فصلنامه مشکوه
پیاپی 129 (زمستان 1394)

Since the study and research on the chains of transmission (sanads) of the transmitted (ma’thūra) supplications are among the duties of ḥadīth studies, the present research has recognized some criteria such as the sanad examination of the supplications and the soundness of their attribution to the Infallibles and has comparatively delved into the text of some supplications with respect to some points such as the compatibility of their phrases with the overall tone of the supplication and by paying attention to the meaning of their phrases. Then, it has undertaken to critique them by comparing some of them and examining such instances as the priority and posterity of the phrases, the historical circumstances of the ḥadīth, non-paraphrasing, paying attention to the context the supplication or its conformity to the wording of the Qur’ān, the sound narrations, and the Shī‘a history and theology. The conclusion is that, after quoting various opinions on the study or lack of study of the sanad of supplications and the issue of permissibility or impermissibility of paraphrasing, the necessity and importance of paying attention to the above-mentioned criteria becomes more outstanding.

Some argue that the most important achievement of traditionalism, that is, reliance on narrations without principally critiquing them, is reconstructed in separatism school; thus, this school is considered as a type of neo-traditionalism. A comparative examination of these two viewpoints can provide the principles for understanding the doctrines of each one of them and also represent the degree of the truth or falsehood of this claim and their differences and similarities.
This study, made by library method, showed that the traditionalists have chosen just tradition in their encounter with the four proofs, despite the separatists who rely on all the four pillars. They believe that the only way to understand the doctrinal knowledge is through the aḥādīth of the Ahl al-Bayt (A.S.); however the Prophetic traditions, like the Qur’ān, lack apparent authoritativeness. They consider intellect and consensus as fabricated by the Sunnīs and thus fail to resort to them. The common ground of these two schools is limited to appealing to the aḥādīth of the Ahl al-Bayt (A.S.), as, of course, the contradictory position that each one of them have followed in adopting the aḥādīth, has tainted the attribution of the separatists to traditionalism.

One of the principles that can provide health and happiness for the society in its widespread dimensions, is purging the society from moral deviations and corruptions. The main question in this research is “what are the practical approaches for purging the society from moral deviations and corruptions in the stories and anecdotes of the Qur’ān?” The research has been done by using library method and with the use of the conclusions of the research achievements and the investigations made on this topic. The main conclusion extracted from the article is that the society can be purged from the moral corruptions with a gradual and revolutionary cultural movement, expansion of commanding right and forbidding wrong, punishment of the deviant, rejection of the agents of corruption, and enjoyment of various training procedures.

With a descriptive-analysis method, the present research explores into the most eminent reasons, aspects, and outcomes of the manifestation of the Qur’ānic verses in Ḥaḍrat Zaynab’s (S.A.) Sermons in Shām and Kūfa and provides the following 1. Using a common ground for guidance, giving an ultimatum, and refuting the Ummayid rule’s propaganda about Imam al-Ḥusayn (A.S.) as the Khārijite were the most outstanding of the manifestation of the Qur’ān in the sermons of her holiness. 2. Among the aspects of the Qur’ān’s manifestation in the Kūfa and Shām sermons we can point out the reproaching of perfidy, the role of actions in determining man’s destiny, similarity between the Kūfīs and the Jews, reminding the sunna of dictation and respite (imlā’ wa imhāl) to Yazīd, and reference to the principle of free will and task-orientedness. 3. The most outstanding outcomes of this manifestation are the exposure of the hypocritical face of Yazīd and his cronies, reminding the competence of the household of the Prophet (S.A.W.) for guardianship, rulership, and correction of the people’s worldview.

Relying on the great Islamic civilization, Islamic countries formed the Islamic Conference Organization for unity and playing a role in the world developments. In conformity with its objectives, this organization established the educational, scientific, and cultural organization of the Islamic countries, ICESCO. This organization involves in various activities, one of which is deciding on some cities as the Islamic Culture Capital every year. With the blessing of the Threshold of Imam al-Riḍā (A.S.) in Mashhad and the annual visitation of millions of pilgrims from all over the world, this holy city will be one of the Islamic Culture Capitals in 2017 (from 11th of Dey 1395 to 10th of Dey 1396).
This article is pursuing two goals. First, a general introduction of ICESCO, and second, a survey of the degree of preparedness of the city of Mashhad and its managers for welcoming this significant function. The research method is descriptive, showing that in order to benefit from the provided opportunity the urban managers executives of the related centers should increase their efforts in the little time left.

The inception of the uprising of Mukhtār Thaqafī in 66/685 and the changes that took place in the socio-political climate of Kūfa due to this uprising, gave the opportunity to Iranians residing in Kūfa to be able for the first time after the advent of Islam to hold a considerable presence and play a substantial role in the socio-political events during and after the uprising in the Iraq region. Before the inception of the uprising of Mukhtār in Kūfa and other Islamic regions, the Iranians did not enjoy a suitable social status and due to uprising of Mukhtār and the changes that took place in their socio-economic situation, the nobles and Arabs of Kūfa were prompted to react. That was because up to that time the nobles and Arabs of Kūfa enjoyed certain privileges that, as it was customary in the then society, the non-Arabs were not entitled to use, and that the Iranians had achieved those privileges in that period of time. In this article, we intend to address the reasons for the reactions of the nobles and Arabs of Kūfa towards the Iranians in the uprising of Mukhtār and its impacts on the Persians and Mukhtār Thaqafī’s achieving prosperity or sustaining loss.

Some documents contain unique information that have not been added to the leaves of history of their own time. Study of these documents provides the students with the possibility of a better analysis of the events. Astan Quds Razavi has in its disposal many valuable paper documents about the Holy Shrine establishments from the Safavid period up to the present era. Meanwhile, the existence of some historical inscriptions on some antique works of the Holy Shrine preserved in the museum and treasury are considerable as an evidence to supplement the historical and archeological studies. Studying the inscriptions recorded on these works would help researchers to undertake a historical comparison of the events, as well.
Documentation of a tool-worked copper dūstkāmī (a kind of water drinking container) in the Astan Quds Museum, which has significant inscriptions and very beautiful images, provides a day-by-day account of the history of Astan Quds on this work. This article, which is carried out through performing field and library studies and by implication of the inscriptions and searching and completing the information inscribed on them in written and document sources, shows the importance of documentation and its application in historical studies. It also reinforces the hypothesis of the impressive role that the historical works play on explaining important incidents in a certain period. The findings of this research show how the information recorded on this work helps the researchers notice its function on one hand and the importance of the work and the incident recorded on it on the other.