists examined the presence or absent of lesions in PSP pictures by conventional and reverse processing in each tooth. The average sensitiveness of observers in PSP radiography with conventional processing in mm1، 0mm/5، mm%25 are 46%، 63. 5%، and 93. 3% respectively which were reduced to 45%، 60% and 86. 6% with PSP radiography of reverse processing. Digital radiography with conventional processing has the characteristics of (66%) in comparison with the (63. 3%) digital radiography of reverse processing. There is no significant difference between the sensitiveness of digital radiography with conventional and reverse processing.

A lesion of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a major trauma of the knee. Functional tests are often used to assess knee function after knee ligament injuries. The purpose of this study was to compare some functional tests and disability level between patients with ACL deficiency (ACLD)، ACL Reconstruction (ACLR)، and healthy people (HP). Subjects and Thirty six men with diagnosed ACLD، ACLR، HP (n=12 in each group) participated in this study. After completing Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire، participants performed five functional tests، including single leg hop، cross hop، vertical jump، shuttle run، co-contraction with intact and injured leg. Findings showed significant differences in distance of single leg hop and cross hop tests between either ACLD or ACLR patients and healthy people (P<0/05،P<0/05، respectivly). While comparing two legs، the distance of single leg hop، cross hop and vertical jump tests in both ACLD and ACLR patients were significantly different (P<0/05). In addition three dimensions of KOOS questionnaire including pain، activity of daily living and sport and recreational activities showed significant differences between ACLD and ACLR patients (P<0/05). These functional tests are appropriate for assessment of function and disability levels in patients with ACLD and ACLR.

Emotional intelligence is of paramount importance and is employed as a predictor of mental health، social، educational and career success. The aim of this study was to determine the status of emotional intelligence and its association with demographic variables among students of Dezful University of Medical Sciences in 2013. Subjects and A descriptive-analytical study was carried out. The population of the study comprized 234 students of the Dezful University of Medical Sciences selected by random sampling-quota. The research data were collected using demographic characteristics and Bar-On Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was provided by content validity and internal consistency، and Cronbach''s alpha level of 0. 93 was reported. The majority of students (69 %) had an overall good level of emotional intelligence. There was a significant relationship between the overall emotional intelligence and marital status (P<0. 05). The relationship between emotional intelligence and demographic factors showed that there is a significant relationship between the self-esteem with gender and education level (P<0. 05). In addition، there was a significant relationship between the factors as self-actualization، empathy، problem solving، optimism with marital status (P<0. 05). The students had a good level of emotional intelligence in regard to emotional consciousness، self-esteem and impulse control، but improvement of other skills such as self-actualization، realism and self presentation are also important. Training classes organized by the experts are recommended for improving the skills and help students'' progress.

Nursing is a stressful job and nurses are confronted with a lot of stresses. Job stress can lead to a loss of creativity، job dissatisfaction، feeling of inadequacy، depression and reduced quality of nursing care. The aim of the present study was to assess the level of job stress among the nursing staff of Golestan and Emam Khomeini hospitals in ahvaz during 2014. Subjects and This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 55 nurses of Emergency department of Golestan and Emam Khomeini hospitals using the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS-13 software using descriptive statistics and X2 tests with the significant level of P≤0. 05. Fourty six (84 %) subjects were female and 9 (16%) were male. The mean age of the participants was 31. 9 ±0. 9 years. there was no significant relationship between the job stress and gender Moreover، no significant relationship was found between the job stress and marital status. There was a significant relationship between the job stress and age. The most frequent job stressors among the men and women were problems with patients and their families، workload and uncertainty concerning treatment (2. 30، 2. 25، 2. 21 respectively)، espectively. Attention to problems with patients and their families، workload and uncertainty concerning treatment as most stressor factors in nurses is essential. Age of staff member is an effective factor in stress level among the nursing staff.

Staphylococcus species have higher abundance among isolated isolates from clinical samples. The spices of Staphylococcus aureus which produces enterotoxin A is more viable against host immune defence. The purpose of this study was to assess the relative abundance of entrotoxin A gene and its relation with antimicrobial resistance in isolates of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples. Subjects and All of the isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from sample of patient sent to Golestan and Imam Khomeini hospital clinical labs، were tested biochemically in order to confirm the presence of Staphylococcus aureus strains. Antibiotic resistance of the isolates was assessed by disk diffusion method and PCR method for detection of entrotoxin A gene. Among 222 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from different clinical samples، 102 (45. 94%) of these isolates had entrotoxin A gene. This isolates has been highly resistant to the antibiotics such as Ciprofloxacin، methicillin، gentamicin، erythromycin and clindamycin. The frequency of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates which produces enterotoxin A Gene in Golestan and Imam Khomeini hospitals was high (46. 3% and 45. 7% Respectively). This samples also have more resistance against antibiotics than the other which has not gene.

Localized muscle fatigue in lower extremity can result in disturbance muscular co-activation during walking. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of quadriceps fatigue on muscle co-activation of the knee during stance phase of walking. Subjects and Twenty-four university male students participated in this study. Leg extension machine was used to induce quadriceps fatigue with 50% of one-repetition maximum load. Surface electromyographic signals from rectus femoris، vastus medialis، vastus lateralis، biceps femoris، semitendinosus، lateral gastrocnemius، medial gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles were recorded during walking before and after fatigue protocol. Paired t-test was used to analyze the data (P<0. 05). General co-contraction during contact phase (P=0. 001) and propulsion phase (P=0. 009) decreased significantly. Directed co-contraction during propulsion phase increased significantly (P=0. 017). Flexor directed co-contraction during propulsion phase increased significantly (P=0. 013). Hamstring to Quadriceps activity ratio during contact phase decreased significantly (P=0. 036) and propulsion phase increased significantly (P=0. 013). According to the results of this study، it can be concluded that localized quadriceps muscle fatigue alters the quadriceps to hamstring activity ratio consequently، the body attempts to compensate risk factors for related-fatigue with co-activation pattern of the knee muscles.

The aim of this study was to compare bite force in different mandibular angle fracture patterns after reduction and fixation with miniplate osteosynthesis with intact mandibles using finite element analysis (FEA). Subject and Three-dimensional finite element models of human mandible was prepared using CBCT. Simulated intact mandible and 4 different types of angle fractures were fixed with 5 different fixation methods of titanium miniplates. The finite element analysis was performed to determine bite force during clenching in the intercuspal position under loading with full masticatory forces. Bite force in the mandible reduced with 2 miniplates were closer that in the intact mandible. The use of double miniplates on the inferior border of the lateral cortex and external oblique ridge showed the best bite force and the single plate on superior border of the lateral cortex pattern was the worst. This study presented a FEA based indirect method to estimate bite force. Finite element method can be effective tool in maxillofacial researches. Double miniplate fixation method for patients with mandibular angle fracture have a biomechanical advantage over 1 miniplate on the restoration of bite force.

The lesion in periapical area is a clinical problem in with some difficulties in its diagnosis. Since the diagnosis of the periapical lesion is based on the observation of radiolucency in the teeth periapical area، the objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of indirect digital radiography (PSP) and the conventional radiography in diagnosis of periapical lesion in invitro condition. Subjects and In this experimental-laboratory research، 60 synthetic lesions (0. 25، 0. 5، 1mm) were formed under the apex of teeth by means of single-root premolar teeth replaced in the dried mandible bone of sheep. These lesions were imaged by two methods of digital and conventional radiography. Two maxillofacial radiologists examined the presence or absence of lesions in PSP radiographs and conventional processing in each periapical area. The average accuracy of observation in conventional radiography for 0. 25، 0. 5 and 1 mm was 30، 46 and 85 % respectively، which was increased respectively to 46. 7، 63. 5 and 93. 3 % for PSP radiographs. The conventional radiography had the specificity of 85 % in comparison with 66% for digital radiography. It seems that، particularly for small lesions، PSP has a higher diagnostic sensitivity in diagnosis of periapical lesions in comparison with conventional radiography.

This study was designed to compare the serum folic acid and vitamin B12 levels in type 2 diabetes patients among ptients being under treatment with metformin with those being treated with other antidiabetic drugs or insulin. Subjects and This epidemiological analytical (case- control study) was carried out on 40 diabetic patients reffered to Golestan hospital diabetes clinic of Ahvaz in 2012-2013. Patients who were treated with metformin for more than one year were considered as case group (n=20، 14 female and 6 male، aged 53. 75±9. 32 years) and patients who were treated with other anti-diabetic drugs and insulin were considered as control group. A fasting blood sample was collected from both patient groups and the level of serum folic acid and vitmain B12 was measured. Correlaton between serum folic acid and vitmain B12 with age، sex، disease duration، dosage of metformin intake and BMI were statitically analysed. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS 17. No significant differences in B12 and folic acid serum levels between the two groups. Significant relationship was not shown between age and folic acid (P=0. 47)، vitamin B12 (P=0. 76) serum levels as well as disease duration and body mass index (BMI). The mean serum folic acid and vitamin B12 in men and women of case group and control group showed no significant differences (P=0. 7 and 0. 07 respectively). In this study، there was no significant correlation between metformin consumption and serum vitamin B12 and folic acid levels. Age، disease duration، duration of metformin consumption، metformin dosage intake and BMI had no effect on serum vitamin B12 and folic acid levels.

Accurate identification of landmarks of lateral cephalometric radiographic is important for analysis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of digital image processing filters on detection of lateral cephalometric landmarks. Subjects and Lateral cephalometric radiographs were acquired from 30 patients. The unprocessed images and those processed using Shadow، Sharpen، Negative and 3D Emboss filters were assessed by two observers and scored for clarity of points A، B، N، Orbitale، Pronasal، Subnasal، Pogonion’ and Menton’. The results were statistically analyzed using Friedman and Wilcoxon tests. For detection of points N، Orbitale and Pronasal، 3d emboss filter had the lowest rating and the other methods were not significantly different. For detection of points A، Subnasal، Pogonion’ and Menton’، 3d emboss and negative filters had the lowest rating and these two filters were not significantly different and the other methods were not significantly different. For point B all methods were not significantly different. The results of this study clearly showed that processing of lateral cephalometric radiographs with different filters does not necessarily lead to improvement of the image but a wrong selection algorithms and filters may reduce the diagnostic quality of the images.